earth science exam 1
Which of the following best explains how a tephra deposit forms?
Airborne ash and rocks from a volcanic eruption remain suspended in the air for a long time before eventually settling to the ground in a new location far from the volcano.
In which layer does mantle convection occur?
Asthenosphere
How are sills and lapoliths similar?
Both form from magma that flows horizontally.
Which force from the asthenosphere is responsible for isostatic uplift?
Buoyancy
Which type of volcano is formed from alternating layers of lava and ash?
Composite volcano
Which type of stress is shown in the image?
Compression stress
Which force is responsible for pulling a plate downward into the asthenosphere?
Gravity
What is typically responsible for forming volcanic island chains in the oceans?
Hot spot volcanism
Mafic lava tends to have low silica content. Based on this, which of the following statements about mafic lava is most likely true?
It contains fewer volatile gases.
What phenomenon is responsible for hot spot volcanism?
Mantle plumes
The theory of plate tectonics suggests that about 200 million years ago, all of Earth's land was confined to a single continent called
Pangaea.
Which natural process is responsible for ridge push?
Seafloor spreading
Which type of stress is shown in the image?
Shear stress
Which type of volcano has gentle slopes and forms at a divergent plate boundary?
Shield volcano
Which of the following must be balanced for a portion of the lithosphere to reach isostatic equilibrium?
The buoyant force from the asthenosphere and gravity
When two plates form a subduction zone, which plate will subduct?
The denser plate
Earth's crust is part of which of Earth's layers?
The lithosphere
Which process is used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
Triangulation
What can cause the eruption from a shield volcano to become explosive?
Water accumulated in the vent
An enormous wave generated by an earthquake beneath the seafloor is known as a
tsunami.
