Diseases caused by Prions or Viruses
What is SARS?
"severe acute respiratory syndrome" Viral disease spread easily in populations with close contact and through contact with infectious material person to person more prevalent in asian countries Symptoms include a high fever starting at 100.4 Farenheit, dry cough, and body aches
How does shingles appear?
*Varicella zoster virus can remain latent in the body. After recovery from chicken pox, it permanently remains in the dorsal root of spinal cord. Later, under periods of stressed or compromised immunity, the virus reactivates causing skin lesions in the form of shingles - blisters are found around the waist, and on the face, and back.
What is a prion?
-small proteinaceous infectious particle -resistant to most procedures that modify nucleic acids due to not having DNA or RNA. -do not cause an immune system response in humans -obligate parasites - can only replicate and live in living cells -NON LIVING
What is the incubation period for Hep c?
2-22 weeks
What is Infleunza?
A acute, viral, inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract Symptoms include fever, chills, headache, cough, core throat, extreme fatigue
What is West nile virus?
A flavirus found in africa and middle east causes flu like symptoms, not usual to have long effects can infect animals and humans
What is an example of an immunological disease?
AIDS
What causes AIDS?
AIDS is caused by human immunodeficiency virus, HIV which is a retrovirus that affects T-cells in the immune system in order the further infect the host with more virus * T-cells are part of the immune system that focus on specific pathogens and act as helper cells to create antibodies w b cells*
What is Mononucleosis?
AKA "Kissing disease" - caused by the Epstein Barr virus, a human herpes virus transfers via saliva attacks b - memory cells
What is poliomyelitis?
AKA Polio caused by poliovirus transmitted through ingestion of contaminated water
What are the Mumps?
AKA epidemic parotitis it is an infection disease of the parotid salivary glands by the Mumps virus
Describe Hepatitis B
AKA serum hepatitis double stranded DNA, enveloped CHRONIC can result in death Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, vomiting, joint pain
What causes encephalitis?
An Arbovirus (making it arthropodborne) mosquitos can trasnmit the virus from infected animals to human
What is an amyloid?
Any intracellular or intercellular starch-like protein
What is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, also known as mad cow disease, is a progressive neurological disorder of cattle; the infectious agent is unknown. The prion is suspected to spread to humans through consumption of infected beef
What are neurotropic diseases?
Diseases that affect the central nervous system
What causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever?
Ebolavirus
What are symptoms of Ebloa?
Fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, sore throat, rash, red eyes, hiccups, internal and external bleeding
Who is most at risk for Hep B?
Healthcare professionals
Where does hepatitis A reside?
In the epithelial lining of the human intestinal tract
Describe Hepatitis A
Infectious hepatitis Fecal oral route transmission via contaminated food or water single strand RNA can survive on countertops and other fomites NON CHRONIC symptoms include anorexia, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, fever, jaundice, and chills NO ANIMAL RESEVOIRS
What inflammation can Mumps cause?
Inflammation of testes - ORCHITIS inflammation of ovaries: OOPHORITIS inflammation of meninges - meningitis inflammation of pancreas- pancreatitis
What is encephalitis?
Inflammation of the brain symptoms include chills, headache, fever, confusion, and coma
What is Hep c?
It is similar to Hep B with symptoms, and leads to chronic condition no vaccine
How does Hep C spread?
It is spread through direct contact with blood or other bodily fluids
What vaccine can help prevent contracting the Mumps?
MMR
Can you take antibiotics for viral infections?
NO - you can only take antibiotics for bacterial infections
Are all prion diseases infectious?
No, they can be sporadic
What is Hep A resistant to?
Normal level chlorine in water
Describe Ebola hemorrhagic fever
RNA virus that affects humans and non-human primates
What are the pneumotropic diseases?
Respiratory diseases include: influenza, common cold, hantavirus pulmonary system, and SARS
German measles
Rubella virus characterized by rash of red spots and fever 2-3 week incubation period spread via respiratory route
What is herpes?
STD and infectious disease of integument herpes simplex 1 - blisters and cold sores herpes simplex 2 - causes sexually transmitted herpes infections
What diseases are caused by prions?
Scrapie. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and varient CJD (vCJD). Kuru.
What are the leading causes of healthcare visits, school or job absences?
The common cold
How does Hep B spread?
Through contaminated body fluids such as blod (and saliva, breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions)
How can west nile virus be controlled?
