Drugs, society & behavior exam 3
USA has best health-care system in the world as indexed by the fact that citizens of the USA live longer than citizens of other countries
false
acetylcholine is the major neurotransmitter of the fiber system of the brain named the medial forebrain bundle and is the system strongly associated with the experience of reward and pleasure
false
barbiturates are addictive but benzodiazepines are not
false
cannabis leaves and flowers of tiny sticky hairs contain about 40 chemicals, which unique to the Cannabis plant
false
cannabis sativa has a higher cannabidiol to THC ratio
false
despite extensive research, no one has isolated an endogenous opioid agonist
false
does chronic use of opioid antagonists produce itch
false
doses of opioid antagonists are used as therapeutic doses for treating diarrhea and suppression of cough
false
if you inhale (vape) small doses of nicotine regularly, you are apt to get the potential positive effects of the vaping experience, but not have developed an addiction
false
ingesting opium gives a rapid, more intense and more addictive high than smoking opium
false
marijuana decreases heart rate
false
only a few of the drugs that humans become addicted to are readily self-administered by experimental animals
false
opium wars were when england went to war against china to try to make china stop smuggling their opium into england
false
tolerance develops to benzodiazepines but not to barbiturates
false
typically, we only use 50% of our brains
false
sedative/hyptonic drugs increase the amount of time spent in REM sleep
fase
odd one: fentanyl, methamphetamine, amphetamine, cocaine, khat
fentanyl
short acting opioid agonist that is a major component in the current opioid crises
fentanyl
odd 1 out: 2AG, anandamide, endorphins, heroine
heroine
surge in heroine use over past decade
increased use of prescription pain medications
the safest (most free of diseases due to act inhaling a vapor? way to take addictive ingredient known as THC
inhaling the smoke of burning marijuana plants
compared to morphine, methadone
is longer lasting
Naltrexone ______ addictive.
is not
cannabis sativa compared to cannabis indica
it's a taller, lighter colored plant
opioid receptors are to heroin as cannabinoid receptors are to
THC
USA is only one of 2 nations that allow the advertisement of drugs via all forms of media
true
amphetamine doses are a common medicine for the treatment attention deficit-hyperactive syndrome among children
true
are there as many as 3 endogenous opioids
true
average citizen if some countries live as long as 4-5 years longer than the average citizen of the USA
true
brief, low intensity stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in all mammals tested will reinforced the act that delivered the stimulation
true
cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia
true
cocaine, that the molecular level, blocks reuptake of dopamine
true
current programs for treating major addiction of humans are only marginally successful and often (as many as 50% and commonly 80%) of the treated individuals return to regularly using the addictive agent(s) within a matter of months
true
department of agriculture has research to indicate that fiber hemp grown during 4-6 months, has the same amount of paper as 4-5 acres as 20 year-old tree
true
do opioid agonists when used as pain-killers induce constipation
true
does USA FDA advise "no youth or pregnant women should be using any vaping product, regardless of substance"
true
does circulating ethanol in blood of a sleeping person tend to suppress REM sleep
true
drugs that reduce anxiety are called anxiolytics
true
females use prescription sedative/hypnotics more than males
true
fentanyl is highly lipid-soluble so it has a rapid onset and short duration of action
true
heroine use has increases significantly over the past years
true
human body makes an endogenous form of THC
true
injecting opioids is more addictive than ingesting them
true
instead of being stored in vesicles, endocannabinoids are rapidly synthesized when needed
true
is it a consensus that babies and young children need many hours of sleep a day, say usually more than 8hr/day
true
it appears that nearly all animals have a period of a day in which they do something similar to sleep
true
it's possible to vape virtually pure nicotine with only a carrier thought to be reasonably safe?
