Earth and Space 2nd Semester Exam

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How are seas different from oceans?

Seas are smaller and mostly landlocked

What causes the seafood to spread?

drifting continental crust

Which of the following weather hazards involves lack of moistures?

drought

What causes lightning

friction between updraft and downdrafts in a cumulonimbus cloud

Narrow bands of fast, high altitude westerly winds are called

jet streams

What type of climate is common in the southeastern US

temperate

The rotation of Earth on its axis creates

the Coriolis effect

When the Moon, Earth and Sun are aligned, large tidal ranges called ______ occur

neap tides

What is the thermocline?

A transitional layer in the ocean where temperature decreases rapidly with depth

Scientists warn that elevated levels of greenhouse gases in Eath's atmosphere are causing global warming. One consequence of this problem that can already be seen is _________

All above

What is the first step of thunderstorm formation?

An abundant source of moisture in the lower atmosphere

What is the cause of ocean layering?

Density differences

During the time of Pangea, what had the greatest impact on Earth's climate?

It was a time of a giant global ocean

What is the study of Earth's magnetic record?

Paleomagnetism

The supercontinent from Wegener's theory of continental drift is called

Pangea

What sparks the development of a tornado

Strong downbursts

Why is Earth surface warmer at the equator than at the poles?

The equator receives more direct sunlight than the poles

What happens to air in the tropics as it is warmed and water evaporates

The resulting warm, moist air rises and cools

At what latitudes is ocean water most warmed by the sun?

a temperature latitudes

In ________ warm air is squeezed upward between two cold air masses

an occluded front

At what level is the water density highest?

at the bottom, where water is in contact with the seafloor

Which gas in the atmosphere has been increasing significantly because of humans burning of fossil fuels

carbon dioxide

what two topographic features of the ocean flood were discovered only with the use of sonar?

mid-ocean ridges and deep-sea trenches

The tremendous amount of heat within Earth powers

plate tectonics

The geologic features on the ocean flood in this region resulted from

rising convection currents in the magma

What type of thunderstorms are tornadoes associated with?

supercells

Much of Earth's internal heat comes from _________

the decay of radioactive elements

What is the convergence of the trade winds from both hemispheres called?

the intertropical convergence zone

When did the first modern oceanographic expedition occur?

the late 1800's

What wind system occurs at 30 degrees north and south of the equator

the trade winds

What is the average salinity of ocean water?

35 ppt

Where do tectonic plates interact?

At plate boundaries

Where are the youngest rocks on the seafloor located

At the mid-ocean ridges

Which factors directly influences local weather and climates?

Mountains and prevailing winds

An expedition finds a sample in the rock on the seafloor though to be 4 million years old. What was the polarity of the Earth at that time , according to the figure?

Reversed

Which climate region is typically located between 20N and S of the equator

Temperate continental

What is the primary difference between weather and climate

Weather refers to the short-term state of the atmosphere and climate refers to the ling-term conditions

This table shows the Fujita Tornado Intensity Scale According to this table what causes the damage during a tornado?

Winds

Greenhouses gases in the atmosphere _____

absorb UV light but transmit only infrared light

Wagner proposed that the continents were

floating on top of oceanic crust

The ______ states that Earth's crust and ridged upper mantle are broken into plates that move at different rates and in different directions

theory of plate tectonics

The area of the globe that receives the most solar radiation year round is called the _________

tropics

Currents in the oceans flow, at different depths, both toward and away from the tropics. What are the main causes oft this layering of ocean currents?

water temperature and salinity

Rocks close to mid-ocean ridges are _______ rocks from mid-ocean ridges

younger than


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