DVC Hist-120 Give me Liberty Ch. 1

MAP IMAGE- Place the following major events and processes from the early history of the Americas in chronological order.

- Hunters and fishers cross the Bering Land Bridge from Siberia to Alaska. - Glaciers begin to melt, submerging the land bridge between Asia and North America. - The first humans reach the southernmost tip of South America. - Agriculture emerges in Mesoamerica and the Andes.

The late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries are often described as the early years of Europe's age of exploration. Place the following European voyages in chronological order.

1- The Vikings established a settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland. 2- The Colombian expedition makes landfall in the Bahamas. 3- Amerigo Vespucci explores the coast of South America. 4- Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the globe.

Read the passage from Bartolomé de Las Casas's History of the Indies. When they fell ill, which was very frequently because they are a delicate people unaccustomed to such work, the Spaniards did not believe them and pitilessly called them lazy dogs and kicked and beat them; and when illness was apparent they sent them home as useless. . . . They would go then, falling into the first stream and dying there in desperation; others would hold on longer but very few ever made it home. I sometimes came upon dead bodies on my way, and upon others who were gasping and moaning in their death agony, repeating "Hungry, hungry." And this was the freedom, the good treatment and the Christianity the Indians received. Identify the statement that most accurately describes why Las Casas, after describing the ill treatment of Indians, would write, "And this was the freedom, the good treatment and the Christianity the Indians received." Click here to review the full excerpt from the textbook.

Although the Spanish saw themselves as "servants to God," an important tenet of Christian liberty, they had no issues enslaving and abusing the natives if they refused to convert.

IMAGE- The inhabitants of what Native American city near present-day St. Louis were known for building burial mounds?

Cahokia

Most Native American societies were matrilineal. Which of the following is a characteristic of a matrilineal society?

Children become members of their mother's family, not the father's.

MAP IMAGE- What country had a large naval fleet and could have located America before Columbus? Select the country on the map below.

China

Why was Columbus more confident than others about his ability to sail westward?

Columbus used the Bible to calculate that Asia was only 3,000 miles to the west.

According to the widespread legal doctrine known as "coverture," when a woman married she surrendered her legal identity and became "covered" by that of her husband. What did coverture mean for married women?

Correct Answer(s) - A married woman couldn't own property or sign contracts in her name. - Family life was dependent on male dominance and female submission. - A married woman could not conduct business for the family. Incorrect Answer(s) - A married woman could seek divorce, regardless of the situation.

MAP- Early in the fifteenth century, China would have seemed the most likely candidate to establish a global naval empire. Which areas did Admiral Zheng He explore in his expeditions on behalf of the Ming emperor?

Correct clickable areas: East African & Indian Ocean

According to the widespread legal doctrine known as "coverture," when a woman married she surrendered her legal identity and became "covered" by that of her husband. What did coverture mean for married women?

Correct: - A married woman could not conduct business for the family. - Family life was dependent on male dominance and female submission. - A married woman couldn't own property or sign contracts in her name.

IMAGE- Analyze the image below. Identify the statements that describe what the Florentine Codex reveals about Cortés's attack on the Aztecs.

Correct: - Aztec men, women, and children were willing to fight against the Spanish. - The Spanish had superior weapons. Incorrect: - Aztec men, women, and children fled from the attacks of the Spanish. - Aztecs were defenseless against the Spanish.

Martin Luther, a German priest, gained much attention when he posted his Ninety-Five Theses. What arguments did Luther express in the document?

Correct: - Luther accused the Catholic Church of corruption. - Luther wanted all Christians to read the Bible for themselves, not rely on interpretations from a priest. - Luther wanted to stop the sale of indulgences, which granted forgiveness in exchange for a fee. Incorrect: - Luther suggested that natives were treated too kindly, and that all natives should be forced to join the Catholic Church at any cost.

Analyze the map below. Identify the statements that describe the voyages of discovery across the Atlantic Ocean.

