Earth System Science - Chapter 5

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Convergent Plate Boundary

Formed when two lithospheric plates move toward each other

How are strike-slip faults formed?

Shear forces form them

The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a _____________ zone?

Sliding zone

What type of fault is the San Andreas Fault?

Strike-slip fault - when the plates slide sideways past each other and eventually slip, rocks break, causing earthquakes.

What occurs when one plate moves underneath another?

Subduction

What kind of forces cause normal faults?

Tension forces

What forms normal faults

Tension stresses in the lithosphere

Which mountain range is formed as a result of rifting?

The Panamint Range

What happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate?

The denser oceanic plate slides under the less dense continental plate

How can Earth's plates move?

They can collide, pull apart or slide against each other.

San Andreas Fault

Transform Plate Boundary that is located between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate. (also a strike-slip fault)

Divergent Plate Boundary

When two lithospheric plates are moving, or pulling apart. Most divergent plate boundaries occur at mid-ocean ridges

How can crust disappear at the edge of a boundary?

because new crust is being added to the other edge of the boundary

What happens when the Pacific Plate moves?

earthquakes; mountains are pushed up; and basins drop down

Volcanoes can be formed where subduction occurs, because of ______ that occurs in the plate that is sinking

melting

Subduction

process, in which one plate is forced down into the mantle beneath another plate.

What produced the active volcano Lassen Peak

the collision of the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate

Continental Rifting

the process that pulls a continent apart

What are strike-slip faults?

A boundary where rocks on opposite sides of the fault move in opposite or the same directions at different rates/speeds.

Fracture

A break, or crack, in rock

Rift Valley

A long, flat narrow valley forms as the hanging wall blocks slip down because divergent plate boundaries are formed where tension stresses cause the lithosphere to stretch and become thinner

What is a transform boundary?

A transform boundary is when two plates slide past one another.

Why are so many mountains in California?

California is on a plate boundary

The transform plate boundary in California goes out to sea north of _________?

Cape Mendocino

Names the types of stress?

Compression; Tension; and Shear

Fault

If the rocks on one side of a fracture have moved relative to the rocks on the other side, the fracture is a fault

What happens to rock around a subducting slab?

It goes under the other plate.

What is formed when two plates collide?

Mountains

A divergent boundary is a boundary between two plates that

Move away from each other

Do two colliding continental plates always cause volcanoes?

No, usually no subduction occurs when continental plates collide

Name the types of faults

Normal; Reverse; and Strike-Slip

What plate is most of California located on?

Pacific Plate

What is primarily responsible for shaping California's landscape?

Plate movements

Compression forces cause what type of faults?

Reverse

What is the Gulf of California an example of?

Rift Valley

What is the difference between normal faults and rift valleys?

Rift valleys are formed from normal faults.


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