Fermentation

What does lactic acid fermentation convert into lactic acid?

pyruvic acid

What is the equation for lactic acid fermentation after glycolysis?

pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD⁺

What are the two main types of fermentation?

1. Alcoholic fermentation 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation

Glycolysis releases a great amount of energy.

False- Glycolysis releases only a small amount of energy.

What is the function of NAD+ in glycolysis?

NAD⁺ is an electron carrier that accepts a pair of high energy electrons. NAD⁺ helps to pass energy from glucose to other pathways in the cell.

What is NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Pyruvate and NADH from glycolysis enter the fermentation process.Energy from the NADH molecule is used to convert pyruvate into lactic acid.This type of fermentation occurs in many types of cells, including human muscle cells.

What would be the problem if cellular respiration took place in just one step?

All of the energy from glucose would be released at once, and most of it would be lost in the form of light and heat.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

C6H12O6---ethanol + CO2 + 2 ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

Formula: C10H16N5O13P3

Cellular respiration begins with a pathway called-----

Glycolysis

Three Main Stages of Cellular respiration

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

Why can glycolysis supply energy to cells when oxygen is not available?

Glycolysis does not require oxygen. Glycolysis can supply chemical energy to cells when oxygen is not available.

Where does glycolysis take place?

In the Cytoplasm

Where do the Krebs cycle and electron transport take place?

In the Mitochondria

Alcoholic fermentation

Like lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate and NADH from glycolysis enter fermentation. Energy from NADH is used to break down pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide. Alcoholic fermentation is used by many types of yeasts.

What is fermentation?

Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

The Chemical formula is 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

How does the cell get Glycolysis going?

The cell needs to put in a little energy to get things going.

If the cell uses 2ATP molecules at the beginning of glycolysis, how does it end up with a net gain of 2 ATP molecules?

The cell puts 2 ATP molecues into its "account" to get glycolysis going, when glycolysis is complete, 4 ATP molecules have been produces. Thus a 2 net gain of ATP molecules.

During rapid exercise, how do you muscle cells produce ATP?

The muscle cells produce ATP by lactic acid fermentation.

What is Glycolysis?

The process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.

What is cellular respiration?

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

What organisms use alcoholic fermentation?

Yeast and a few microorganisms

Fermentation

an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue eventually can continue to produce a small amount of ATP without oxygen.

Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be ________.

anaerobic