Correct: - Magellan was the only explorer to sail around most of South America. - Columbus crossed the Atlantic from Europe four times, landing in the present-day Caribbean and South America. -Cabot was the only explorer to arrive in present-day Canada.

IMAGE- The Spanish, French, and Dutch approached colonial settlement from different perspectives. Unlike the French and Dutch, the Spanish developed an empire. Identify the statements that describe the population in Spanish colonies.

Correct: - Persons born in Spain were the minority of the population in the Spanish colonies. - Wives of colonists were required to leave Spain and join their husbands in the colonies. - All single men were required to marry.

VIDEO- Review the following video featuring author Eric Foner. To what degree did ideas of freedom inspire English settlers in North America?

Correct: - The English prided themselves on being exemplars of freedom. - The English believed that they were bringing freedom to the Native American population and rescuing them from the Spanish.

IMAGE- Identify the key characteristics of the Hopi and Zuni civilizations of Western Indians.

Correct: - built planned towns with large multi-family dwellings - constructed dams and canals to gather and distribute water Incorrect: - maintained a strict separation between church and state, outlawing the construction of kivas, or places of worship, near their settlements - traded exclusively with local groups

IMAGE- Identify the innovations Native Americans lacked that limited the development of agriculture to certain regions.

Correct: - domesticated animals - wheeled vehicles Incorrect: - trade networks - irrigation systems

IMAGE- The development of new technologies allowed Europeans to explore west across the Atlantic. Identify the new technologies that enabled this travel.

Correct: - invention of the compass - development of the caravel - invention of the quadrant Incorrect: - formation of caravans

IMAGE- Europeans held numerous ideas of freedom. Identify the characteristics of Christian liberty.

Correct: - less a political or social status, and more a moral or spiritual condition - Servitude and freedom were mutually reinforced through the ideal of becoming a "servant to God." Incorrect: - embraced religious toleration - very similar to native religious rites

Most Native American tribes were individual groups before Europeans arrived; however, five Iroquois peoples did unite and formed a Great League of Peace. Identify the most likely reasons the five tribes of Iroquois united under one confederacy.

Correct: - to combine their fighting forces to defeat other native tribes in the area - to coordinate diplomatic relations between members of the league

Identify the statements that describe the encounters between the peoples of the Americas and the Europeans.

Describes the encounters: - Europeans sought wealth in the New World, initially relying on natives for either trade or labor. - The invention of printing made it possible for Europeans to share information and follow in each other's sailing paths. - The Europeans competed with each other, trying to amass as many native converts to their specific religion as possible.

Identify the key characteristics of the French and Dutch colonies.

Dutch: - Legal rights existed for women. - This country had patroons, who were landowners who had tenants work on their land for profits. - Religious toleration existed for colonists. French: - They married Indian women, relying on them as guides, traders, and interpreters.

The Dutch were more tolerant of diverse religious faiths. However tolerant, Governor Petrus Stuyvesant of New Netherland was a strong supporter of the Dutch Reformed Church and wanted to alienate those of other religious faiths. What petition was filed by Quakers demanding they be allowed to settle in a Dutch colony?

Flushing Remonstrance

Identify why Christopher Columbus most likely brought ten inhabitants from the island of Hispaniola back to Spain.

He brought them back from conversion to Christianity

MAP- Although Roanoke is often described as the first European settlement in North America, Spanish mercenaries left their mark earlier. Match each Spanish mercenary with the region he explored.

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo - left Francisco Vasquez de Coronado - middle Hernando de Soto - right

Given his recommendation for the improvement of Indian and Spanish relations, Bartolomé de Las Casas would have most in common with which other reform-minded individual?

Martin Luther

Columbus went to his grave believing he discovered a westward route to Asia. He referred to the native peoples he encountered as Indians, a term that has endured to this day. But who were the people that Christopher Columbus actually "discovered"?

Native Americans

Different economic conditions in different European colonies in North America produced different kinds of societies. Match each colony with a brief description of its social dynamics.

New France - The need for allies in the fur trade led to interdependence with the native population. New England - The need for LAND led to conflict with the native population. New Spain - The need for LABOR led to conflict with the native population.