true
many benzodiazepines end with the suffice "-epam" or "-olam"
true
marijuana is an effective treatment for chronic pain inadults
true
marijuana today generally has a significantly higher THC content than the marijuana that was available in the 1960s and 1970s
true
most marijuana laws only mention Cannabis sativa
true
numerous studies of MDMA (ecstasy) in animal studies show that large doses of MDMA are neurotoxic to serotonin neurons
true
once heroine reaches the brain, it is converted back into morphine
true
opioid pain relievers are responsible for more deaths than from heroin and cocaine combined
true
opioids cause constipation
true
opium was a common ingredient in many patient medicines in the 19th century
true
oxycontin is an opioid analgesic
true
poppy plant has been cultivated for thousands of years
true
rats and other experimental animals readily self-administer cocaine if give the opportunity to do so
true
synthetic cannabinoid Spice binds more fully to brain cannabinoid receptors than does THC and may produce more intense effect
true
the following generality is probably the case; any drug, when taken regularly, that enhanced the released of dopamine in the system of the brain known as medial forebrain bundle system is apt to induce an addiction to the act that led to the enhanced dopamine
true
there are data to support that CBD is antioxidant, anti-convulsant, anti-anxiety, antipsychotic and neuroprotective?
true
with chronic use, the liver becomes able to metabolize opioids faster
true
withdrawal from sedative/hypnotics can cause insomnia
true
vaporizing marijuana
vaping marijuana does not get hot enough to burn plant material
mechanism of action of sedative/hypnotics
when benzodiazepines bind to GABA receptor, they allow more chloride to enter cell
endorphin refers to
a peptide manufactured in the brain that has opioid-like effects
deprivation of REM sleep during a few nights lead to
an apparently strong tendency to "recoup" the lost REM sleep at first opportunity
Using high doses of amphetamine for multiple days
can induce a depletion of neuronal stores of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, hence leaving the drug-user with neutral circuits involving these neurotransmitters less functional
dextromethorphan is drug desgined for
cough
whether MDMA is neurotoxic in human users
effects of using MDMA as recreational drug are highly controversial
REM sleep is characterized by high intensity, slow wave EEGs
false
some countries like Switzerland allow doctors to prescribe Heroin have
lower mortality rates, less illicit drug use, and higher rates of retention in addiction treatment programs
chronic users of marijuana not develop tolerance to:
memory effects
drug of choice to treat opioid-induced respiratory depression
naloxone
morphine is to methadone as naloxone is to
naltrexone
odd one: naltrexone, morphine, methadone, heroin
naltrexone
We have data on drug-related deaths in the USA (drug overdoses). Those data are different now than a decade ago. Currently, the kind of drug causing the most death is ____.
opioids
in a normal, average night of sleep, how many period of REM-sleep is usually recorded
probably, more than 4
a man arrives at emergency room with needle tracts on his arm, and respiratory depression that is dangerous. he is given a large dose of naloxone, but that seems to do little to lift the respiratory depression, such action
rule out overdoses of opioids as a reason for respiratory depression
not true about opioid receptor
the 2 main classes of opioids receptors are endorphin and enkephalins
modern theory of drug addiction
the addictive drugs induce pleasure when initially used. with prolonged use the acts of taking the drugs becomes habitual and hence the habit sustains the use rather than the experience of marked positive affect
when considering what treatments might be effective in treating a drug-addiction, it appears that the strongest predictor of the outcome of the treatment has to do with
the quality of the patient along variables such as regularly employed, has strong family support and generally healthy or the opposite
how long we should regularly sleep during a day
the standard is whether you awaken feeling rested and restored and do not have a period, say in after, of lethargy; regardless of how long you slept, as long as you get some hours of sleep (probably 5hr/night or maybe even somewhat shorter)
5% of american adults, and 10% of american between age of 12 and 17, report using opioid drugs for non-medical purpose
true
Asians and Black groups are groups that use the least amount of use of illegal stimulants
true
CBD stands for cannabidiol
true
Spice also called K2 is commercially available but is labeled as "not for human use"
true
THC and its metabolite have long half-lives and may remain in the body for many days or even weeks after use
true
THC is a phytocannabinoid and anandamide a strain of cannabis has, the les THC
true
THC levels in sold marijuana products have increases almost yearly from 2001 to 2013
true
