Earth Science Chapter 2
3) ________ is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater, and this mildly reactive substance aids chemical weathering.
Answer: carbonic acid
11) Rock salt and rock gypsum are examples of ________ sedimentary rocks.
Answer: chemical
13) Heat, confining pressure, differential stress, and ________ are four agents that drive metamorphic reactions.
Answer: chemically active fluids
10) The difference between a breccia and a conglomerate is ________.
Answer: conglomerates have rounded grains; breccias have angular grains
6) The rock ________ is a description of how one rock may be transformed into another kind of rock through various internal and external processes.
Answer: cycle
12) When a granite pluton (formed deep underground) is uplifted and exposed at the surface, it may undergo sheeting to form a(n) ________.
Answer: exfoliation dome
2) Obsidian is characterized by its ________ texture.
Answer: glassy
5) In contact metamorphism, ________ is the dominant agent of change.
Answer: heat
8) Chemical sedimentary rocks form when ________ in solution precipitate out mineral matter.
Answer: ions
4) Before it can be sedimentary rock, sediment must be produced (weathered from pre existing rocks), transported, deposited, and ________.
Answer: lithified
7) A detrital sedimentary rock dominated by sand is a(n) ________.
Answer: sandstone
1) Granite and gabbro have a similar ________.
Answer: texture
Which of the following is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock?;
gneiss
7) Because of its rock cleavage, slate makes a better roofing material than rock gypsum.
Answer: TRUE
8) Coal is a sedimentary rock that is made of organic matter.
Answer: TRUE
9) Layers in sedimentary rocks are called ________.
Answer: beds
14) Confining pressure results from ________ of rocks.
Answer: burial
5) Which one of the following is a sedimentary rock? A) limestone B) rhyolite C) slate D) quartz
Answer: A
13) Given the right conditions any kind of rock can be transformed into any other kind of rock.
Answer: TRUE
2) All varieties of limestone are dominated by the mineral calcite.
Answer: TRUE
3) Frying an egg is a non geological example of contact metamorphism.
Answer: TRUE
16) Three of the following statements about mechanical weathering are true. One is false. Which statement is incorrect? A) Mechanical weathering does not affect metamorphic rocks. B) Mechanical weathering produces smaller pieces. C) Mechanical weathering does not change the rock's mineral composition. D) Mechanical weathering adds to the effectiveness of chemical weathering.
Answer: A
2) An igneous rock that cools rapidly is likely to have ________ crystals. A) small B) medium sized C) large D) pink
Answer: A
20) Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified and named principally on the basis of ________. A) grain size B) location C) rock color D) composition
Answer: A
21) Which rock type is most likely to have been deposited in a high energy environment (such as a very turbulent stream)? A) conglomerate B) shale C) chert D) microcrystalline limestone
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis 14) Chemical weathering would be most effective ________. A) in a warm, wet climate B) in a cold, dry climate C) in a warm, dry climate D) deep beneath a mountain range
Answer: A
Consult the image that depicts Bowen's reaction series. What can be said of the temperature at which a granite crystallizes? A) Granite crystallizes at temperatures of about 750° C. B) Granite crystallizes at temperatures of about 900° C. C) Granite crystallizes at temperatures of about 1200° C. D) Nothing can be deduced from this chart about the crystallization temperature of any igneous rock.
