Eat Right Prep
ways to evoke change talk
"What would be the advantages of making the change?" "How do you want your health to improve?" "What's worked for you before?"
Which is the best question to ask when gauging a patient's level of commitment?
"Which part of what we discussed are you ready to do?"
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan is a system that identifies, evaluates, and controls hazards that are significant for food safety. The steps in order are:
(1) Conduct a hazard analysis. (2) Determine critical control points. (3) Establish critical limits. (4) Establish monitoring procedures. (5) Identify corrective actions. (6) Verify that the system works. (7) Establish procedures for record keeping and documentation.
The steps in developing a professional development portfolio are
(1) reflect on professional practice to establish professional goals, (2) conduct a learning needs assessment to identify what you know now and what you need to learn to reach goals, (3) develop a learning plan that shows how goals will be met, (4) implement learning plan, and (5) evaluate learning plan outcomes.
According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, which indiciduals should be prescribed a statin
-Individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) elevations > 190 mg/dL -Individuals 40 to 75 years of age with diabetes and LDL-C between 70 and 189 mg/dL -Individuals with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)
1 mcg DFE = _______from dietary supplements consumed with food.
0.6 mcg folic acid
The indicator head of a bimetallic stemmed thermometer ranges from
0˚F to 220˚F.
How many carbohydrate servings, or exchanges, are in a meal comprising 1 cup granola, 1 cup skim milk, and 1 small banana
1 cup granola = 60 g carbohydrate. 1 cup milk = 15 g carbohydrate. 1 small banana 15 g = carbohydrate. 60 + 15 + 15 = 90 g carbohydrate. With 1 carbohydrate serving = 15 g, there are 6 carbohydrate servings in this meal (90/15).
amylopectin
1,4 α glucosidic linkages in addition to 1,6 α glucosidic linkages
This enzyme found in the kidney is needed for the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to the active form.
1- hydroxylase
stage 1 pressure ulcer protein needs
1.1-1.2
Calculate the solvency ratio for an organization with the following liabilities and assets: Liabilities = $580,696 Assets = $760,786
1.31 assets to liabilities
The foodservice management team has agreed to upgrade the coffee service area to include an imported ESK4-220V espresso machine at a cost of $4,500.00. The estimated gross income from the machine is $3,365.00 a year with a profit margin of 72%. What would be the payback period for this equipment purchase?
1.86 years First calculate the actual profit from the equipment: $3,365 x 0.72 = $2,422.80 (profit). Then divide initial investment by expected yearly income (profit) to calculate the payback period in years: 4,500.00/2,422.8 = 1.86 years.
Cho exchange for english muffin, mashed potatoes, banana, and popcorn
1/2 English muffin, 1/2 cup mashed potatoes, 3 cups popped popcorn, or 1 small (4 oz) banana has approximately 15 g carbohydrate.
People remember ____ of what they read, ____ of what they hear, ___ of what they see, ___ of what they hear and see, ___ of what they themselves say, and ___ of what they themselves say and do.
10% (read), 20% (hear), 30% (see), 50% (hear and see), 70% (what they themselves say), 90% (say and do)
A foodservice has a 35% labor cost, 23% fixed costs, and a desired profit of 12%. Given a raw food cost of $4.55, what would be the selling price of an item when rounded to $0.99 on the dollar?
100% - (35% + 23% + 12%) = 100 - 70 = 30% sales price = cost / divisor = $ 4.55 / 0.3 = $15.16. Round up to $15.99.
A patient recently diagnosed with acute kidney injury has no evidence of chronic kidney disease but requires hemodialysis. If the patient is a 57-year-old male, weighs 70 kg, has a normal body mass index with no signs or symptoms of malnutrition, and skin is intact, what amount of protein would you recommend?
105 gm
The goal of enteral feeding in the intensive care unit should be _____ of target energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry.
11-14kcal/kg/CBW for BMI 30-50
The Purnell model comprises
12 domains and focuses on primary and secondary features of culture.
What gauge of stainless steel is most common in foodservice operations?
14,16,18
The cook's tally shows 141 grilled chicken breasts for lunch. However, the hospital anticipates a 2% increase in hospital census during this time and the foodservice company restricts food waste to no more than 3% waste. How many grilled chicken breasts does the cook need to make?
145
how many grapes in a CHO serving
15
What is the minimal final rinse temperature for a nonchemical dishwasher?
160
The USDA's current recommendation for making jerky safely is to heat meat to
160°F and poultry to 165°F before the dehydrating process. This step ensures that any bacteria present will be destroyed by wet heat. After heating to 160°F or 165°F, maintaining a constant dehydrator temperature of 130°F to 140°F during the drying process is important because the process must be fast enough to dry food before it spoils and it must remove enough water so that microorganisms are unable to grow.
EAL (2008) recommends ____ plant sterol daily to reduce total cholesterol by 4% to 11% and LDL concentration by 7% to 15%.
2 g to 3 g
Using food-based menu planning, the required portion size for meat/meat alternate served in a reimbursable lunch to students in grades 9 through 12 must be
2 oz
In December 2014, the FDA approved a final rule that calorie and other nutrition labeling would be required for standard menu items offered for sale in a restaurant or similar retail food establishment that is part of a chain with _____ or more locations, doing business under the same name, and offering for sale substantially the same menu
20
For a food to be labeled "high in," "rich in," or an "excellent source" of a nutrient, what percentage of the Daily Value for that nutrient must be present?
20%
The FDA defines the term "gluten-free" to mean that the food bearing the claim contains no more than _____ parts per million (ppm) or _____milligrams (mg) or more gluten per kilogram (kg) of food.
20,20
If you need a saucepan that conducts heat well, which gauge would you choose?
