DNA Replication
What enzyme helps separate 2 strands of nucleotides on DNA?
DNA helicase
Enzyme in leading strand
DNA polymerase
Enzyme in lagging strand
DNA polymerase DNA ligase primase
Why did Meselson and Stahl use nitrogen during the test?
because DNA needs to form a nitrogenous base to continue creating DNA
What are the two pyrimidines?
cytosine and thymine
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the two purines?
guanine and adenine
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
guanine, adenine, thynine, cytosine
What enzymes are used in the lagging strand?
helicase, polymerase, ligase, primase
In what order are the enzymes are used on the lagging strand?
helicase, primase, polymerase, ligase
What bonds does the helicase break?
hydrogen bonds
How does the nucleotide sequence in one chain of DNA compare with the other chain of DNA?
it is anti- parallel
What is the function of DNA polymerease?
it matches up the nucleotides to parent strand
What happens if there is oxygen on the second prime?
it means that it is RNA
draw DNA
look at back of notes
Role of DNA polymerase
match up nucleotides to parent strand
What makes up the "steps" of a DNA molecule?
nitrogenous bases
What are the subunits that make up DNA?
nuclotides
What is eukaryotic DNA replication known as?
origins of replication
What kinds of bonds can't be broken?
phosphodiester bonds
What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
purine - have 2 rings pyrimidine - have 3 rings
What is the method to replicate DNA?
semi conservative method
What acts as a template in DNA replication?
the parent strand
How many bonds do AT form?
2
How many bonds to CG form?
3
Lagging strand direction
3' - 5'
Leading strand direction
5' - 3'
What is U primer replaced with to make DNA?
thymine
What is the function of DNA ligase?
to join Okazaki fragments
What are the two nucleotides in RNA?
uracil, cytosine
What are the 3 functional groups of a DNA nucleotide?
pentose, phosphate, nitrogenous base
On DNA, a _____ nitrogenous base will always pair with a _____ nitrogenous base.
purine, pyrimidine
The semi-conservative pattern was proven in whose experiment?
Meselson and Stahl
DNA replication occurs during ____ phase.
S
Why are the origins of replication important?
They help in efficient replication.
In which direction does DNA replication happen?
5' -> 3' direction
Why is eukaryotic DNA known as the origins of replication?
because it helps us to get the replication done quickly
_____ unwinds the DNA.
helicase
What enzymes are used in the leading strand?
helicase, polymerase
What type of bonds holds the nitrogenous bases together?
hydrogen bonds
What did Meselson and Stahl use to track replication?
isotopes
Draw the semi conservative method
look at notes
Sketch and label a DNA nucleotide with a pyrimidine base
look at notes
Replication follows a ____-_______ pattern.
semi-conservative
What model represents the type of replication carried out by a DNA molecule?
semiconservative model
What makes up the sides/backbones of a DNA molecule?
sugars and phosphates