EAB3764 Exam 1
Determinism
Doctrine that acts of the occurrences in nature, or social or psychological phenomena are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws
Unconditioned stimuli
Elicit behavior without any prior learning history
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 basic communications techniques used to facilitate joint goal and intervention selection?
Empathy
Forms a basis for ABA?
Empirical, Determinism, and scientific method...
Which of the following does NOT form a basis for ABA?
Existentialism
Generality
Extension of behavior across time, setting, or other behaviors
Behavioral change
Focuses on observable events
Applied
Focuses on socially significant behaviors
During training of program implementers, which is most important to sustaining program implementation
Follow-up support and feedback from significant others
Maria will reduce her instances of blushing by 80% in a social situation. The underlined part is an example of a
Goal
A major goal of applied behavior analysis is to
Help individuals function more independently without outside interference
Mark's IEP states that he will learn 3 signs in sign language. Which of the following is a likely foundational skill for this behavior?
Imitation
A 3 term contingency refers to a(n)
Interdependence or relationships of contingencies with
ABA is shown that human behavior
Is lawful and subject to scientific investigation
ABA is a scientific approach in that
It experimentally investigates variables that influence behavior
Consistency managers must participate in selecting procedures because
It helps make their consistent implementation more likely
Which of the following is the best example of an operational definition of a behavioral problem?
Joe looks out the window for 50% of this reading time
Identify the statement that is the best description of operationally defined behavior
John has a red face and he perspires when angry
The field of ABA began application to human behavior during the
Late 1950s to early 1960s
A variety of experimental designs can be used to conduct a functional analysis. However, in the review, the design that was used the most was the
Multielement
A student, Michele, was causing a disruption. The teacher yelled at her to be quiet. She stopped her disruption. Yelling at Michele's disruptive behavior, which resulted in Michele' s disruption stopping, involved _____ to teacher's yelling.
Negative Reinforcement
Sue is sitting in front of the TV. Her brother can't see his program. He hits her and she leaves crying. The term one would use to describe the function of hitting on watching TV (Sue's behavior) in the above example is?
Negative reinforcement
An applied behavior analysis program tends to incorporate of which of the following
Observable behavior, operationalized socially important behaviors, data from lab studies, and an evaluation design
At the school level, who or what is responsible for primary prevention
PBST
ABA procedures are relevant to
People who have psychotic diagnoses as well as business managers
Distinguishing features of ABA?
Performance based, analytical and contextual, and socially important
A student, Michele was causing a disruption. The teacher yelled at her to be quiet. She stopped her disruption. Over time, it's discovered that Michele's disruptions are increasing even though the teacher keeps yelling at her when she is disruptive. It appears that the teacher's yelling is ______ Michele's disruptions
Positive Reinforcing
Primary prevention attempt to
Prevent discipline problems from occurring in the 1st place
Which of the following is NOT a constructive guideline for preventing the misuse of ABA procedures?
Primary caretakers should be trained to keep clients with mental disorders or retardation from becoming familiar with behavioral procedures
Technological
Procedures are clearly and objectively defined
Conceptually Systematic
Procedures have a direct tie to the principles of behavior analysis
Behaviors in a response class
Produce the same reinforcement under similar circumstances
A positive behavior support team is necessary because it
Promotes staff support and sustainability of school-wide discipline or behavior management programs.
Positive Reinforcement
Providing or adding a consequence that increases or maintains the behavior
An SDp is an antecedent stimulus in which
Punishment occurred as a result of the response
Jean will lift 750 Ibs, with her legs 15 times ever day for 2 weeks. The underlined part is an example of
Rate
Treatment Integrity
Refers to the program being implemented as planned, is related to intervention effectiveness, and is related to contextual fit
There are a # of different types of discriminative stimuli due to what the individual's experience has been with the response-consequence pairings in the presence of specific antecedents. An SDr is an antecedent stimulus in which
Reinforcement occurred as a result of the response
Which of the following is NOT a factor related to treatment integrity?
Reinforcer satiation
A parent said, "Joey, come here" and Joey went to the parent and received a hug. The parent's request of, "Joey, come here," served as an
SDr
Functional analyses can be used to discover the function of the following behaviors
SIB, aggression, property destruction
Most of the studies included in the review included multiple conditions that were tested for each behavior. One of the conditions includes
Social-positive reinforcement
Which of the following is sufficiently operational and measurable?
Speaking audibly in class
When changing unwanted behavior, the behavior analyst
Teaches alternative replacement behaviors
Which of the following can be considered a stimulus?
Temperature, Question/response, and a dream
A major difference between the PBST and the SST is
The SST conducts regular screening while the PBST determines the areas of need within the school
Informed consent is likely NOT to involve which of the following?