20; The higher the gauge of a saucepan, the thinner the metal.
at sea level water boils at
212, and then any increase in 500 feet elevation decreases the boiling temp by 1 degree (1000 feet above sea level boils at 210)
responsible for the breakdown of the vitamin.
24-hydroxylase
What is the recommended dietary fluid allowance for patients aged 65 years or older?
25 mL/kg
Guidelines to treat disorders of lipid metabolism in patients with diabetes include:
25%-35% of total energy from fat; less than 7% of total energy from saturated and trans fat.
the enzyme responsible for the first required hydroxylation of D3 and is found in the liver.
25-hydroxylase
What percentage of total energy from fat should be provided through an elemental (hydrolyzed) formula to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD)?
3%-4%
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's worst-case projection made in 2010, what proportion of the US adult population will have diabetes by the year 2050?
30%
Nipple feeding is likely to be successful if it is attempted once an infant reaches a gestational age of
32 weeks.
What is the minimum width that aisles should be to accommodate individuals who require wheelchairs in a hospital cafeteria's foodservice line?
34"
When performing a nutritional assessment on a child, head circumference should be measured up to the age of
36 months. - important to measure brain development up to 3 years
According to USDA guidelines, during a power outage the refrigerator should keep food safely cold for about ____ hour(s) and a full freezer will hold the temperature for approximately ______ hours if the door remains closed.
4,48
At what age should peanut-containing foods be introduced to an infant whose family has a history of peanut allergy but no history of eczema?
4-6 months
HFCS 42
42% fructose 58% glucose; baked goods, canned fruits, condiments, and dairy products
What is the price of the edible portion (EP) of ground beef if the as purchased (AP) price is $3.99 per pound and the waste is 36%.
AP price / EP yield = EP price
What is the term for having an active interest in and making an effort to understand another person's perspective?
Accurate empathy
As you are taking the nutrition history of a 60-year-old obese male (body mass index 39) referred to you for weight management, his wife states he snores loudly, is often sleepy during the day, and will often doze off in the evening while watching cable TV. You also observe that he has a large neck circumference. What is your first step?
Administer the STOP-BANG test to assess for sleep apnea
To improve the balance of food groups and align the WIC program with the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, all of the following changes in WIC have been made EXCEPT
Amount of juice provided to infants has increased
Which of the following is a main component of continuous quality improvement (CQI)?
Data collection
In what marketing lifestyle group are consumers categorized if they are young, impulsive, and seek variety, excitement, and risky activities?
Experiencers' Innovators are described as having high income and high self-esteem. Makers tend to be lower income, have a focus on self-sufficiency, and are family oriented. Achievers are successful individuals who also tend to have higher incomes.
Which "leadership powers" tend to be related to subordinate satisfaction and performance?
Expert, referent
Break-even point
Fixed costs/1 - (variable costs/sales)
Which dish machine would be most efficient and effective for use in high-volume foodservice operations?
Flight-type continuous conveyor
. Which phrase best describes a leader?
Copes with change, empowers, perseveres
Compared to a non-leader, which grouping of words best describes a leader?
Copes with change, empowers, perseveres
Which type of athlete is most likely to benefit from glycogen loading?
Cross-country skier
Q. To prevent deterioration of canned sauces, which should be used?
Cross-linked starch When you cross-link starch, a chemical bond takes place between the starch chains. By cross-linking the starch, you get the following properties (compared to native starch): shorter texture, stability at low pH values, and heat/shear stability.
The Campinha-Bacote health care-centered model comprises five interdependent constructs: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural encounters, cultural desire, and _____.
Cultural skill
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) inhibits which enzyme to reduce inflammation?
Cyclooxygenase Cyclooxygenase—COX 1 and COX 2—are blocked by NSAIDs.
Agenda mapping typically occurs in the _____ process of motivational interviewing.
Focusing
Which agency would regulate the manufacturing of chicken noodle soup?
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) responsible for the inspection of meat and poultry, as well as all products made from them.
Which governmental agency administers the Interstate Travel Sanitation program, which allows agents to inspect foodservice on interstate carriers such as boats, planes, and trains?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Practices and associated attitudes that predetermine what, when, why, and how a person eats is referred to as
Food habits
Your facility has experienced a major flood, which affected the Food and Nutrition Services Department in the basement. All of the following should be thrown out EXCEPT:
Foods with retort pouches
What is the purpose of a tabletop drill in a foodservice organization?
For emergency preparedness
The RDN developed a learning activity that asks clients to circle the foods that contain carbohydrate. This is considered a _____ type of assessment
Formative
Which food is likely to be irradiated to inhibit deterioration due to mold formation?
Fresh strawberries Fruits and vegetables are prone to destruction by mold. Irradiation prolongs shelf life of many fruits and vegetables by reducing growth of spoilage bacteria and mold and by inhibiting sprouting and maturation.
What decision-making technique focuses on the highest gains with the smallest amount of losses, regardless of what the competitor does?
Game theory
a hormone secreted in the stomach that is involved in the production of gastric acid.
Gastrin
Of the following foodborne microorganisms, which of the following is considered a parasite?
Giardia duodenalis
Which of the following glucose-lowering medications would require patient education about treatment of hypoglycemia?
Glimepiride (Amaryl) - this is a secretagogue, which means it stimulates the pancreas to make insulin
What is the name of the transporter that distributes fructose to different tissues in the body?
Glut-5
Which of the following diabetes medications should not be prescribed to an elderly person as it has a higher risk of severe prolonged hypoglycemia and is listed in the 2015 Beers criteria?
Glyburide
Which of the following is not characteristic of the catabolic phase of metabolism?
Glycolysis
The Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAANP) provides _____. program?
Grants to support nutrition services at the state level for individuals older than 60 years of age
Which of the following equations were used in the development of the US Dietary Guidelines and MyPyramid?
IOM Estimated Energy Requirement
Which of these methods is an acceptable method for cooling food?
