DS unit 1

a sequence of operations that takes inputs and turns them into outputs is a _____

process

qualitative or quantitative? the advertising medium (ratio, television, or print) used to promote a product

qualitative

qualitative or quantitative? the stock exchange on which a company's stock is traded

qualitative

qualitative or quantitative? the net profit for a company in 2017

quantitative

___________ is the science of using a sample to make generalizations about the important aspects of a population

statistical inference

which of the following manipulations can affect the way a graph/chart is interpreted? - stretched or compressed axes - bars of varying widths - bars of varying colors - axes that don't begin at 0 - labels and captions

stretched or compressed axes, bars of varying widths, axes that don't begin at 0, labels and captions

the interquartile range is the difference between which two quartiles?

first and third

a _____ is a list of all the units in a population.

frame

as the coefficient of variation ________, risk ________.

increases ; increases

1st quartile =

25th percentile

examining all population measurements is called _____.

census

true/false when establishing the classes for a frequency distribution, it is generally agreed that the more classes you use the better your frequency distribution will be.

false

the length of the interval that contains the middle 50% of measurements is known as:

the interquartile range

in calculating cumulative frequencies for a pareto chart, the cumulative frequency of the third category represents: - the sum of the frequencies of the third category and all categories beyond - the frequency of the third category only - the sum of the frequencies of the first and second categories - the sum of the frequencies of the first, second, and third categories

the sum of the frequencies of the first, second, and third categories

suppose a bottling plant uses a Pareto chart to identify problems in filling its 12-ounce bottles of orange juice. the chart uses the categories "overfilled, "underfilled," "cap on crooked," "label crooked," and "bottle damaged." the categories have frequencies 52, 48, 45, 43, and 42. what do these frequencies imply?

there are five frequently occurring problems

which of the following statements about pareto charts are true? - they can suggest where a process needs improvement - they can offer solutions to quality problems - they can identify quality problems - they can help prioritize problem solving activities

they can suggest where a process needs improvement, they can identify quality problems, they can help prioritize problem solving activities

true/false a random sample is selected so that every element in the population has the same chance of being included in the sample

true

true/false an individual collecting data directly through planned experimentation is obtaining primary data

true

true/false stem-and-leaf displays and dot plots are useful for detecting outliers.

true

true/false the median is said to be resistant to extreme values.

true

true/false the mode is the measurement in a sample or population that occurs most frequently.

true

true/false the population mean is the average of the population measurements.

true

true/false the stem-and-leaf display is advantageous because it allows us to actually see the measurements in the data set.

true

true/false when looking at the shape of the distribution using a histogram, a distribution is skewed to the right when the left tail is shorter than the right tail.

true

a contingency table helps us understand the relationships between:

two categorical variables

any characteristic of an element is called a _____

variable

according to Chebyshev's theorem, at least what proportion of the data will be within μ ± kσ for k = 2?

75%

3rd quartile =

75th percentile

Pat's exam score placed Pat in the 85th percentile. This means that _____% of students scored higher than Pat.

15

as a general rule, when creating a stem-and-leaf display, there should be ______ stem values.

between 5 and 20

a _____ table helps us understand the relationships between two categorical variables

contigency

_____ refers to describing the important aspects of a set of measurements

descriptive statistics

a type of very simple graph that can be used to summarize a quantitative data set is a(n) ________.

dot plot

true/false if we examine some of the population measurements, we are conducting a census of the population

false

true/false the median is the measure of central tendency that divides a population or sample into four equal parts.

false

true/false the population mean is the point estimate of the sample mean.

false

true/false the range of the measurement is the largest measurement plus the smallest measurement

false

for a set of measurements arranged in increasing order, the pth percentile is a value such that p% of the measurements are ____________________ the value.

less than or equal to

2nd quartile =

median

an unusually large or small observation separated from the rest of the data is a(n) ________.

outlier

what kind of chart can suggest where a process needs improvement?

pareto chart

which graphical representations are used to portray qualitative data? - pareto chart - pie chart - bar chart - histogram

pareto chart, pie chart, and bar chart

a researcher records the eye color of 100 study participants and wants to summarize the results graphically. what type of chart should the researcher use?

pie chart

qualitative or quantitative? the dollar amount on an accounts receivable invoice

quantitative

qualitative or quantitative? the national debt of the U.S. in 2017

quantitative

a set of measurements is divided into four parts, each containing approximately 25% of the measurements. these three dividers are called ________

quartiles

the _____ frequency of a class is its frequency divided by the total number of observations.

relative

a _____ is a display of individual measurements versus time

runs plot

a _____ is a subset of the units in a population

sample

when we are choosing a random sample and we do not place chosen units back into the population, we are...

sampling without replacement

which type of graph allows researchers to examine the relationship between two quantitative variables?

scatter plot

if the mean is greater than the median, then the relative frequency curve is most likely to be ________.

skewed right