Earth Science: Exogenic Processes [FINALS]

SCRAPE the land, ERODE rocks and sediments, CARRY these, LEAVE them somewhere else

4 things which Glaciers could do

Mass Movement

Mass wasting is also known as? (this is a natural hazard that can cause damage to life and property)

T

T or F: As glaciers spread out over the surface of the land (grow), they can change the shape of the land

Higher

a ______ surface area of a rock could break down faster

Glacier

a permanent body of ice, which consists largely of recrystallized snow and shows evidence of movement due to gravity

Mass Wasting: because of the pull of gravity

how do rocks and soil move downslope?

9%

how many percent does water expand in volume during Frost Wedging?

Granite

in Hydrolysis, _____ changes into clay

Water Eorsion

is caused by the detachment and transport of soil by rainfall, runoff, melting snow or ice, and irrigation

Deposition

is the dropping off of sediments that have been weathered and eroded - the process in which sediments settle out of the transporting medium

Increased Steepness and Water, Decreases Vegetation and Earthquakes

mass wasting could cause (4)

Exfoliation

occurs where there is dramatic changes in temperature: rocks expands in heat, contracts in coldness. The process repeats and eventually, the outer layers of these rocks will strip away

Frost Wedging

process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.

Oxidation

reaction of oxygen with minerals in the rocks; characterized by red, orange, and yellow stains that look like rust

Tropical Regions

rocks in _________ exposed to abundant rainfall and hot temperatures weather much faster than those in dry, cold regions

Salt Wedging

salt left behind from evaporated water collects and pries apart rock openings

Carbonation

water breaks down mineral grains into the elements that make them up

Hydration

water reacts chemically with the rock, modifying its chemical structure - water is absorbed into the crystal structure of the mineral, causing it to expand

Glacial, Desert, Lake, River, Delta, Beach, or Shallow/Deep Marine Environment

what are the Sedimentary Environments?

Hydrolysis

when water reacts with the minerals and breaks them down

Erosion

is the transportation of sediments that have been broken down by weathering processes - the separation and removal of weathered rocks and soil due to gravity or transporting agents like wind, ice, or water

Wind Erosion

it detaches soil and transports them by wind

H20 added to CaSO4 (calcium sulfate), what does it create?

Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate

Dissolution

Carbonation is also known as?

Hot and Wet

Carbonation occurs much faster in ____ and ____ areas

Calcium Carbonate

Carbonic Acid reacts with the _____ in stones when it seeps into the cracks

Gravity and Transporting Agents

Erosion separates and removes rocks due to which factors?

Anhydrite to Gypsum

Hydration Example (for two rocks)

Root Wedging

In this type of physical weathering, the roots of a plant (typically a tree) wedge into a crack in a rock and, as the plant grown, splits the rock.

Hot and Dry

Not much weathering happens in ___ and ___ areas

Disaggregation

Physical / Chemical Weathering is also known as?

Increase

Physical Weathering may ________ the rate of Chemical Weathering

Soil Loss, Dryness, and Deterioration of Soil Structure and Nutrient

Wind Erosion could results to (3)

Flat and Bare Areas or Dry, Sandy, And Loose Soil

Wind Erosion commonly occurs in? (5)

Land and Natural Vegetation

Wind Erosion could damage? (2)

Human Activities

a type of Physical Weathering which could be done by blasting or digging in order to create homes, roads, subways, or quarry stones

Carbonic Acid

a very weak acid formed in solution when carbon dioxide dissolves in water

Surface Area

as rocks breaks into smaller pieces, the overall _______ ____ increases (more surface area exposed, there are more space where chemical weathering could occur)

Weathering

breaking down and changing of rocks as a result of exposure to the environment

Climate, Hardness and Surface Area

factors affecting Weathering

Chemical Weathering

the altering of rocks as a result of exposure to different substances

Sedimentary Environment

the areas where sediments are deposited

Physical Weathering

the breakdown of rocks into sediments without changing their composition

Mass Wasting

the downslope movement of rock, soil, and ice due to the force of gravity

Water

the most common agent of erosion since it can pick-up millions of tons of sediments every day

Feldspar

the most common example of Hydrolysis

Slightly Acidic Water

the process of Hydrolysis occurs faster in?

Hard Rock

these rocks (sandstone) could wear slower

Soft Rock

these rocks (such as Shale) could wear faster

High Temperature and Greater Rainfall

these specific factors (2) increase the rate of chemical weathering

Mechanical Weathering

this is another term for Physical Weathering

Deep Ocean

this is the world's largest depositional environment

Sandstorm

this phenomenon in the desert is one example which transports lots of sediments for hundreds of kilometers