Ice cubes added to the food item Ice water bath Blast chiller
is transference of one's experiences onto another individual, for example, "I've been there, let me tell you my story."
Identification with client
Q. Which of the following reflects long-term folate status?
Red blood cell folate
What characteristic is KEY to an efficient and effective system?
Interdependency of parts
Which is the first document used in the purchasing process?
Requisition an internal form used by a foodservice manager to request items from the purchasing manager or department within his or her facility. Then the purchasing manager will write up a purchase order and give it to the supplier, who supplies the foods and invoices the purchasing manager for the shipment.
Which of the following food would be recommended for a patient being treated for gastroparesis?
Rice
used for formulating the RDA
Schofield equation
Which of the following is a secondary characteristic of culture?
Socioeconomic status
Baking powder usually consists of sodium bicarbonate and another salt such as ________. The sodium bicarbonate releases carbon dioxide at low temperatures.
Sodium aluminum sulfate
Q. Which foods should not be consumed by people with compromised immune systems?
Soft cheeses such as feta or brie
What feeding regimen is appropriate for a patient who is NPO for >5-7 days with pancreatitis?
Standard isometric
Q. Which federal regulation requires that any intended use of color additives in meat, meat food products, or poultry products subjects the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) inspection include a petition filed with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
Standard of Identity
During a nutrition counseling session with a patient, the patient states: "I'd really like to eat healthier, but I can't because my toddler only wants to eat pizza and macaroni and cheese." In motivational interviewing, this statement is an example of:
Sustain talk
Which of the following statements is true with regard to NPI (national provider identifier)?
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics encourages all RDNs to obtain an NPI even if they don't believe they are going to use it
What is an organizational chart for?
It delineates employees in the organizational hierarchy
Q. Which of the following is true of "Ask Me 3"?
It is intended for patients to become more active members of their health care team
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a cohort study
It is rarely possible to study the mechanism of a disease.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using reflective listening?
It is useful when you want to ask a client to begin taking action
Which of the following would be a characteristic of a flavor enhancer?
It will be present at sub-threshold levels.
optimal LDL and total cholesterol levels
LDL <100 total cholesterol <160
What is the recommendation for a patient who has tested positive for a soy allergy based on a blood test but does not react when consuming tofu, even in larger amounts?
Limit tofu to once per month because eating it frequently might promote a reaction
Which of the following terms is not defined by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use on a food label?
Low sugar
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an individual with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)?
Macrocephaly
Which approach would be most appropriate for a manager to take when initiating several complex, stressful, and simultaneous changes within a short period of time?
Make all decisions with available information and use autocratic management for change.
Which of the following roles would be the charge of an information manager?
Monitor, spokesperson, disseminator
What organization creates national standards for foodservice equipment?
NSF - American National Standards Institute
Which of the following populations has the highest prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes?
Native Americans
What have studies in the areas of literacy and special education shown about the use of drawings vs. photographs?
Neither is necessarily more effective than the other.
Interpersonal communication models encourage dietetics practitioners to respond in certain ways. Which of the following approaches best describes the preferred response?
Neutral rather than empathetic
For a food to be labeled "light" or "lite," how many calories can it contain?
One-third fewer calories than the regular food
What is the most effective test to screen cystic fibrosis patients for diabetes?
Oral glucose tolerance
Which of the following classes of medication would require patient education on recognition and treatment of low blood glucose?
Oral hypoglycemic agents
Which of the following weight management medications could complement a weight management nutrition intervention for a child age 12 years or younger?
Orlistat
What term is used to indicate the monetary value of a property or business beyond any amounts owed?
Owner's equity - Monetary value of a property or business beyond debts
he best tool for evaluating print and audiovisual patient education material for its understandability and "actionability."
PEMAT (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool)
Which health education planning model demonstrates that lasting behavior change is voluntary and must include input from the client?
PRECEDE-PROCEED
Which of the following components comprise the core of motivational interviewing?
Partnership, acceptance, compassion, and evocation
Q. What is another name for high-pressure processing?
Pascalization high-pressure processing, is a method of preserving and sterilizing food, in which a product is processed under very high pressure, leading to the inactivation of certain microorganisms and enzymes in the food.
Which pectic substance found in mature fruits loses its ability to form a gel?
Pectinic acid
Ribose is synthesized by which of the following pathways?
Pentose phosphate pathway
What is the best way to determine the type of nutrition program that will attract baby boomers who use a city recreation center?
Perform a needs assessment of baby boomers who use the facility.
A child with phenylketonuria has deficiency of which enzyme?
Phenyalanine hydroxylase
calcium in yogurt and milk
Plain yogurt has 450 mg calcium/cup and would require 3 cups to meet the RDA. Milk has 300 mg calcium/cup and would require 4 cups to meet the RDA.
Which of the following is true of Mexican-American culture?
Polite, agreeable, and respectful interactions are the cornerstone of the culture.
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of an individual's health status?
Poor health literacy skills
Where in a cooler would you store raw eggs?
Poultry, including raw eggs, should be stored on the bottom shelf.
Inadequate weight gain and a low-birth-weight infant are of concern in which population?
Pregnant adolescents
When using the Nutrition Care Process, what does the dietetics professional use to describe alterations in the patient's/client's nutritional status?
Problem or nutrition diagnosis labels
You are developing a heart disease prevention program for a worksite and need to locate several nutrition research articles. The best database to use is:
Pub Med
REALM
REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine) evaluates health literacy
Which of the following is a true statement regarding organic foods?
Raw or processed agricultural products in the organic category may contain up to 5% non-organic ingredients allowed per the National List.
. Which of the following is NOT considered a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's dual theory of motivation/hygiene?
Recognition According to Herzberg, hygiene factors do not motivate but simply prevent employee dissatisfaction and act as a precondition for motivation. In Herzberg's theory, salary, company policy, and working conditions are all hygiene factors, whereas recognition is a motivator.