The client's emotional state
Environment is
The context in which the behavior occurs
A constructive approach usually includes
The identification of current effective repertoires
Stimulus generalization is said to occur when
The response occurs in the presence of a variety of stimuli that share certain characteristics
Parsimony
The simplest theory that fits the facts of a problem is the one that should be used
Behavior Analysis
The study of the functional relations between behavior and environmental events
A teach asked Maria, "What is 3x3?" Maria responds "6." The teacher then asks Tyrone, "what is 3x3?" He responds "9." The teacher then says, "Yes, that's correct Tyrone. Maria, what is 3x3?" Maria responds "9," and receives praise. In this example
The teacher is attempting to develop 3x3 into an SDr for Maria to say 9 and an S? for saying 6
How does behavior analysis handle such concepts as anxiety, mind, thinking, intelligence, free will, creativity, and attention?
Through operational definitons
Select the true statement
Training, inspiration, and initial commitment without follow-up support are usually worthless
Behavior analysts must tailor behavior-change programs to the unique behaviors, environmental variables, assessment results, and goals of each client
True
True or False: Functional analysis methodology reemphasized the importance of applied research in contributing to an understanding of the determinants of behavior as the basis for identifying effective treatments that produce generalized results
True
True or false: There is an increasing trend in the # of articles published with functional analysis data
True
One way to avoid potential conflict in the selections of behavioral goals which might involve individual value judgements is to
Use a behavioral contract
To inform clients, advocates, supervisors, and others of the results of a behavioral program:
Use the client's or advocate's vocabulary whenever possible.
Functional Analysis methodology identifies ______ that influence the occurrence of problem behavior
Variables
Whose name is associated with methodological behaviorism?
Watson
ABA is applied to individuals' behaviors
With autism, developmental disabilities, and those who are normal
Extinction involves
Withholding the reinforcement from the behavior's occurrence
In a functional analysis, test conditions involve some potentially relevant independent variable (e.g., contingency between problem behavior and access to toys), whereas ______ conditions are generally constructed so that the same independent variable is absent
control
The description of program objectives and the means by which they will be accomplished is a(n) _____ process throughout the duration of the client-practitioner relationship
ongoing
A stimulus class is
A group of stimuli that have a common effect on behavior
Negative punishment involves
A loss of reinforcement occurs contingently to following the behavior that reduces the behavior
Scientific Method
A method of research in which a problem is identified, data gathered, a question formed and tested (hypothesis)
ABA primarily attempt to
Alter an individual's behavior
The definition of stimulus is
An object or event that may influence behavior
To familiarize yourself with the client's setting, it is helpful to
Analyze and possibly adjust current operating systems, involve key people, determine available resources, analyze function of current contingencies
The functional analysis model described by Iwata (1982/1994) tests all 3 aspects of the behavioral contingency, which include
Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence
Which of the following is a facet of ABA?
Applied and Behavioral
Which of the following is NOT an element of ABA?
Applied, Behavioral, and Conceptual
Unconditioned respondents
Are reliably elicited by stimuli that preceded those behaivors
Which of the following is NOT likely to be part of the same response or operant class?
Asking
The 1st step in setting up a staff development program is to
Assess the system
If contingency managers are to implement a program that they have been trained to implement during a workshop, the actual implementation must
Be followed-up with on-the-job support and feedback
If teachers are to implement a program that they have been trained to implement during a workshop, the training must
Be followed-up with on-the-job support and feedback for program implementation
Informed consent of significant others is recorded on a(n)
Behavioral contract
The school wide Positive Behavior Support Team (PBST) and the Student Success Team (SST) are similar and/or different in that
Both the PBST and SST address student academic and behavior needs; but the PBST designs intensive and early intervention programs for a small percentage of students who are at-risk for severe academic or behavior problems.
The school wide Positive Behavior Support Team (PBST) and the Student Success Team (SST) are similar and/or different in that
Both the PBST and SST address student academic and behavior needs; however, the PBST identifies staff skilled in conducting functional and mental health assessment
When this article came out, most of the studies used _____ functional analyses, and only a few used _____functional analyses. However, now a days, more and more clinicians are replying on this methods of functional analysis, which can be done in a single outpatient session.
Brief; full
The Constructional approach
Builds behavior or teaches what to do
Which of the following is NOT a major decision making criterion used by applied behavior analysts in goal selection?
Can the behaviors be treated as they arise with whatever means are available?
Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of ABA?
Concerned with inner processes
Behavior analysts design behavior-change programs that are conceptually ____ with behavior-analytic principles
Consistent
Kelly will reduce her stutter by 50% when speaking with her boss in his office. The underlined part is an example of a
Context/ condition
The person who typically systematically applied behavioral procedures, or is primarily responsible for doing so, is called a (an):
Contingency Manager
In the practice of staff development, all the following techniques are helpful except
Continuously increasing the amount of reinforcement given to staff
ABA focuses on objective and observable behavior because
Covert behavior is difficult to study scientifically
Analytical
Demonstrates functional relationships
Effective
Demonstration of socially significant behavior change
The term contingency refers
Dependencies or relationships between behavior and its antecedents and consequences
Empirical
Derived from, or guided by experience or experiment
The term reinforcement is used to
Describe both a process and procedure
An applied behavior analysis program tends to incorporate all but which of the following
Diagnostic categories
The studies included in the functional analysis review (and most, if not all, functional analyses for that matter) required that the behaviors be
Directly observed
