DNA and Protein Synthesis

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

What is the end result of transcription?

mRNA

Define translation. Where does translation occur?

, translation is the process in which ribosomes in a cell's cytoplasm create proteins. ribosomes

Be able to identify the following chromosomal mutations and explain their consequences

Errors in meiosis can result in chromosomal mutations They can change large parts of the chromosome.

How does DNA hold information?

It uses codons

What makes one organism different from another on the genetic level?

The DNA structure or proteins produced

What is an anti-codon?

a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.

What serves as the pattern to make the new DNA molecule?

codons

What does DNA stand for?

deoxyribonucleic acid

What type of sugar is in DNA?

deoxyribose

What are the four possible nitrogen bases in DNA and how do they base pair?

four nitrogenous bases. A piars to T C pairs to G

What type of bonds form between nitrogen bases?

hydrogen bond

Why is DNA considered a polymer? What are DNA's subunits called?

it is made up of so many nucleotides ( 1 nitrogenous base + 1 pentose sugar + 1 phosphate group = 1 Nucleotide )

What molecule carries the DNA message to the ribosomes?

mRNA

Explain the 3 steps of translation

mRNA goes to ribosomes. tRNA leaves and gets an amino acid for the correct codon. tRNA returns a protein chain is created.

What are 3 types of RNA polymerase in transcription?

mRNA, tRNA, and, rRNA

What type of organic molecule is DNA?

nucleic acids

What is the end result of translation?

protein chain

Define a motion and list the two general types of mutations

substitution

Define replication (DNA synthesis)

the action of copying or reproducing something

What type of bond forms between amino acids?

peptide bond

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

It coverts DNA into mRNA

Explain the importance of mutations to the process of evolution?

Mutations allow species to evolve over the years. Mutation lets animals adapt to the changing environment. Mutations are good for letting animals to surive.

How can nucleotide sequences be used to determine evolutionary relationships?

Protein Structure and gene sequencing

What is the result of translation?

Protein chain

What type of organic molecule does DNA code for?

RNA

What are the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

RNA is one strand. RNA has U instead of T

Point mutation and frameshift mutation

Bases changes in Point mutation. Insertion and Deletion are frameshifts.

What are the three parts to nucleotide?

( 1 nitrogenous base + 1 pentose sugar + 1 phosphate group = 1 Nucleotide )

Explain the three steps of replication?

1st the DNA unravel itself. 2nd the DNA strand enters the DNA polymerase and it creates an mRNA. The DNA is connected and the mRNA leaves.

Define a protein.

A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

Define transcription. Where does transcription occur?

A particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA. It happens in the nucleus.

Define a codon, what does codon code for?

A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. They code for proteins.

What is the result of DNA replication?

DNA replication results in two identical daughter molecules each consisting of one old (original) strand and one newly-synthesized strand

Explain how nucleotides piece together to make a double helix.

DNA strands are always put together using a preexisting strand as a pattern.

What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Purines and Pyrimidines are the nitrogen-containing "bases" found in the nucleotides that make up DNA and RNA. purines have two rings in their structure, while pyrimidines have just one.

What are some general causes of mutations?

Replication errors and Mutagens


Ensembles d'études connexes

Chapter 36: Introduction to the Nervous System

View Set

US History Ch. 2 Study Guide: Transplantations and Borderlands

View Set

Fighting for Equality Unit Test 100%

View Set

EMS Chapter 17 - Neurologic Emergencies

View Set