Fatty acid catabolism involve three stages.
The first stage of fatty acid catabolism is beta-oxidation. The second stage is acetyl coA oxidation to carbon dioxide. The third stage is electron transfer from electron carriers to the electron transfer chain.
Q. What is the role of the liver in fat metabolism?
The liver is needed for fat absorption from the small intestine
In the context of community nutrition program planning, the term "management" refers to two types of structures needed to implement the program.
The personnel structure consists of employees responsible for overseeing the program and determining if it meets its objectives; the structure of the data management system is the manner in which data are recorded or analyzed.
What is the meaning of "saponify"?
To turn fat into soap by reaction with an alkali
Which natural colorant might be added to pickles?
Turmeric
When a person has phenylketonuria, which amino acid becomes essential?
Tyrosine Phyenylalanine is converted to tyrosine by phenylalanine hydrolase, a missing enzyme in individuals with PKU; therefore, tyrosine is an essential amino acid for these individuals.
Inspection of fish and fish products, which are not subject to mandatory grading, is overseen by
USDC's National Marine Fisheries Service.
Which of the following is a limitation of 24-hour recalls?
Underreporting or overreporting occurs
What name is given to standard methods of accounting and presentation of financial statements that provide comparability of financial data within an industry?
Uniform systems of accounts
The Fried criteria require that three of the five following criteria are present for a diagnosis of frailty:
Unintended weight loss (measured as 10 pounds or more lost in 1 year), weakness (measured as grip strength in lowest 20% at baseline using dynamometer), exhaustion (self-reported exhaustion, identified by 2 questions on CES-D scale), slow walking speed (measured as slowest 20% of population at baseline based on 15 feet timed walk, and low physical activity level (based on weighted score of energy expended per week calculated from patient report of physical activity)
Within the first few weeks of life, what is the average recommended number of feedings for an infant in a 24-hour period?
Until lactation is well established and infants are demonstrating adequate weight gain, infants should be fed every 2 to 3 hours and should receive 8 to 12 feedings in 24 hours.
The Joint Commission outlines patient safety goals annually. Which of the following are patient safety goals in an outpatient setting?
Use medications safely, identify patients correctly, prevent infections
Which of the following is not true of kosher food practices?
Use of only one dedicated set of dishes and pots and pans that have been blessed by a rabbi is required.
a bacteria commonly linked to oysters from contaminated water.
Vibrio vulnificus
What happens to pancreatic exocrine secretion during the fasted state?
Volume decreases The pancreas continues to secrete a basal flow of exocrine secretions during the fasted state. For example, basal insulin secretions continue during the fasted state to assist with the maintenance of blood glucose values.
Which of the following is NOT included in assessment of functional status in older adults to perform daily activities to meet basic needs and live independently?
Walking
When performing nutrition screening of pediatric patients, which of the following would identify a patient at risk according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart ?
Weight for length/height below the 3rd percentile
Which of the following are the correct CDC growth charts to use in a child care center for assessing the growth of a 6-year-old boy?
Weight-for-age and stature-for-age charts
In which of the following situations does Joint Commission require the performance of a nutritional assessment or screen?
When warranted by the patient's needs or condition
Q. Which of the following is true about cutting boards?
Wooden cutting boards should be made from hardwood such as maple or oak.
The NDTR receives information from the patients about food temperatures. The line cooks receive information from the RDN about recipe modifications. The health inspector provides an assessment of the dishroom. Are these interactions examples of feedback?
Yes, because feedback can be from the internal and external environments.
The best studied and most frequently recommended weight-loss dietary strategy is:
a low-fat, reduced-energy diet.
ozone
a safe, powerful disinfectant used by the food industry because of its ability to disinfect microorganisms without adding chemical by-products to the food being treated, to the food processing water, or to the atmosphere in which food is stored.
high acid foods should be canned using
a water bath canner
The indispensable amino acids are
arginine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, proline, and tyrosine.
A university operates food kiosks containing items that are purchased prepared and require minimal cooking before service. What name is given to this type of foodservice operation?
assembly/serve
very low food security
at times during the year, eating patterns of one or more or household members were disrupted and food intake reduced because the household lacked money and other resources for food. Very low food security involves hunger while those experiencing low food security are able to use strategies to avoid hunger.
The most important, fundamental key when menu planning is
knowing the audience.
Initially, a dietetics professional undertaking Nutrition Diagnosis as part of the Nutrition Care Process should identify and _____ a specific nutrition problem that he or she is responsible for treating independently.
label
Which of the following is considered to be the most expensive category of cost in a foodservice operation?
labor
breast milk is rich in
lactose Lactose enhances absorption of calcium in breastmilk.
When utilizing support personnel in the delivery of customer-centered care, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Standards of Professional Performance state that the registered dietitian nutritionist is expected to utilize support personnel in accordance with
law, regulations, and organization policies.
Public health policy is generally created by
legislators
The process of transforming inputs into outputs in foodservice involves
linking, managing, and building functional subsystems.
If a _____ deficiency is corrected, an adult with heart failure may reduce the risk of tachycardia?
magnesium Research suggests magnesium supplementation may reduce ventricular ectopic beats, couplets, episodes of non-specific ventricular tachycardia, or premature ventricular contractions.
DASH diet is rich in
magnesium, potassium, calcium, protein, and fiber
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) performs quantitative (yield) grading only for
meat USDA is responsible for overseeing all quality and yield standards and inspection for meats. The USDA conducts quality grading for eggs and sets quality standards for fruits and vegetables, nuts, and other dairy products; the FDA oversees quality grading for milk.
