Drug Use and Abuse Exam 3

On a study of 41 body builders and football players who had taken steroids, what percentage had psychotic reactions?

12%

What percentage of the US population will experience a depressive episode in their lifetimes?

20%

Some metabolites of THC, which may still be active, can be found in the body at least ___________ after a single dose of cannabis.

30 Days

More than how many chemical compounds have been identified in the cannabis plant?

400

How long can LSD be detected in the urine after use?

72 hours

Anandamide

A lipid neurotransmitter mimicked by marijuana.

Hash Oil

A potent distillate of marijuana or hashish. It first appeared in the United States in 1971 and can contain up to 60% THC

Atropine and Scopolamine block which receptors in the brain?

Acetylcholine

Who accidentally discovered LSD?

Albert Hoffman

Barbiturates are similar to what other drug?

Alcohol

Which statement is true for all hallucinogens?

Altered perception and states of consciousness

Psilocybin

An LSD-like hallucinogen found in mushrooms

Mescaline

An LSD-like hallucinogen found in the peyote cactus

Synesthesia

An effect of hallucinogens that is characterized by the perception of a stimulus in a way that's different than what is presented (seeing music)

What chemical binds to the same receptors on the brain cells as do cannabinoids?

Anadamide

Which of the following is an effect of benzodiazepines?

Anterograde Amnesia

_________ are the 2nd most prescribed medications in the U.S.. The first is _______.

Anti-depressants; Statins

What is the major ingredient in nonprescription sleeping pills?

Antihistamine Compound Diphenhydramine

Antianxiety drugs are also referred to as what?

Anxiolytic

Which is the main class of drugs used to treat anxiety and sleeping disorders?

Benzodiazepines

How many tons of aspirin are consumed each year?

Between 10,00 and 20,00

How does aspirin work?

Blocks the release and production of prostaglandin

What is the most common physiological effect of marijuana?

Bloodshot Eyes

What substance was synthesized in 1950 and originally used as anesthesia during surgery and later widely used for it's calming effects on agitated psychotic patients?

Chlorpromazine

Ginko Biloba

Classified as the "smart drug" because it enhances memory and concentration

Ayahuasca contains what primary acting hallucinogen?

DMT

Which of the following methods of use of marijuana or hashish has the greatest risk of accidentally sustaining serious burns?

Dabbing Cannabis

Chronic weed smoking in men has been associated with what?

Decrease in number of sperm and sperm mobility

Canabis is a complex plant made up of more than 400 chemicals. What is the main psychoactive agent?

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Dyskinesia

Distorted movements

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the use of psychotherapeutic drugs during pregnancy?

Drug risks vs. benefits must be weighed for each mother and baby

Which of the following is an early treatment for severe depression that is still used today?

Electroshock Therapy

Children whose parents have taken LSD are more likely to suffer birth defects.

False

Hallucinations experienced under the influence of drugs such as LSD are very similar to those that people with schizophrenia experience.

False

Individuals who frequently use marijuana will show physical dependence.

False

LSD comes from a cactus.

False

Many over-the-counter diet pills contain low doses of amphetamines.

False

Stimulants are often used to treat chronic depression.

False

The term marijuana refers to the french term Marihuana which means high.

False

Use of LSD, even once, is likely to cause permanent chromosome damage and subsequent birth defects.

False

Depressant drugs, barbiturates and benzos, influence what neurotransmitter system?

GABA

Benzodiazepines are thought to act through what system in the body?

GABA/ Benzodiazepine receptor complex

Where does the absorption of psychotherapeutic medication occur?

Gastrointestinal tract

PCP is thought to act by influencing receptors for what neurotransmitter?

Glutamate

Which substance is a concentrated liquid marijuana extract derived from the cannabis plant by using solvents?

Hash Oil

Why do marijuana plants that grow in warmer climates have a more psychoactive potency?

Higher Resin

Higher THC potency is generally found in what kind of cannabis?

Home Grown

Two types of THC receptors CB1, CB2. CB1 receptors located predominantly in the brain areas that control memory, cognition, the motor system, and mood. CB2 is located predominantly where?

Immune System

What are the primary cognitive consequences of using cannabis?

Impaired short-term memory and the perception that time passes more slowly

Who often reports negative effects from marijuana use?

