DNA quiz questions

Describe transcription

-Helicase unwinds the DNA -RNA Polymerase grabs onto the DNA strand and starts creating the RNA strand (on the 3' strand) Using u's instead of t's -Same structure of DNA replication, replication forks, Replication bubble, -RNA is created, the RNA leaves the nucleus when completed and heads out to the ribosome. -The DNA winds back up into a double helix. -There is a template strand and a complement strand on the DNA. The RNA is created based on the template strand.

Three nucleotides code for:

1 amino acid

In RNA, _____ codon(s) translate to ______ amino acid(s)

1, 1

If a DNA molecule is found to be composed of 40% thymine, what percentage of guanine would be expected.

10%

DNA replication results in:

2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original

How many different amino acids are used to assemble proteins in cells?

20

How many amino acids are there?How are amino acids connected together?

20 Peptide bonds, that is why sometimes proteins are called polypeptides.

Proteins contain ____ different amino acids, whereas DNA and RNA are composed of ___ different nucleotides

20, 4

The diploid cells of an animal have 44 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in the animal's sperm cells?

22

After examining a karyotype of an animal, a researcher counts 50 individual chromosomes of varying sizes. How many homologs are in the karyotype?

25

How many different codons are possible?

64

The base pair rules states that

A pairs with T and G pairs with C

What is a gene?

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

Which site of the tRNA molecule binds to the mRNA molecule?

Anticodon

Given the following DNA strand, which of the following is its complementary mRNA? G G A C T G A T T

C C U G A C U A A

Once transcription has been completed, which of the following is NOT necessary for protein synthesis to occur? tRNA ribosomes mRNA DNA

DNA

The element that transformed the bacteria in Griffith's experiments was:

DNA

Which of the following must happen first in order for DNA replication to occur?

DNA is unwound

What was the overall conclusion of the hershey-chase experiment

DNA was responsible for heredity

The Hershey-Chase research showed that:

DNA was the molecule of heredity

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA/RNA Deoxyribose/Ribose T/U Double/Single Stranded

Understand the process of translation.

Notice the codons (mRNA) matching up with anticodons (tRNA).The amino acids bind together with peptide bonds.

During replication, what enzyme adds complimentary bases?

Polymerase

Before the Hershey-Chase experiment, many scientists believed that ____ carried the hereditary information.

Proteins

The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is called:

Replication

The sugar in RNA is _____, the sugar in DNA is _______

Ribose, Deoxyribose

A DNA strand has the following bases: A A G C C A. What are the bases on its complimentary strand?

T T C G G T

What is protein synthesis?

The production of protein(polypeptides) There are two phases: -Transcription -Translation

Describe the difference between transcription and translation.

Transcription -DNA --> RNA (Same Language: Nucleotides) Translation -RNA --> Protein (Different Languages: Nucleotide to Amino Acid)

mRNA is divided into triplet code, what does that mean?

Triplet code means that you look sections of 3 bases at a time. -Those three letter units are called codons -Each codon codes for a specific amino acid -There are 20 amino acids and 64 codons, so multiple codons code for 1 amino acid.

Which of the following is found on RNA but not DNA? uracil deoxyribose phosphate adenine

Uracil

RNA differs from DNA in that: it has a different kind of sugar it is single stranded it has uracil all of these

all of these

Which of the following is required for DNA replication to occur? DNA helicase DNA ligase DNA polymerase all of these

all of these

The three nucleotides found in DNA will code for a single:

amino acid

Down's Syndome occurs when an invidual has:

an extra chromosome 21

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of the sides of the DNA molecule? twisted antiparallel bonded alternating

antiparallel

Translation begins:

at the start codon (AUG)

What did Frederick Griffith's discover?

bacteria could transform

The "rungs" of the DNA ladder are made of:

bases (base pairs)

In order to transform to a virulent form of bacteria, non encapsulated bacteria must:

be exposed to killed capsulated bacteria

The 5' and 3' numbers are related to the:

carbon rings in sugar

A stretch of chromosome that codes for a trait can be called a(n):

gene

The enzymes that break hydrogen bonds and unwind DNA are:

helicase

Okazaki fragments form on the:

lagging strand

Okazaki fragments occur on the ___ and are bonded together by ______

lagging strand, ligase

Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of translation? anticodon mRNA ligase amino acid

ligase

Which of the following takes the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

mRNA

Which of the following takes the genetic code to the cytoplasm: DNA deoxyribose tRNA mRNA

mRNA

Describe the Differences between the types of RNA.

mRNA - messenger, takes genetic code to the ribosome. tRNA - transfer, takes amino acids to the ribosome. rRNA - ribosomal, makes up the structure of the ribosome.

Transcription results in:

messenger RNA

Chromosomes line up on the equator during:

metaphase

Where does transcription take place?

nucleus

In the ladder anology of the DNA molecule, the "rungs" of the ladder are:

paired nitrogenous bases

In the Hershey Chase Experiment, DNA was labeled with ____, and bacteriophage protein was labeled with _____.

radioactive phosphorous, radioactive sulfur

Okazaki fragments occur during:

replication

Chromosomes are paired together based on their:

size, banding pattern, centromere location

A nucleotide consists of:

sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

The purpose of mitosis is to:

to create new cells

The process by which RNA is made from DNA:

transcription

RNA is synthesized on a DNA template in a process called ______, which utilizes the enzyme _______

transcription, RNA polymerase

Amino acids are joined together into a protein chain by which of the following? transfer RNA DNA polymerase hydrogen bonds messenger RNA

transfer RNA