The sentence "We will produce nutritious, high-quality food that meets our customers' needs for service within 30 minutes" is a
mission statement
Umami is a savory taste that is enhanced by the addition of _______, which has no distinct flavor of its own.
monosodium glutamate
glycemic index can be affected by
nature of the CHO, rate of digestion, presence of other food components and rate of clearance from blood stream
subtracts expenses from gross profit
net profit
does a legal definition exist for functional foods?
no
2 components of dietary fiber
non starch polysaccharides, lignin (which is woody tough tissue)
Components of an emergency preparedness plan include all of the following EXCEPT _____.
number of patients. The plan may include menu, equipment for lack of electricity, gas, or water.
During which step in the Nutrition Care Process is it important to evaluate the patient's/client's status compared to specified criteria?
nutrition assessment
Which of the steps in the Nutrition Care Process is a systematic method for obtaining, verifying, and interpreting data needed to identify nutrition-related problems?
nutrition assessment
linolenic acid
oils, nuts and seeds, soybeans
Monounsaturated fatty acids include vegetable oils such as
olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, and sesame oil. Safflower oil has 10.1 g monounsaturated fat per tablespoon. Canola oil has 8.3 g monounsaturated fat per tablespoon. Olive oil has 9.8 g monounsaturated fat per tablespoon. Sunflower oil has 7.7 g monounsaturated fat per tablespoon. Soybean oil has 5.8 g monounsaturated fat per tablespoon. Corn oil has 3.7 g monounsaturated fat per tablespoon.
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the American Heart Association's Salty Six foods?
olives
In 2013, changes were made to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) that have resulted in RDN's needing to modify the way that they conduct business to remain compliant. These changes are collectively known as the
omnibus rule
Q. Which of these contains prebiotic?
onions naturally occurring inulin is particularly rich.
expenses
operating costs
Strategic management of a foodservice system means
organization and environmental analysis to achieve goals.
H2 --> 2 e- + 2H+
oxidation
Which of the following would be covered by the FDA's gluten-free labeling rule?
packaged food including supplements, intended for human consumption that fall under the labeling jurisdiction of the FDA. It does not cover foods regulated by the USDA (including processed egg products, poultry, and meat), alcoholic beverages regulated by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, cosmetics, or medications.
Q. Successful family-based group intervention programs that target reducing overweight in school-age children include:
parent training, dietary counseling/nutrition education/physical activity counseling, and behavioral counseling.
Q. Overeating and poorer self-regulation of energy intake in preschool-age children is associated with:
parents assuming control of food portions and coercing children to eat.
The IOM defines health care quality as care that is
patient-centered, equitable (no disparities), timely, safe, effective, and efficient.
used in food, particularly jams and jellies, as a gelling agent.
pectin
____ must be up to date and reflect consistent expectations
personnel policies
The chlorophyll in spinach degrades to an olive-brown compound known as __________ during the canning process.
pheophytin - acidic
Which ingredient used in cola beverages has been shown to negatively affect cardiovascular function?
phosphate has been shown to impair endothelial cell function in the vascular system. "Free" (unorganically bound) phosphate that is added to food is very efficiently absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, unlike organically bound phosphate that occurs naturally in protein-dominant foods and some grain foods.
forms of vitamin K
phylloquinone and menaquinone
ascending order of Maslow's hiearchy of needs are
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
"Blue zones"—5 populations with a high number of centenarians— follow this eating pattern most often.
plant-based diet. Plant-based diets are low in energy; nutrient dense; and high in vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. The five locations in the blue zones are Okinawa, Japan; Sardinia, Italy; Loma Linda, CA; the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica; and Ikaria, Greece.
Cultural competence has been described as a set of congruent attitudes, behaviors, and _____.
policies
Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of this protein, which is important for vision.
rhodopsin
Which of the following is used to estimate body surface area related to severity of burns?
rule of nines
According to the Joint Commission, which of the following is fundamental to cost-effective performance improvement?
safety
Of the fats/oils listed, safflower oil has a smoke point of ___, peanut oil has a smoke point of ___, olive oil has a smoke point of ____, and shortening has a smoke point of ____
safflower- 513 peanut oil - 453 olive oil - 375 shortening - 356-370
a hormone formed by the epithelial cells of duodenum under stimulus of acid contents from stomach, which incites secretion of pancreatic juice.
secretin
Which of these food products is made primarily from wheat?
seitan
. What kind of service is a traditional cafeteria?
self-service
A class of food additives known as _____ can be added to food to react with trace metals in foods, forming tightly bound complexes, thereby preventing the decomposition of the food.
sequestrants The sodium and calcium salts of EDTA are common sequestrants in many kinds of foods and beverages.
components of meta analysis
similar design, defines inclusion, and is peer reviewed.
A key factor in reaching populations with low literacy is _____.
simplicity
Ecchymosis and petechiae are
small, purple spots that flat to the touch; larger are called ecchymosis. Petechiae are reddish, brown or blue spots usually occurring around the mouth or eyelids. Petechiae, ecchymosis and purpura are signs of vitamin C and K deficiencies.
Listeriosis can be avoided if pregnant women avoid the following food.
smoked fish
_____ sampling is a method whereby name of prospective interview subjects for a statistical study are obtained from subjects already interviewed
snowball
Of the following, which is the type of skill that must develop within and be nurtured in both the personal and professional life of a manager?
soft skills - hard skills can be taught
Tempeh and miso are made from ____. Lecithin added to US food products is typically derived from ___.
soy
The primary safeguard of foodservice quality is adherence to_____.
specifications - a concise description of the quality, size, and weight or count factors desired for a particular item.
A calibrated device used to measure height is called a _____.
stadiometer
Which of the following sweeteners is made with rebaudioside A?
stevia
In a nutrition diagnostic statement, signs and symptoms refer to:
subjective and objective data used to determine if the nutrition diagnosis is accurate
what is this "I really want to improve my lunch choices by packing my own lunch, but I am afraid Il miss the social time with my coworkers"
sustain talk
In a taste test evaluation, which of the following foods would have a notable "astringency" as part of its "flavor" profile?
tea
conflict between nursing personnel and food and nutrition personnel over responsibility of patient tray service occurs because
the interface between subsystems is often marked by tension.
