EAB3764 Exam 1

Determinism

Doctrine that acts of the occurrences in nature, or social or psychological phenomena are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws

Unconditioned stimuli

Elicit behavior without any prior learning history

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 basic communications techniques used to facilitate joint goal and intervention selection?

Empathy

Forms a basis for ABA?

Empirical, Determinism, and scientific method...

Which of the following does NOT form a basis for ABA?

Existentialism

Generality

Extension of behavior across time, setting, or other behaviors

Behavioral change

Focuses on observable events

Applied

Focuses on socially significant behaviors

During training of program implementers, which is most important to sustaining program implementation

Follow-up support and feedback from significant others

Maria will reduce her instances of blushing by 80% in a social situation. The underlined part is an example of a

Goal

A major goal of applied behavior analysis is to

Help individuals function more independently without outside interference

Mark's IEP states that he will learn 3 signs in sign language. Which of the following is a likely foundational skill for this behavior?

Imitation

A 3 term contingency refers to a(n)

Interdependence or relationships of contingencies with

ABA is shown that human behavior

Is lawful and subject to scientific investigation

ABA is a scientific approach in that

It experimentally investigates variables that influence behavior

Consistency managers must participate in selecting procedures because

It helps make their consistent implementation more likely

Which of the following is the best example of an operational definition of a behavioral problem?

Joe looks out the window for 50% of this reading time

Identify the statement that is the best description of operationally defined behavior

John has a red face and he perspires when angry

The field of ABA began application to human behavior during the

Late 1950s to early 1960s

A variety of experimental designs can be used to conduct a functional analysis. However, in the review, the design that was used the most was the

Multielement

A student, Michele, was causing a disruption. The teacher yelled at her to be quiet. She stopped her disruption. Yelling at Michele's disruptive behavior, which resulted in Michele' s disruption stopping, involved _____ to teacher's yelling.

Negative Reinforcement

Sue is sitting in front of the TV. Her brother can't see his program. He hits her and she leaves crying. The term one would use to describe the function of hitting on watching TV (Sue's behavior) in the above example is?

Negative reinforcement

An applied behavior analysis program tends to incorporate of which of the following

Observable behavior, operationalized socially important behaviors, data from lab studies, and an evaluation design

At the school level, who or what is responsible for primary prevention

PBST

ABA procedures are relevant to

People who have psychotic diagnoses as well as business managers

Distinguishing features of ABA?

Performance based, analytical and contextual, and socially important

A student, Michele was causing a disruption. The teacher yelled at her to be quiet. She stopped her disruption. Over time, it's discovered that Michele's disruptions are increasing even though the teacher keeps yelling at her when she is disruptive. It appears that the teacher's yelling is ______ Michele's disruptions

Positive Reinforcing

Primary prevention attempt to

Prevent discipline problems from occurring in the 1st place

Which of the following is NOT a constructive guideline for preventing the misuse of ABA procedures?

Primary caretakers should be trained to keep clients with mental disorders or retardation from becoming familiar with behavioral procedures

Technological

Procedures are clearly and objectively defined

Conceptually Systematic

Procedures have a direct tie to the principles of behavior analysis

Behaviors in a response class

Produce the same reinforcement under similar circumstances

A positive behavior support team is necessary because it

Promotes staff support and sustainability of school-wide discipline or behavior management programs.

Positive Reinforcement

Providing or adding a consequence that increases or maintains the behavior

An SDp is an antecedent stimulus in which

Punishment occurred as a result of the response

Jean will lift 750 Ibs, with her legs 15 times ever day for 2 weeks. The underlined part is an example of

Rate

Treatment Integrity

Refers to the program being implemented as planned, is related to intervention effectiveness, and is related to contextual fit

There are a # of different types of discriminative stimuli due to what the individual's experience has been with the response-consequence pairings in the presence of specific antecedents. An SDr is an antecedent stimulus in which

Reinforcement occurred as a result of the response

Which of the following is NOT a factor related to treatment integrity?

Reinforcer satiation

A parent said, "Joey, come here" and Joey went to the parent and received a hug. The parent's request of, "Joey, come here," served as an

SDr

Functional analyses can be used to discover the function of the following behaviors

SIB, aggression, property destruction

Most of the studies included in the review included multiple conditions that were tested for each behavior. One of the conditions includes

Social-positive reinforcement

Which of the following is sufficiently operational and measurable?

Speaking audibly in class

When changing unwanted behavior, the behavior analyst

Teaches alternative replacement behaviors

Which of the following can be considered a stimulus?

Temperature, Question/response, and a dream

A major difference between the PBST and the SST is

The SST conducts regular screening while the PBST determines the areas of need within the school

Informed consent is likely NOT to involve which of the following?

