Earth and Space science notes

Name the three main layers of Earth

Core, crust and mantle

Where do most volcanoes form?

Volcanoes on land form in Hawaiian Islands chain and the Emperor

Explain how earthquakes waves are generated by an earthquake.

When the forces build up to be greater than the strength of the rocks, the rocks break causing an earthquake. The sudden release of energy as rocks rupture causes intense vibrations called seismic/earthquakes waves

What are hot spots? Provide an example of a hot spot on Earth

A fixed source of abundant rising magma. Deep beneath Hawaii

What has caused the "zebra" pattern in the rock of the ocean floor?

A magnetic reversal happens. The iron then, lines up in the opposite direction.

Asthenosphere

A slow flowing part of the mantle

What is an earthquake?

A sudden motion or shaking of Earth as rocks break along an extensive surface within Earth

Where do most volcanoes occur? explain your answer.

Along the edges of oceanic and continental plates the outside layer of the plant is made out of several pieces called plates the plates under the oceanic plates and the rest are continental plates.

What is the Ring of Fire and where is it located?

Area surrounding the Pacific Ocean where a large numbers of volcanoes and earthquakes occur due to subduction

How does Earth's magnetic field result in stripes at the bottom of the ocean?

As Earth's magnetic field change new crust is formed make different directions iron and nickel are attached to Earth's magnetic field.

What difficulties do you have finding the latitude and longitude of the volcanoes and earthquakes?

Depending on where the latitude and longitude of the earthquake and volcano.

Name the three types of boundaries between lithosphere plates

Divergent, convergent and transform boundaries.

True of false False

Do deep earthquakes occur at mid-ocean ridges

What is the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere?

Lithosphere is in earth's crust and the uppermost part of the mantle(rigid) asthenosphere lower part of Earth's mantle that can flow very slowly (plastic)

What evidence do geologists have that volcanoes occur on the ocean floor

Magma from deep in the earth rises up into the rift valley to form volcanoes under the sea. Volcanoe rocks on the floors are evidence that volcanoes appear underwater than on land

How do studies of the magnetism of rocks on the seafloor provide evidence that the surface of Earth moves over time?

Rocks makes up the seafloor has iron in it and as the mid ocean ridge cools little pieces of iron "line up" with Earth's magnetic field and then they stay like the magnetic field is preserved and the seafloor spread. The youngest rocks are located at mid ocean ridge. Oceanic crust is younger than continental.

How are rift valleys formed?

The deep central cleft in the middle ocean ridge

What is the relationship between the focus and the epicenter of an earthquake?

The focus is where Rapture occurs within the earthquake The epicenter the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus

What is the significance of the patterns of offsets along mid-ocean ridges?

The large plates of rock slides overbEarth's mantle over the years The poles then expand

Mantle

The most outer layer of Earth's crust

Which crust is younger? Continental or oceanic

The oceanic crust is younger than continental crust (200 million years vs. 3.8 billion years)

Outer core

The outer layer of Earth's core

How is sea floor spreading supported?

The youngest rocks are located at mid ocean ridges

Define seafloor spreading and explain how it occurs?

The youngest rocks at located at mid ocean ridge. New ocean floor is being created at mid ocean ridge as magma rises to the surface cools ocean floor is moving, then the continent are probably moving too. Divergent boundaries older rock away from ridge New looks closer to the ridge.