A foodservice director using a systems approach to evaluate the effect of a new tray delivery service on the dishroom and the nurses' stations is considering
the internal and external environments.
Using the First In, First Out system, the inventory should be valued at the price of
the most recent purchase
Irrespective of whether a substance is deemed to be GRAS or if its safety is established through a premarket approval process, the safety determination is always limited to
the substance's intended conditions of use.
When sugar is added to a dough or batter mixture,
the sugar will compete with the starch for the water in the dough or batter. Reducing the amount of available water will slow gluten development and will increase mixing (manipulation) times for the dough or batter.
As fruit ripens
there is maximum protopectin present; thereafter, it breaks down to pectin, pectinic acid, and, finally, pectic acid, and the fruit softens as the adhesive between the cells breaks down. Fruit that is just underripe or just ripe contains the highest level of pectin that the fruit is going to reach; past that, the pectin levels will decrease.
The facility is planning a kitchen upgrade and the chef requests a number of pieces of equipment that would best allow for flexibility in menu item preparation methods. Soups, stews, and pasta dishes are very popular menu items. The concern is that there is limited space to work with. Which of the following pieces of equipment would best serve the facility in terms of functionality and space?
tilting skillet
The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), signed into law by President Obama on January 4, 2011, enables the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to
to better protect public health by strengthening the food safety system. It allows FDA to focus more on preventing food safety problems, rather than reacting to problems after they occur.
Examples of climacteric fruit
tomatoes, pears, peaches, bananas, apricots, and apples. continue to ripen post harvest
Percent Daily Value is required for
total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, total sugar, added sugars, dietary fiber, protein, vitamin D, potassium, calcium, and iron.
Serotonin, niacin, and melatonin are a product of
tryptophan
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are synthesized from
tyrosine
To avoid contracting Listeria monocytogenes, pregnant women should avoid
unpasteurized milk and cheese
Oxidation primarily occurs with
unsaturated fats
what should you use when cooking anthocyanin veggies and fruits
use stainless steel or heat-safe glass
The management functions of planning, organizing, and staffing are
used to coordinate subsystems to achieve objectives.
One of the key differences in value analysis and value added is
value analysis seeks to reduce costs whereas value added seeks to increase market value.
Foods that are low acid (pH of 4.6 or higher) include ____ and should be preserved using a ____
vegetables, meats, dried beans, and all soups; pressure canner
rickets
vitamin D deficiency
Warfarin acts as a vitamin K antagonist by inhibiting _____.
vitamin K epoxide reductase
Employees should be excluded from working in any type of foodservice establishment if they have any of the following symptoms:
vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart that is used to determine if a child is underweight or overweight plots
weight for stature.
emphasizes weight and weight loss when defining health and well-being,
weight normative
The current energy intake recommendation of 98 kcal/kg to 108 kcal/kg body weight for infants is based on
weight, growth rate, sleep/wake cycle, temperature and climate, physical activity, metabolic response to food, and health status and recovery from illness.
insoluble fiber
whole wheat and rye products
dietetics should be able to utilize food and nutrition management systems, client education materials and ___ after the internship
work with EHR
2 types of meat grading
yield and quality
veal
young calf, flavor is more subtle and less intense, more tender
A thermometer used to measure the temperature of food must be accurate to what temperature?
±2°F
Rosa wants to plan a community nutrition program to encourage children ages 11-15 to consume healthier afterschool snacks. She has reviewed the results of the community needs assessment, defined program goals and objectives, and developed a program plan. Next, she should:
define the management system.
Calculating protein needs above 1.5 g/kg body weight in an elderly patient with stage III pressure ulcer and impaired renal function may cause
dehydration Usually protein intake is increased for patients with pressure ulcers to promote wound healing. In patients who also have compromised renal function, the higher protein concentrations must be monitored to assure that fluids are not pulled from the system, causing dehydration.
B-glucan, cellulose, and lignin are all considered
dietary fibers
Which recipe adjustment method does not require all ingredients to be converted into weights and volumes?
direct reading measurement tables
The wholesalers are _____ in the marketing channel.
distributors
With regard to staff members having and consuming food and beverage items in patient care areas, Joint Commission standards
do not specifically address this issue.
Non-climacteric fruit
doesn't ripen post harvest melons, cherries, citrus fruits, and grapes.
soluble fibers
dried beans, peas, lentils, oats, rice, bran, oranges
The ligament of Treitz ligament marks the separation of the
duodenum and jejunum
the cell number increases as a result of disease or injury
dysplasia and metaphasia
which puts a patient at greatest risk for developing heart disease
elevated LDL-dense particles of cholesterol
Acanthosis nigricans can be caused by
endocrine, metabolic, genetic, and paraneoplastic conditions.
In the ETHNIC model of culturally competent care, the "E" stands for _____.
explanation
Which grain contains gluten and should be avoided by a client with Celiac Disease?
farro Many ancient grains are gluten free, but farro does contain gluten, as it is made from wheat. Teff, quinoa, and millet are all gluten free and are safe for individuals with celiac disease.
What is the main fuel source for patients with liver cirrhosis?
fat Cirrhotic patients have respiratory quotients that are lower than controls after an overnight fast. This indicates that cirrhotic patients are burning more fat as fuel.
ABC Hospital Food and Nutrition Department prepares and delivers meals to other health care operations in a large metropolitan area. Other hospital foodservices in the metropolitan area have recently begun offering meal delivery service. ABC Hospital modified its service to offer home meal replacements to the health care staff in addition to its other meal delivery service. ABC Hospital is using
focus strategy
The practices and attitudes that influence an individual's food choices are known as
food habits.