The client's emotional state

Environment is

The context in which the behavior occurs

A constructive approach usually includes

The identification of current effective repertoires

Stimulus generalization is said to occur when

The response occurs in the presence of a variety of stimuli that share certain characteristics

Parsimony

The simplest theory that fits the facts of a problem is the one that should be used

Behavior Analysis

The study of the functional relations between behavior and environmental events

A teach asked Maria, "What is 3x3?" Maria responds "6." The teacher then asks Tyrone, "what is 3x3?" He responds "9." The teacher then says, "Yes, that's correct Tyrone. Maria, what is 3x3?" Maria responds "9," and receives praise. In this example

The teacher is attempting to develop 3x3 into an SDr for Maria to say 9 and an S? for saying 6

How does behavior analysis handle such concepts as anxiety, mind, thinking, intelligence, free will, creativity, and attention?

Through operational definitons

Select the true statement

Training, inspiration, and initial commitment without follow-up support are usually worthless

Behavior analysts must tailor behavior-change programs to the unique behaviors, environmental variables, assessment results, and goals of each client

True

True or False: Functional analysis methodology reemphasized the importance of applied research in contributing to an understanding of the determinants of behavior as the basis for identifying effective treatments that produce generalized results

True

True or false: There is an increasing trend in the # of articles published with functional analysis data

True

One way to avoid potential conflict in the selections of behavioral goals which might involve individual value judgements is to

Use a behavioral contract

To inform clients, advocates, supervisors, and others of the results of a behavioral program:

Use the client's or advocate's vocabulary whenever possible.

Functional Analysis methodology identifies ______ that influence the occurrence of problem behavior

Variables

Whose name is associated with methodological behaviorism?

Watson

ABA is applied to individuals' behaviors

With autism, developmental disabilities, and those who are normal

Extinction involves

Withholding the reinforcement from the behavior's occurrence

In a functional analysis, test conditions involve some potentially relevant independent variable (e.g., contingency between problem behavior and access to toys), whereas ______ conditions are generally constructed so that the same independent variable is absent

control

The description of program objectives and the means by which they will be accomplished is a(n) _____ process throughout the duration of the client-practitioner relationship

ongoing

A stimulus class is

A group of stimuli that have a common effect on behavior

Negative punishment involves

A loss of reinforcement occurs contingently to following the behavior that reduces the behavior

Scientific Method

A method of research in which a problem is identified, data gathered, a question formed and tested (hypothesis)

ABA primarily attempt to

Alter an individual's behavior

The definition of stimulus is

An object or event that may influence behavior

To familiarize yourself with the client's setting, it is helpful to

Analyze and possibly adjust current operating systems, involve key people, determine available resources, analyze function of current contingencies

The functional analysis model described by Iwata (1982/1994) tests all 3 aspects of the behavioral contingency, which include

Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence

Which of the following is a facet of ABA?

Applied and Behavioral

Which of the following is NOT an element of ABA?

Applied, Behavioral, and Conceptual

Unconditioned respondents

Are reliably elicited by stimuli that preceded those behaivors

Which of the following is NOT likely to be part of the same response or operant class?

Asking

The 1st step in setting up a staff development program is to

Assess the system

If contingency managers are to implement a program that they have been trained to implement during a workshop, the actual implementation must

Be followed-up with on-the-job support and feedback

If teachers are to implement a program that they have been trained to implement during a workshop, the training must

Be followed-up with on-the-job support and feedback for program implementation

Informed consent of significant others is recorded on a(n)

Behavioral contract

The school wide Positive Behavior Support Team (PBST) and the Student Success Team (SST) are similar and/or different in that

Both the PBST and SST address student academic and behavior needs; but the PBST designs intensive and early intervention programs for a small percentage of students who are at-risk for severe academic or behavior problems.

The school wide Positive Behavior Support Team (PBST) and the Student Success Team (SST) are similar and/or different in that

Both the PBST and SST address student academic and behavior needs; however, the PBST identifies staff skilled in conducting functional and mental health assessment

When this article came out, most of the studies used _____ functional analyses, and only a few used _____functional analyses. However, now a days, more and more clinicians are replying on this methods of functional analysis, which can be done in a single outpatient session.

Brief; full

The Constructional approach

Builds behavior or teaches what to do

Which of the following is NOT a major decision making criterion used by applied behavior analysts in goal selection?

Can the behaviors be treated as they arise with whatever means are available?

Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of ABA?

Concerned with inner processes

Behavior analysts design behavior-change programs that are conceptually ____ with behavior-analytic principles

Consistent

Kelly will reduce her stutter by 50% when speaking with her boss in his office. The underlined part is an example of a

Context/ condition

The person who typically systematically applied behavioral procedures, or is primarily responsible for doing so, is called a (an):

Contingency Manager

In the practice of staff development, all the following techniques are helpful except

Continuously increasing the amount of reinforcement given to staff

ABA focuses on objective and observable behavior because

Covert behavior is difficult to study scientifically

Analytical

Demonstrates functional relationships

Effective

Demonstration of socially significant behavior change

The term contingency refers

Dependencies or relationships between behavior and its antecedents and consequences

Empirical

Derived from, or guided by experience or experiment

The term reinforcement is used to

Describe both a process and procedure

An applied behavior analysis program tends to incorporate all but which of the following

Diagnostic categories

The studies included in the functional analysis review (and most, if not all, functional analyses for that matter) required that the behaviors be

Directly observed