MAP IMAGE- On the map below, match the following European colonies to their correct locations on the eastern portion of North America.

New France- top; Canada area New Netherlands- Middle; New York area New Spain- bottom; Florida area

IMAGE- Different economic conditions in different European colonies in North America produced different kinds of societies. Match each colony with a brief description of its social dynamics.

New Spain- The need for labor led to conflict with the native population. New England- The need for land led to conflict with the native population. New France- The need for allies in the fur trade led to interdependence with the native population.

IMAGE- The "Columbian Exchange" was a process of introducing animals, plants, technology, and disease from one part of the world to another. The exchange went both ways. Identify the country of origin of the goods and a disease that were part of this exchange.

Old World (Europe) - horses and cattle - smallpox - sugarcane New World (Natives) - corn and potatoes

The Pueblo Revolt (1680) provided lessons for both natives and Spanish peoples. What were the outcomes of the Pueblo Revolt?

Outcomes of the Pueblo Revolt: - The Pueblos rejected all symbols of European culture. - The Spanish adopted a more tolerant attitude in their relations with natives. - Natives rebuilt their places of worship. NOT outcomes of the Pueblo Revolt - The Spanish military was victorious.

Identify the statement that best describes religious freedom in seventeenth-century Europe.

People in seventeeth-century Europe were legally obligated to follow the faith of the kingdom and had no private choice in the matter.

Stories of the Black Legend of Spain spread throughout Europe and the colonies through both writings and visual imagery. Identify the statement that best describes the Black Legend.

Spain's reputation as brutal and exploitative colonizer.

IMAGE- Identify the statement that describes the French treatment of Indians.

The French had great admiration for the native societies, and as a result they frequently adopted native ways.

IMAGE- Many Europeans believed Natives were too free, and were surprised that their language lacked words for concepts such as "oppressed" or "obedient subjects," which were commonplace in European languages.

True

An indentured servant in New France would most likely serve in which of the following positions?

a servant to anyone who led the labor contract

In 1550, Spain abolished the encomienda system and replaced it with a new repartimiento system. Identify the key characteristics of the repartimiento system.

characteristics of the repartimiento system - Natives were paid wages. - Natives were required to perform a fixed amount of labor. - Natives remained legally free. NOT characteristics of the repartimiento system - Natives became the slaves of the Spanish.

Life in the Spanish New World was complex, hierarchical, and full of new social distinctions that had not existed in Europe. Match the new social category with its correct descriptor.

mestizo: person of mixed ancestry criollo: person of Spanish ancestry born in the Americas peninsulare: person of high birth born in Europe and transplanted to the Americas

VIDEO- Review the following video featuring author Eric Foner. European ideas of "freedom" were very different than native ideas of freedom. Identify whether the following characteristics applied to native or European societies' definitions of freedom.

natives - Family ties and kinship were prioritized over individual needs. - Families "owned" the right to use land. - supported the idea of freedom of religious choice Europeans - Individual freedom was prioritized over group needs. - Moral behavior was directed by a written code of laws. - Freedom was associated with individual ownership of property.

The Pueblo Revolt (1680) provided lessons for both natives and Spanish peoples. What were the outcomes of the Pueblo Revolt?

outcomes: - The Pueblos rejected all symbols of European culture. - Natives rebuilt their places of worship. - The Spanish adopted a more tolerant attitude in their relations with natives. not outcomes: - The Spanish military was victorious.

Identify the territory that would be considered a borderland.

the "middle ground" of the upper Great Lakes

While Native Americans have few common characteristics between their societies, they do share a central religious belief throughout North America called "animism." Identify the statement that best defines animism.

the belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things.

4 IMAGES- Identify the definition of métis.

the child of an Indian woman and French man

MAP IMAGE- Analyze the map below. Identify the differences between native ways of life in the northern and southern portions of what became the United States.

tribes in the South - hunted alligators - foraged along the seacoast - managed orchards tribes in the North - gathered wild rice - relied on fishing