Inexperienced Users

What drug is regularly used in vet (veterinary) medicine?

Ketamine

A form of ______ has been approved by the FDA for treatment-resistant ______.

Ketamine; depression

Which of the following is a synthetic hallucinogen?

LSD

What is the most specific treatment for bipolar and related disorders?

Lithium

What's the only drug in psychiatry to which there is effective prophylactics against disease recurrence?

Lithium

Anterograde Amnesia

Loss or limitation of the ability to form new memories

Users of what substance or medication must avoid most cheeses and some alcoholic beverages.

MAOIs

What is the difference between MDMA and LSD?

MDMA is not visual

Which of the following is a methylated amphetamine?

MDMA; also known as ecstasy

S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM)

Marketed as a supplement with the claim that it promotes "emotional well-being"

Which of the following is a typical effect of MDMA/ecstasy?

Mild euphoria and increased emotional warmth

Marijuana cigarettes contain how much tar compared to regular cigarettes?

More tar than

Anabolic Steroids, a synthetic version of testosterone, promote the growth of what?

Muscle

Which of these is the center of marijuana use back in the 1920's?

New Orleans

Research has clearly shown that marijuana use can have irreversible long term damage to how many systems in the body?

None

Who synthesized chlorpromazine?

Paul Charpentier

Which of the following groups are found to use psychotherapeutic drugs more?

People who live by themselves

Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the _________ gland.

Pineal

Some research trials have found that MDMA or ecstasy provided therapeutic benefits during psychotherapy sessions for clients who have:

Post traumatic stress disorder

According to predominant theory, action of antipsychotics psychosis is induced by increased levels of what kind of activity?

Primarily Dopamine

Kava

Produces a sedating or relaxant effect similar to alcohol or other depressant drugs; also enhances the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA

Which of the drugs come from mushrooms?

Psilocybin

Typical and atypical neuroleptics primary action is to block central dopamine receptors, particularly the D2 type. Why?

Psychosis is induced by increased levels of dopaminergic activity

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act

Reduced the authority of the FDA to regulate herbal and other biological products that often contain psychoactive drugs

Valerian

Reduces sleep latency and improves sleep quality

Almost all marijuana smokers eventually enter a stage of _____.

Relaxation

Tardive Dyskinesia was characterized by what symptom?

Repetitive involuntary movement of the mouth and tongue

Which of the following drugs is NOT currently subject to federal regulations?

Salvia

Distortions of reality shown in mood and hallucinations are found in what disorder?

Schizophrenia

Buspar, because of anti-anxiety, is thought to act in which of the following systems?

Serotonin

LSD is thought to act through the brain, primarily influencing what neurotransmitter?

Serotonin

Akinesia

Slowness of movement and under activity

What is the most rapid and efficient form of absorption of marijuana?

Smoking

What herb is widely used in European and US for mild depression?

St. John's Wort

What is the primary psychoactive agent in marijuana?

THC

What is the most common long term side effect of antipsychotic medications?

Tardive Dyskinesia

What two unwanted side effects are associated with MAOIs?

Temporary low blood pressure and impaired sexual functioning

Cannabinoids

The more than 60 chemical compounds present in cannabis.

All hallucinogen subgroups have one thing in common. What is it?

They all alter sensory perception

Anticholinergic hallucinogens are characterized by loss of memory from the experience.

True

Antihistamines are common ingredients in over-the-counter cold remedies.

True

Greater use of psychotropics is found in those with higher education and higher income.

True

LSD was widely popularized in the US by Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary.

True

Marijuana is an accepted medical treatment for nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy.

True

One of the first successful attempts to treat the symptoms of psychological disorders with psychotherapeutic drugs occurred in the 1840s, when Moreau used cannabis to treat individuals with both depressive and manic symptoms.

True

Phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) was originally used as an animal tranquilizer.

True

Substance known as amp in the 1980's and now also known as dank, is made how?

With formaldehyde/ embalming Fluid

While more research is needed, it appears that most effects of marijuana are more _______ than _______. Though no serious, major effects have been found, the existing research seems to have found longer-term effects most in the ________ system.

acute; chronic; reproductive

Combination Pills

birth control pills that contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone

Amotivational Syndrome

loss of effectiveness and reduced capacity to accomplish goals due to chronic marijuana use