The six conditions for bacteria growth are
food, acidity, time, temperature, oxygen, and moisture.
Management is equally important in
foodservice and clinical areas of dietetics.
nonglycemic CHO
found in oligosaccharides, resistance starch, and fiber. remains undigested in small intestine and passes into the colon and may be fermented. does not affect blood glucose level
4 categories of cheese
fresh: not aged soft and soft ripened: aged 1-5 months semi-hard and hard: ripened 2-8 months very hard: 3-12 months
Freezer burn is a condition that occurs when
frozen food has been damaged by dehydration and oxidation, due to air reaching the food. It is generally induced by substandard (non-airtight) packaging.
Which additive derived from collagen might be used in a frozen dessert as a stabilizer, thickener, and texturizer?
gelatin
In order to absorb folate consumed from green, leafy vegetables, _________________.
glutamic acid molecules must be removed
federal quality grading for fluid milk
grade A, manufacturing grade (grade B)
Which is an example of a food preserved by lowering the water activity of the food by adding a solute?
grape jelly
What financial information is obtained by subtracting cost of goods sold from total sales in a given period?
gross profit
The most influential perception factor in a person's selection of a particular food is
gustatory (taste)
According to Muslim law, how are properly slaughtered meats labeled?
halal
What type of budget uses the existing budget as a base and projects changes for the ensuing year in relation to the current budget?
incremental
According to the Nutrition Care Process, if a client takes self-prescribed therapeutic doses of vitamin C, this information should be recorded in the _____ section of the Nutrition Diagnosis.
intake
key to an efficient and effective system
interdependency of parts
GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that is produced in the
intestines GLP-1 is synthesized in and secreted from enteroendocrine cells found throughout the small and large intestine. Secretion is upregulated with the presence of food in the GI tract.
sugar solution is boiled with the addition of an acid.
inversion
Freeze-drying
involves freezing the food and then reducing the surrounding pressure to allow the frozen water in the food to sublimate directly from the solid phase to the gas phase.
Resilient flooring
is able to withstand shock without cracking or breaking.
a toxin commonly linked to barracuda, grouper, jacks, snapper.
ciguatoxin
Q. Another name for irradiation is _____.
cold pasteurization
When lactose is poorly digested and absorbed in a person with lactose intolerance, to where does lactose travel in its intact form?
colon
Rosa wants to plan a community nutrition program to encourage children aged 11 to 15 to consume healthier afterschool snacks. Her first step should be to
conduct a community needs assessment.
What kind of agenda is distributed prior to the board before a meeting and is voted on for approval without filing individual motions?
consent agenda The consent agenda is a group of routine business items that are unanimously approved by the board without discussion or individual motions.
the fit between the program and the expected outcomes based on the objectives.
consonance
Iodine deficiency in a pregnant woman can lead to development of which condition in the newborn?
cretinism
Background check my include records related to
criminal, driving, education, and credit history, including bankruptcy
When allergens are transferred from food containing an allergen to the food served to the customer, this is called
cross- contact
Which of the following is a physical link between safe water and dirty water, which can come from drains, sewers, or other wastewater sources?
cross-connection
______can be defined as the accumulation of a group's learned and shared behaviors in everyday life.
culture
Meals that are assembled in one location and transported to another location in the facility define which of the following foodservice systems?
Centralized meal assembly
The World Health Organization growth charts for children younger than age 2 are based on data from
Children from six different countries on different continents
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that affects transport of which mineral across the cell membrane?
Chloride Mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) on chromosome 7 results in the abnormal CFTR protein that transports chloride across the membranes of lungs, liver, pancreas, digestive track, reproductive tract, and skin.
polypeptide hormone produced principally by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats.
Cholesystokinin
Carotenoids are incorporated into _____ within the enterocyte to be taken to the lymph system and eventually the blood.
Chylomicrons Chylomicrons are formed within the enterocyte and carry carotenoids along with triacylglycerols out of the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte and enter the lymph system. Micelles carry carotenoids into the apical membrane of the enterocyte. Retinoic acid can leave the enterocyte and directly enter the blood and travels bound to blood albumin to the liver.
a pancreatic digestive enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of certain proteins in the small intestine into polypeptides and amino acids.
Chymotrypsin
CAC
Codex Alimentarius Commission - The CAC is funded by the FAO and the WHO. The CAC develops international standards and codes to protect consumers. The Codex maintains a standard for labeling of prepackaged foods but the United States is not required by international law to abide by Codex standards.
The Braden scale
an assessment tool for predicting the risk of pressure ulcers, is based on the total scores of the six criteria—sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction.
a parasite commonly linked with cod, halibut, mackerel, and pacific salmon.
anisakis simplex
Q. Shell eggs should be stored at or below
45⁰F.
Dietetics professionals can expect about one in _____ of their clients to have a disability that will require special accommodations.
5
1 cup raw vegetables has
5 g carbohydrate, 2 g protein, 0 g fat, and 25 kcal.
Individuals with intermediate age-related macular degeneration may benefit from a nutrient supplement called AREDS or AREDS2. What is the current formulation of AREDS2?
500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 1 g omega=-3 fatty acids, 2 mg copper, 25 mg zinc, 10 mg lutein, 2 mg zeaxanthin
HFCS 55
55% fructose and 42% glucose; sugary drinks, soft drinks, ice cream, frozen desserts
can be labeled with made with organic
70% of products ingredients meet organic criteria
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates caffeine in soda. A 12-oz can cannot exceed
71 mg caffeine
Dehydrated vegetables have ___ of their water removed and dehydrated fruits have ___ of their water removed.
95%, 80%
Which of the following is the correct Current Procedural Terminology code for Medicare initial individual assessment?
