Drugs, society & behavior exam 3

USA has best health-care system in the world as indexed by the fact that citizens of the USA live longer than citizens of other countries

false

acetylcholine is the major neurotransmitter of the fiber system of the brain named the medial forebrain bundle and is the system strongly associated with the experience of reward and pleasure

false

barbiturates are addictive but benzodiazepines are not

false

cannabis leaves and flowers of tiny sticky hairs contain about 40 chemicals, which unique to the Cannabis plant

false

cannabis sativa has a higher cannabidiol to THC ratio

false

despite extensive research, no one has isolated an endogenous opioid agonist

false

does chronic use of opioid antagonists produce itch

false

doses of opioid antagonists are used as therapeutic doses for treating diarrhea and suppression of cough

false

if you inhale (vape) small doses of nicotine regularly, you are apt to get the potential positive effects of the vaping experience, but not have developed an addiction

false

ingesting opium gives a rapid, more intense and more addictive high than smoking opium

false

marijuana decreases heart rate

false

only a few of the drugs that humans become addicted to are readily self-administered by experimental animals

false

opium wars were when england went to war against china to try to make china stop smuggling their opium into england

false

tolerance develops to benzodiazepines but not to barbiturates

false

typically, we only use 50% of our brains

false

sedative/hyptonic drugs increase the amount of time spent in REM sleep

fase

odd one: fentanyl, methamphetamine, amphetamine, cocaine, khat

fentanyl

short acting opioid agonist that is a major component in the current opioid crises

fentanyl

odd 1 out: 2AG, anandamide, endorphins, heroine

heroine

surge in heroine use over past decade

increased use of prescription pain medications

the safest (most free of diseases due to act inhaling a vapor? way to take addictive ingredient known as THC

inhaling the smoke of burning marijuana plants

compared to morphine, methadone

is longer lasting

Naltrexone ______ addictive.

is not

cannabis sativa compared to cannabis indica

it's a taller, lighter colored plant

opioid receptors are to heroin as cannabinoid receptors are to

THC

USA is only one of 2 nations that allow the advertisement of drugs via all forms of media

true

amphetamine doses are a common medicine for the treatment attention deficit-hyperactive syndrome among children

true

are there as many as 3 endogenous opioids

true

average citizen if some countries live as long as 4-5 years longer than the average citizen of the USA

true

brief, low intensity stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in all mammals tested will reinforced the act that delivered the stimulation

true

cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia

true

cocaine, that the molecular level, blocks reuptake of dopamine

true

current programs for treating major addiction of humans are only marginally successful and often (as many as 50% and commonly 80%) of the treated individuals return to regularly using the addictive agent(s) within a matter of months

true

department of agriculture has research to indicate that fiber hemp grown during 4-6 months, has the same amount of paper as 4-5 acres as 20 year-old tree

true

do opioid agonists when used as pain-killers induce constipation

true

does USA FDA advise "no youth or pregnant women should be using any vaping product, regardless of substance"

true

does circulating ethanol in blood of a sleeping person tend to suppress REM sleep

true

drugs that reduce anxiety are called anxiolytics

true

females use prescription sedative/hypnotics more than males

true

fentanyl is highly lipid-soluble so it has a rapid onset and short duration of action

true

heroine use has increases significantly over the past years

true

human body makes an endogenous form of THC

true

injecting opioids is more addictive than ingesting them

true

instead of being stored in vesicles, endocannabinoids are rapidly synthesized when needed

true

is it a consensus that babies and young children need many hours of sleep a day, say usually more than 8hr/day

true

it appears that nearly all animals have a period of a day in which they do something similar to sleep

true

it's possible to vape virtually pure nicotine with only a carrier thought to be reasonably safe?