Answer: A
10) Granite is ________. A) what countertops are made of B) coarse grained and dominated by quartz and feldspar crystals C) coarse grained and dominated by olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase feldspar crystals D) fine grained and dominated by quartz and feldspar crystals
Answer: B
18) Which kind of rocks may contain fossils? A) igneous B) sedimentary C) metamorphic D) minerals
Answer: B
19) Most rock outcrops (about 75% of the total) are ________. A) igneous B) sedimentary C) metamorphic D) fossil bearing
Answer: B
24) Regional metamorphism occurs during ________. A) intrusion of magma B) mountain building C) sheeting of exposed plutons of granite D) chemical weathering of limestone in caves
Answer: B
7) Rocks that contain crystals that are roughly equal in size and can be identified with the unaided eye are said to exhibit a ________ texture. A) fine grained B) coarsegrained C) glassy D) porphyritic
Answer: B
8) Magma that might have cooled slowly to produce a diorite is instead erupted at Earth's surface. It would chill rapidly and produce a(n) ________. A) rhyolite B) andesite C) basalt D) granite
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis 4) Which one of the following is an igneous rock? A) limestone B) rhyolite C) slate D) quartz
Answer: B
Examine the rock sample here. Did it form at the surface or below the surface, and how do you know? (large grain size) A) It formed at the surface, because of its color (composition). B) It formed at the surface, because of its texture (grain size). C) It formed below the surface, because of its color (composition). D) It formed below the surface, because of its texture (grain size).
Answer: B
11) To transform an igneous rock into a sedimentary rock, which of the following processes must take place? A) melting and recooling, followed by crystallization B) chemical reactions under conditions of elevated temperature or pressure C) weathering, transport, deposition, and lithification D) impact by a meteorite
Answer: C
6) Which one of the following is a metamorphic rock? A) limestone B) rhyolite C) slate D) quartz
Answer: C
In general, which of the statements below best describe what happens in terms of composition as crystallization proceeds down the Bowen's reaction series (shown in the figure)? A) The early formed silicates are enriched in iron and magnesium, resulting in such rocks as andesite and granite. As crystallization proceeds, the later formed silicates are enriched in sodium, potassium, and silicon, resulting in peridotite and basalt. B) The early formed carbonates are enriched in calcium and carbonate, resulting in such rocks as limestone. As crystallization proceeds, the later formed carbonates are enriched in fossils, resulting in fossiliferous limestone and coquina. C) The early formed silicates are enriched in iron and magnesium, resulting in such rocks as peridotite and basalt. As crystallization proceeds, the laterformed silicates are enriched in sodium, potassium, and silicon, resulting in andesite and granite. D) The early formed silicates are enriched in sodium, potassium, and silicon, resulting in such rocks as peridotite and basalt. As crystallization proceeds, the later formed silicates are enriched in iron and magnesium, resulting in andesite and granite.
Answer: C
What form of physical weathering is shown in this image? A) frost wedging B) sheeting C) root wedging D) hydrolysis
Answer: C
1) An igneous rock that shows a vesicular texture ________. A) contains many small holes, like Swiss cheese B) must be extrusive C) must be fine grained D) all of the above
Answer: D
15) A crystal of potassium feldspar (KAlSi3O8) will produce a variety of weathering products after it is weathered. Which of the following is NOT a product that results from the weathering of potassium feldspar? A) silica B) potassium ions C) clay minerals D) iron oxides
Answer: D
22) The skeletal remains of plankton make up the sedimentary rock ________. A) flint B) breccia C) travertine D) chalk
Answer: D
23) Which of the following rock types represents the highest grade of metamorphism? A) slate B) phyllite C) schist D) gneiss
Answer: D
9) Which igneous texture is characterized by two distinctively different crystal sizes? A) finegrained B) coarse grained C) glassy D) porphyritic
Answer: D
14) Rusting is an example of mechanical weathering.
Answer: FALSE
15) Slate is a common nonfoliated metamorphic rock.
Answer: FALSE
5) Confining pressure produces foliated metamorphic rocks.
Answer: FALSE
6) The parent rock of marble is sandstone.
Answer: FALSE
9) Mud cracks and ripple marks are common features of igneous rocks.
Answer: FALSE
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis 4) In order to metamorphose, metamorphic rocks must melt.
Answer: FALSE
This photo shows a conglomerate.
Answer: FALSE
10) Compaction and cementation are the most common forms of lithification.
Answer: TRUE
11) All metamorphic rocks began as other rocks ("parent rocks") that were then subjected to elevated temperatures or pressures.
Answer: TRUE
12) A large proportion of feldspar sets arkose apart from regular sandstone.
Answer: TRUE
Exfoliation domes are formed from which of the following processes
sheeting