Through mosquito control
How is AIDS transmitted
Transmitted primarily through bodily fluids, such as semen or blood. It can also be transmitted by blood transfusions and by infected mothers before or during birth or while breast-feeding
How does poliovirus spread?
Via the blood, also called viremia
What is the common cold?
a viral infection most common in children in school or day care and lasts 7-10 days. It is characterized by sneezing, scratchy throat, and runny nose. spread through direct or non direct contact
Chicken Pox & Shingles
acute inflammatory disease caused by varicella-zoster (also causes shingles) spread via respiratory tract route primary symptom is development of lesions on the skin blisters last 3 -4 day and fill pus, causing crusting lesions on found on neck, face, and lower back, chest, and shoulders Shingles is a painful disorder that can lead to nerve impairment and paralysis
What is inclusion disease?
caused by CMV- cytomegalovirus (herpes virus) can live dormant in the body CHRONIC INFECTION
What is measles?
caused by Rubeola virus (humans are only reservoir for rubeola virus) spread from person to person via respiratory route; 10-12 days incubation period extremely contagious causes common cold symptoms in first 10-12 days, rash appears on the face, which spreads to the trunk and then to the extremities
What is small pox?
caused by Variola - pox virus enters body through respiratory system pox lesions form on skin=organs have become infected
what are genital herpes?
caused by herpes simplex 2 virus 11.9% of persons 14-49 have HSV-2 more common among African Americans most do not show symptoms from herpes infection signs: blisters on or around genital or rectum, broken blisters may take 2-4 weeks to fully heal may resurface months after first but less severe1
What is monkeypox?
caused by orthopoxviruses transmitted to human via squirrel and primates through contact with animals blood or bit death rate highest in young children - 10% lesions on body
What is rabies?
caused by the Rhabdovirus Bullet-shaped virus transmitted via animal bite or aerosols of the virus entering the body
What is Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)?
causes a spongiform degeneration of the brain tissue transmitted via a scalpel nick during an autopsy SYMPTOMS: progressive dementia, loss of nervous system control, and blindness
What are viscerotropic diseases?
diseases of our organs (viscera)
What is fatal familial insomnia?
genetic disorder within families that results from a mutation of the normal prion protein the thalamus of the brain (sleep part of brain) ends in death however due to sleep deprivation hallucinations, inefficient core body temperature regulation, and blood pressure irregularities occur &abnormal heart rate, inability to produce tears or feel pain, poor reflexes, and dementia
What are cold sores?
herpes simplex 1 virus transmitted via oral or respiratory route
What is hepatitis?
inflammatory disease of the liver
What is Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome?
inherited prion disease (as opposed to Creutzfeldt-Jakob, which is sporadic, and kuru, which is acquired) characterized by loss of reflexes in the legs, and the development of dementia spongiform degeneration of the brain and spinal cord
What is a virus?
intracellular infectious parasite can only live and replicate in living tissue can infect bacteria, fungi, parasites, plants, animals, and human cells contain genetic material lack ATP= depends on host for energy
What is Hantavirus syndrome?
it is a rodent-borne virus. part of the bunyavirus family spread through contact with rodent feces symptoms include shortness of breath, fever, muscle pain, headache, chills. dizziness, nausea, vomiting, low BP
Where does Hep A replicate?
it replicates in the blood to infect the kidneys, liver, and spleen
Symptoms of rabies
muscle spasms of the mouth and pharynx and hydrophobia foaming of mouth
Where is inclusions disease harbored?
parotid salivary glands
Where does polio start?
polio starts in the throat and small intestine, then lymph system in those areas, eventually to the CNS
What is scrapie?
prion disease in sheep's and goats causing them to rub sores on their bodyies. sheep eventually lose muscle control and die
What is another possible role of prions?
prions in certain nervous-system-related diseases besides spongiform encephalopathies
Where does rabies colonize?
skeletal muscles and connective tissues
What are mono symptoms?
sore throat, fatigue, shock, swollen lymph glands
What are diseases caused by prions called?
spongiform encephalopathies - due to leaving holes in the brain tissue that resemble a sponge
Why are prions a concern to embalmers?
they resist inactivation by both heat and formaldehyde and by UV and ionizing radiation.
How does inclusion disease spread and what are the symptoms?
through bodily fluids such as saliva, urine, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk symptoms include fever, sore throat, swollen glands and fatigue
How does Ebola spread?
through infected animal to human then to noscomial routes, needle-stick injury or contact with infected bodily fluids
How does Mumps spread?
via respiratory secretions or saliva
Who is affected by mono?
young adults 15-25 years old