true

many benzodiazepines end with the suffice "-epam" or "-olam"

true

marijuana is an effective treatment for chronic pain inadults

true

marijuana today generally has a significantly higher THC content than the marijuana that was available in the 1960s and 1970s

true

most marijuana laws only mention Cannabis sativa

true

numerous studies of MDMA (ecstasy) in animal studies show that large doses of MDMA are neurotoxic to serotonin neurons

true

once heroine reaches the brain, it is converted back into morphine

true

opioid pain relievers are responsible for more deaths than from heroin and cocaine combined

true

opioids cause constipation

true

opium was a common ingredient in many patient medicines in the 19th century

true

oxycontin is an opioid analgesic

true

poppy plant has been cultivated for thousands of years

true

rats and other experimental animals readily self-administer cocaine if give the opportunity to do so

true

synthetic cannabinoid Spice binds more fully to brain cannabinoid receptors than does THC and may produce more intense effect

true

the following generality is probably the case; any drug, when taken regularly, that enhanced the released of dopamine in the system of the brain known as medial forebrain bundle system is apt to induce an addiction to the act that led to the enhanced dopamine

true

there are data to support that CBD is antioxidant, anti-convulsant, anti-anxiety, antipsychotic and neuroprotective?

true

with chronic use, the liver becomes able to metabolize opioids faster

true

withdrawal from sedative/hypnotics can cause insomnia

true

vaporizing marijuana

vaping marijuana does not get hot enough to burn plant material

mechanism of action of sedative/hypnotics

when benzodiazepines bind to GABA receptor, they allow more chloride to enter cell

endorphin refers to

a peptide manufactured in the brain that has opioid-like effects

deprivation of REM sleep during a few nights lead to

an apparently strong tendency to "recoup" the lost REM sleep at first opportunity

Using high doses of amphetamine for multiple days

can induce a depletion of neuronal stores of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, hence leaving the drug-user with neutral circuits involving these neurotransmitters less functional

dextromethorphan is drug desgined for

cough

whether MDMA is neurotoxic in human users

effects of using MDMA as recreational drug are highly controversial

REM sleep is characterized by high intensity, slow wave EEGs

false

some countries like Switzerland allow doctors to prescribe Heroin have

lower mortality rates, less illicit drug use, and higher rates of retention in addiction treatment programs

chronic users of marijuana not develop tolerance to:

memory effects

drug of choice to treat opioid-induced respiratory depression

naloxone

morphine is to methadone as naloxone is to

naltrexone

odd one: naltrexone, morphine, methadone, heroin

naltrexone

We have data on drug-related deaths in the USA (drug overdoses). Those data are different now than a decade ago. Currently, the kind of drug causing the most death is ____.

opioids

in a normal, average night of sleep, how many period of REM-sleep is usually recorded

probably, more than 4

a man arrives at emergency room with needle tracts on his arm, and respiratory depression that is dangerous. he is given a large dose of naloxone, but that seems to do little to lift the respiratory depression, such action

rule out overdoses of opioids as a reason for respiratory depression

not true about opioid receptor

the 2 main classes of opioids receptors are endorphin and enkephalins

modern theory of drug addiction

the addictive drugs induce pleasure when initially used. with prolonged use the acts of taking the drugs becomes habitual and hence the habit sustains the use rather than the experience of marked positive affect

when considering what treatments might be effective in treating a drug-addiction, it appears that the strongest predictor of the outcome of the treatment has to do with

the quality of the patient along variables such as regularly employed, has strong family support and generally healthy or the opposite

how long we should regularly sleep during a day

the standard is whether you awaken feeling rested and restored and do not have a period, say in after, of lethargy; regardless of how long you slept, as long as you get some hours of sleep (probably 5hr/night or maybe even somewhat shorter)

5% of american adults, and 10% of american between age of 12 and 17, report using opioid drugs for non-medical purpose

true

Asians and Black groups are groups that use the least amount of use of illegal stimulants

true

CBD stands for cannabidiol

true

Spice also called K2 is commercially available but is labeled as "not for human use"

true

THC and its metabolite have long half-lives and may remain in the body for many days or even weeks after use

true

THC is a phytocannabinoid and anandamide a strain of cannabis has, the les THC

true

THC levels in sold marijuana products have increases almost yearly from 2001 to 2013

true