Directional Terms
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Superior
Above
Base
At the bottom (lowest point)
Apex
At the top (highest point)
Lateral
Away from center of body (toward the sides)
Peripheral
Away from the center
Inferior
Below
Proximal
Closer to reference point
Caudal
Closer to the coccyx (lower back)
Cephalic (cranial)
Closer to the head
Distal
Farther from reference base point
Deep
Farther from the body surface
Superficial
Near or close to the body surface
Medial
Toward midline or center of body
Posterior (dorsal)
Toward the back of the body
Anterior (ventral)
Toward the front of body
