Earth System and Carbon Cycle
example of exchanging matter example of exchanging energy
--someone sneezing on you - snot = matter --feeling someone's body heat
carbon is the ____th most abundant element in the universe
4
Which of the following is a technique used by geoscientists to measure the movement of carbon within the Earth system? LiDaR photogrammetry INSAR magnetic survey
LiDaR
Which of the following describe how carbon can become stored in Earth's geosphere? Water evaporates from the ocean and move to the atmosphere. Rocks weather release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Photosynthesizing organisms die, accumulate, and are turned into fossil fuels over millions of years. Photosynthesizing organism pull carbon dioxide from the ocean to create carbonate shells.
Rocks weather release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Based on the video, which of the following statements would more accurately describe the carbon cycle? The carbon cycle is a term developed by geoscientists to quantify the burning of fossils fuels The carbon cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that moves carbon-based molecules between the different spheres and reservoirs among the Earth system. The carbon cycle is the human process of burning fossils fuels. The carbon cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that moves matter between the different spheres and reservoirs among the Earth system.
The carbon cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that moves carbon-based molecules between the different spheres and reservoirs among the Earth system.
keeling curve
a graph made over the span of 50 years that shows the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
system
a set of things working together as a part of a mechanism or an interconnecting network
carbon transfer: atmosphere to hydrosphere
air-sea gas exchange
carbon transfer: hydrosphere to atmosphere
air-sea gas exchange
what spheres interact as part of the carbon cycle
all 4
hydrosphere
all earth's fresh and saline liquid water
biosphere
all living things
Where does most of the carbon trapped in ocean sediments and rocks originate?
atmosphere
amount of carbon in spheres from least to greatest
atmosphere biosphere hydrosphere geosphere
identify different reservoirs within the carbon cycle
atmosphere ocean sediments crust rainforest soil
what sphere experiences the greatest amount of relative flux
atomosphere
Which two spheres exchange matter when you breathe?
atomosphere and biosphere
Which of the following spheres would contain all of the Earth's plants?
biosphere
is carbon found in living or nonliving things
both
hydrosphere: co3 combines with _____ to make ________
calcium calcite
atmosphere: has a small amount of
co2
biosphere: what in soil has carbon
decaying organic material, fungi, bacteria
what roles do humans play in the carbon cycle
deforestation and burning fossil fuels increases CO2 uptake into the atmosphere; eating bc all organic molecule's bases are carbon
carbon cycle
earth process of where carbon goes and how it moves from one pool to another
cryosphere
earths water that is trapped in sea ice, permafrost, and glaciers
carbon is found in all of our main sources of _____
energy
When we burn fossil fuels we create new carbon that becomes part of the atmosphere. TrueFalse
false
when we burn fossil fuels, we create more carbon that is added to the carbon cycle T/F
false
Which of the following terms is used to characterize the flow of matter from one reservoir to another?
flux
for reservoir to stay same...
flux in = flux out
water as a reservoir
flux in: rain and rivers flux out: evaporation
The geoscientists talked about "fast" and "slow" carbon. What feature of Earth systems science are alluding to? closed systems open systems flux of energy and matter spheres
flux of energy and matter
where is alot of carbon in the geosphere; what sphere does it have more carbon than
fossil fuel reserves biosphere
carbon transfer: geosphere to atmosphere
fossil fuels, consumption, deforestation
open system
freely exchanges both matter and energy with its environment
carbon is found in the atmosphere as a _____; example
gas co2
atmosphere
gases that surround planet from the surface to space
what sphere experiences the slowest flux
geosphere
which spheres decrease in carbon each year
geosphere
which spheres increase in carbon each year
hydrospehere biosphere atmosphere
calcium is important in which sphere
hydrosphere
which sphere comprises groundwater
hydrosphere
4 spheres of earth
hydrosphere: water and ice; atmosphere: gas, biosphere: organisms and soil, geosphere: rocks and minerals
co2 goes into and out of atmosphere how
into- forest fires and decomp of organic materials out of- photosynthesis
closed or open systems: lake; sealed balloon; thermos of hot soup; flower
lake: open (water evaporates; transferring heat to fish) sealed balloon: closed (nothing going in or out; energy- molecular energy inside) thermos of hot soup: closed (still loses heat to environment; we could pour out but that doesn't count for matter) flower: open
Our planet is better understood as a series of unique and complex spheres continually exchanging ....
matter and energy
how carbon is measured
measure whats stored in trees satellite info field word - species and trees
satellite info measures carbon by
measuring how much time it takes LIDAR pulses to get back to sensor from being shot down to earth
biometry
measuring living things
flux
movement of matter and energy between spheres or between reservoirs within a sphere
closed system
only exchanged energy with its environment (no exchange of matter)
a glass of salt water sitting on a table in your house is a _______ system
open water gonna evaporate into gas
open and closed system examples
open: ocean closed: earth
what part of the geosphere is the earths largest carbon resivoir
partly the rocks that remain in it
atmosphere --> biosphere thru
photosynthesis
carbon transfer: atmosphere to biosphere
photosynthesis
fast moving carbon is stored in what thru what to make what
plants photosynthesis carbs
biosphere: plants and carbon
plants take in carbon from environment thru photosynthesis and combine w others rto create carbs needed for energy
humans change where carbon is and what form its in thru
pollution exhaust cutting down trees
Which of the following things do not contain carbon? atmosphere insects ham sandwich pyrite (iron sulfide)
pyrite
identify one exchange of matter or energy that occurs rapidly within the carbon cycle and one slowly
rapidly: burning of fossil fuels; photosynthesis slowly: decaying organisms
flux =
rate of flow
movement of matter
rate of flow into and out of the 4 resivoirs
carbon transfer: biosphere to atmosphere
respiration of plants, soil, microbes
hydrosphere: when micro organisms die and are buried and compacted into rock under sea floor .... carbon moves where now
rock limestone geosphere
This class will focus a lot on the geosphere. Which of the following components are not part of the geosphere? !!!! Rocks Mantle Soil Forests
rocks
geosphere:
rocks, soil, mantle, core
hydrosphere: calcite forms builds
shells and microscopic organisms
slow carbon
slow over time atmosphere to ocean photosynthesis thru plankton and bigger animals eating them and dying and decaying on bottom of ocean to get locked into ocean sediments
biosphere: _____ has more carbon than plants
soil
the rate of flux varies drastically between _____ as well and with different types of _____
spheres; matter
in the natural world, a _______ system is uncommon, however scientists often make assumption of a closed system when an ________ amount of matter is exchanged
truly closed insignificant
carbon transfer: atmosphere to geosphere
weathering of rocks and minerals