DNA Based Information Technologies
If a bacterial cell harbors no plasmid, under which conditions will it grow? 1. Only if there is no Amp or Tet in the growth media. 2. If there is Amp, but no Tet, in the growth media. 3. If there is Tet, but no Amp, in the growth media. 4. With Amp, or Tet, or both, in the growth media.
1. Only if there is no Amp or Tet in the growth media.
what are the various types of cloning vectors? list them in order from smallest to largest.
1. plasmids 2. bacteriophages 3. bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC's) 4. yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC's)
what are the steps of DNA cloning?
1. select the cloning vector 2. cut DNA at precise locations 3. join the desired fragments (recombinant DNA) 4. insert this DNA into a host cell 5. grow cells and ID those with recomb. DNA
what are the two ways in which Type II Restriction Enzymes cut DNA?
1. staggered which leads to "sticky ends" 2. direct which leads to "blunt ends"
A cDNA library is ... 1. A collection of all of the DNA found in a cell, in vectors. 2. A collection of DNA complementary to all of the mRNA found in a cell, in vectors.
2. A collection of DNA complementary to all of the mRNA found in a cell, in vectors.
If a bacterial cell harbors pBR322, with the desired insert in the Tet resistance sequence, under which conditions will it grow? 1. Only if there is no Amp or Tet in the growth media. 2. If there is Amp, but no Tet, in the growth media. 3. If there is Tet, but no Amp, in the growth media. 4. With Amp, or Tet, or both, in the growth media.
2. If there is Amp, but no Tet, in the growth media.
Of the following types of cloning vectors, which are the largest? 1. Bacteriophages 2. Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes 3. Yeast Artificial Chromosomes 4. Plasmids
3. Yeast Artificial Chromosomes
the human genome
3.2 billion base pairs and only a small amount are transcribed into proteins
If a bacterial cell harbors pBR322, with no insert, under which conditions will it grow? 1. Only if there is no Amp or Tet in the growth media. 2. If there is Amp, but no Tet, in the growth media. 3. If there is Tet, but no Amp, in the growth media. 4. With Amp, or Tet, or both, in the growth media.
4. With Amp, or Tet, or both, in the growth media.
The enzymes that are used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences are ... 1. Kinases 2. Phosphatases 3. DNA ligases 4. DNA polymerases 5. Restriction endonucleases
5. Restriction Endonucleases
what is a genomic library?
a collection of all the genes (the complete genome) cleaved into thousands of pieces, cloned into vectors
what is a cloning vector?
a large piece of DNA molecule, capable of self-replication, into which you insert a small piece of DNA
what is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
a method of amplifying specific DNA sequences
what is a probe?
a piece of DNA, that is complementary to what you hope was inserted in the plasmid, which will bind the target and can be detected
what is the significance of probes
a way of proving you have the inserted DNA that you want
what is a clone?
an identical copy (of a DNA molecule)
what is the cDNA (complementary DNA) library?
collection of mRNA-derived DNA fragments cloned into vectors
what is a hybridization test?
one piece of DNA will stick to the others if it is complimentary in sequence
what are 'sticky ends'
overhanging sequences at each of the ends
what is the sequence that Type II Restriction Endonucleases recognize?
palindromes
what are Type II Restriction Endonucleases (restriction enzymes)
proteins that identify, bind to and cut very specific piece of DNA
what is DNA ligase?
the 'glue' - an enzyme that catalyzes the joining of ends of DNA
what is meant when we say a gene is expressed?
the gene is present, activated and functional
when would you perform a hybridization test?
to make sure the piece of DNA you want is in the bacterial cells
what is the goal of proteomics?
to understand: 1. the structure and function of every protein 2. when and where it is expressed 3. how it interacts with other proteins
