Earth Science: Exogenic Processes [FINALS]
SCRAPE the land, ERODE rocks and sediments, CARRY these, LEAVE them somewhere else
4 things which Glaciers could do
Mass Movement
Mass wasting is also known as? (this is a natural hazard that can cause damage to life and property)
T
T or F: As glaciers spread out over the surface of the land (grow), they can change the shape of the land
Higher
a ______ surface area of a rock could break down faster
Glacier
a permanent body of ice, which consists largely of recrystallized snow and shows evidence of movement due to gravity
Mass Wasting: because of the pull of gravity
how do rocks and soil move downslope?
9%
how many percent does water expand in volume during Frost Wedging?
Granite
in Hydrolysis, _____ changes into clay
Water Eorsion
is caused by the detachment and transport of soil by rainfall, runoff, melting snow or ice, and irrigation
Deposition
is the dropping off of sediments that have been weathered and eroded - the process in which sediments settle out of the transporting medium
Increased Steepness and Water, Decreases Vegetation and Earthquakes
mass wasting could cause (4)
Exfoliation
occurs where there is dramatic changes in temperature: rocks expands in heat, contracts in coldness. The process repeats and eventually, the outer layers of these rocks will strip away
Frost Wedging
process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.
Oxidation
reaction of oxygen with minerals in the rocks; characterized by red, orange, and yellow stains that look like rust
Tropical Regions
rocks in _________ exposed to abundant rainfall and hot temperatures weather much faster than those in dry, cold regions
Salt Wedging
salt left behind from evaporated water collects and pries apart rock openings
Carbonation
water breaks down mineral grains into the elements that make them up
Hydration
water reacts chemically with the rock, modifying its chemical structure - water is absorbed into the crystal structure of the mineral, causing it to expand
Glacial, Desert, Lake, River, Delta, Beach, or Shallow/Deep Marine Environment
what are the Sedimentary Environments?
Hydrolysis
when water reacts with the minerals and breaks them down
Erosion
is the transportation of sediments that have been broken down by weathering processes - the separation and removal of weathered rocks and soil due to gravity or transporting agents like wind, ice, or water
Wind Erosion
it detaches soil and transports them by wind
H20 added to CaSO4 (calcium sulfate), what does it create?
Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate
Dissolution
Carbonation is also known as?
Hot and Wet
Carbonation occurs much faster in ____ and ____ areas
Calcium Carbonate
Carbonic Acid reacts with the _____ in stones when it seeps into the cracks
Gravity and Transporting Agents
Erosion separates and removes rocks due to which factors?
Anhydrite to Gypsum
Hydration Example (for two rocks)
Root Wedging
In this type of physical weathering, the roots of a plant (typically a tree) wedge into a crack in a rock and, as the plant grown, splits the rock.
Hot and Dry
Not much weathering happens in ___ and ___ areas
Disaggregation
Physical / Chemical Weathering is also known as?
Increase
Physical Weathering may ________ the rate of Chemical Weathering
Soil Loss, Dryness, and Deterioration of Soil Structure and Nutrient
Wind Erosion could results to (3)
Flat and Bare Areas or Dry, Sandy, And Loose Soil
Wind Erosion commonly occurs in? (5)
Land and Natural Vegetation
Wind Erosion could damage? (2)
Human Activities
a type of Physical Weathering which could be done by blasting or digging in order to create homes, roads, subways, or quarry stones
Carbonic Acid
a very weak acid formed in solution when carbon dioxide dissolves in water
Surface Area
as rocks breaks into smaller pieces, the overall _______ ____ increases (more surface area exposed, there are more space where chemical weathering could occur)
Weathering
breaking down and changing of rocks as a result of exposure to the environment
Climate, Hardness and Surface Area
factors affecting Weathering
Chemical Weathering
the altering of rocks as a result of exposure to different substances
Sedimentary Environment
the areas where sediments are deposited
Physical Weathering
the breakdown of rocks into sediments without changing their composition
Mass Wasting
the downslope movement of rock, soil, and ice due to the force of gravity
Water
the most common agent of erosion since it can pick-up millions of tons of sediments every day
Feldspar
the most common example of Hydrolysis
Slightly Acidic Water
the process of Hydrolysis occurs faster in?
Hard Rock
these rocks (sandstone) could wear slower
Soft Rock
these rocks (such as Shale) could wear faster
High Temperature and Greater Rainfall
these specific factors (2) increase the rate of chemical weathering
Mechanical Weathering
this is another term for Physical Weathering
Deep Ocean
this is the world's largest depositional environment
Sandstorm
this phenomenon in the desert is one example which transports lots of sediments for hundreds of kilometers