DNA Replication

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What enzyme helps separate 2 strands of nucleotides on DNA?

DNA helicase

Enzyme in leading strand

DNA polymerase

Enzyme in lagging strand

DNA polymerase DNA ligase primase

Why did Meselson and Stahl use nitrogen during the test?

because DNA needs to form a nitrogenous base to continue creating DNA

What are the two pyrimidines?

cytosine and thymine

What does DNA stand for?

deoxyribonucleic acid

What are the two purines?

guanine and adenine

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

guanine, adenine, thynine, cytosine

What enzymes are used in the lagging strand?

helicase, polymerase, ligase, primase

In what order are the enzymes are used on the lagging strand?

helicase, primase, polymerase, ligase

What bonds does the helicase break?

hydrogen bonds

How does the nucleotide sequence in one chain of DNA compare with the other chain of DNA?

it is anti- parallel

What is the function of DNA polymerease?

it matches up the nucleotides to parent strand

What happens if there is oxygen on the second prime?

it means that it is RNA

draw DNA

look at back of notes

Role of DNA polymerase

match up nucleotides to parent strand

What makes up the "steps" of a DNA molecule?

nitrogenous bases

What are the subunits that make up DNA?

nuclotides

What is eukaryotic DNA replication known as?

origins of replication

What kinds of bonds can't be broken?

phosphodiester bonds

What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?

purine - have 2 rings pyrimidine - have 3 rings

What is the method to replicate DNA?

semi conservative method

What acts as a template in DNA replication?

the parent strand

How many bonds do AT form?

2

How many bonds to CG form?

3

Lagging strand direction

3' - 5'

Leading strand direction

5' - 3'

What is U primer replaced with to make DNA?

thymine

What is the function of DNA ligase?

to join Okazaki fragments

What are the two nucleotides in RNA?

uracil, cytosine

What are the 3 functional groups of a DNA nucleotide?

pentose, phosphate, nitrogenous base

On DNA, a _____ nitrogenous base will always pair with a _____ nitrogenous base.

purine, pyrimidine

The semi-conservative pattern was proven in whose experiment?

Meselson and Stahl

DNA replication occurs during ____ phase.

S

Why are the origins of replication important?

They help in efficient replication.

In which direction does DNA replication happen?

5' -> 3' direction

Why is eukaryotic DNA known as the origins of replication?

because it helps us to get the replication done quickly

_____ unwinds the DNA.

helicase

What enzymes are used in the leading strand?

helicase, polymerase

What type of bonds holds the nitrogenous bases together?

hydrogen bonds

What did Meselson and Stahl use to track replication?

isotopes

Draw the semi conservative method

look at notes

Sketch and label a DNA nucleotide with a pyrimidine base

look at notes

Replication follows a ____-_______ pattern.

semi-conservative

What model represents the type of replication carried out by a DNA molecule?

semiconservative model

What makes up the sides/backbones of a DNA molecule?

sugars and phosphates


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