97803 is the code for reassessment; 97804 is the code for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) group; and G0270 is the code for MNT reassessment second referral. The Medicare initial individual assessment code is 97802
In order for a manufacturer to label a food as "healthy," it must contain
<3 g fat; <1g saturated fat; <480 mg sodium; and <60 mg cholesterol.
Who among the following would be the BEST candidate for proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9?
A patient with herterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) PCSK9 inhibitors are expensive medications that can significantly reduce LDL.
role of folate in the body
A role of folate in the body is to break down homocysteine. Without adequate levels of folate, homocysteine accumulates.
Which of the following statements is valid regarding the use of nutrition labels in a restaurant?
An item listed as "low fat" on the menu must be substantiated upon request.
attempts to duplicate the thought processes of experienced decision makers (eg, expert systems).
Artificial intelligence
Which of the following nutrient deficiencies are associated with dementia?
B12, B6, folate, omega-3 fatty acids
Which three foods have the largest environmental impact?
Beef, dairy foods, pork Meat has been identified as having the highest greenhouse emissions followed by dairy products, poultry, and fluid milk, respectively.
a food additive that can be used as a flour treatment agent. It oxidizes the naturally occurring carotenoids in flour, which gives untreated flour a yellowish tint, and whitens the flour as a result.
Benzoyl peroxide
Stools that are pale in color indicate a disturbance in the production or secretion of which of the following?
Bilirubin Cholestasis or disruption of bile flow leads to lack of bile in the stools. Bilirubin confers the brownish color to stools.
This emulsifier is manufactured by splitting a fatty acid off triacylglycerol molecules and is useful in frozen desserts, shortening, and margarine.
Diglycerides
Which preservative is often used as a fungicide and mold preventative in bakery products?
Calcium propionate
What does the FDA not regulate?
Canned meat
Which non-essential compound is used to transport non-esterified long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta oxidation?
Carnitine
Q. What is the predominant protein in cow's milk?
Casein
Anthocyanin in turnips may change to a blue-black or red-brown color if heated excessively in which type of pan?
Cast iron
Which of the following is responsible for reviewing safety information related to food ingredients and food packaging?
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)
Which vitamin deficiency is likely to develop in a patient with liver disease?
D
Chylomicrons
are one of the microscopic particles of emulsified fat found in the blood and lymph system that are formed during the digestion of fats.
The two federal agencies that control alcoholic beverages are part of the
Department of the Treasury
What indicators are projected to affect future community nutrition practice more than any other social or economic trend.
Deteriorating global environmental
In which step in the HACCP plan can you identify where hazards can be prevented, eliminated, or reduced to safe levels?
Determine critical control points
Dextrose solutions should not be administered at a rate higher than _____ g/kg/hour
Dextrose solutions should not be administered at a rate higher than 0.36 g/kg body weight/hour. This is the maximum oxidation rate of glucose. Excess glucose is converted to fat, which can result in fatty liver. In addition, the conversion of carbohydrate to fat can cause excess CO2 production, which is undesirable for patients with respiratory problems.
EAR and RDA for CHO during pregnancy and lactation
EAR preg - 135g/day EAR lact- 160g/day RDA preg- 175 g/day RDA lactation - 210g/day
what regulates safety of new pesticides and sets tolerance level for all pesticides and their residue in food
EPA - environmental protection agency
____ is the terminology for timing of meals and snacks and types and amounts of foods eaten to achieve nutrition goals?
Eating plan
. Which of the following means "doing the right thing"?
Effectiveness
A program that provides workers with confidential and free short-term counseling and referrals for advice or treatment for problems such as alcohol or drug abuse, emotional difficulties, and marital, family, or financial difficulties is called _____.
Employee assistance program (EAP)
Q. What are the stages of motivational interviewing?
Engaging, focusing, evoking, planning
What is the preferred method of feeding for a patient with diabetes if an oral diet is not medically appropriate?
Enteral Nutrition
Which of the following roles would be the charge of a project manager?
Entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator
What decisional roles does a manager perform when committing an organization to specific courses of action and/or determining unit strategy?
Entrepreneur, resource allocator, disturbance handler, and/or negotiator
What is the primary regulatory agency responsible for the safety of imported fish?
FDA
Which federal agency regulates wines with less than 7% alcohol?
FDA
regulates canned products that are marketed across state lines.
FDA
responsible for the inspection of canned product manufacturing.
FSIS (food safety and inspection service)
Many immigrants to the United States struggle with weight gain. What variable is not likely to influence this outcome?
Familiarity with US Dietary Guidelines
Which of the following roles would be the charge of a formal and informal manager?
Figurehead, spokesperson, entrepreneur, liaison Figurehead, leader, liaison
People who eat a Western diet largely have _____ in their gut microbiota.
Firmicutes The typical, highly processed Western diet results in a preponderance of firmicutes in the gut microbiota. Bacteroidetes are common in the gut microbiota of Africans who consume a diet that is very high in fiber.
Which of the following financial terms includes accumulated depreciation?
Fixed assets
which bacteria can withstand stomach acid
H.pylori
A patient has an alpha-gal allergy. Which of the following foods should be avoided?
Hamburger Alpha-gal is a relatively newly identified allergy that is thought to be caused by Lone Star ticks carried by deer in rural and urban areas. The prevailing hypothesis is that after the tick bites a person, eventually IgE to alpha-gal develops. Once IgE to alpha-gal reaches sufficient levels, red meat intake can trigger an allergic response. Most red meat allergic response has been reported in the Southeast United States, which has experienced an increase in the deer population.
. Which equation does not provide an accurate energy estimate for those with liver cirrhosis?
Harris -Benedict
Which of the following situations reduces a manager's span of control?
Having a greater geographical dispersion of workers
Which of the following would restrict one of your nutrition services employees from food handling?
Hepatitis A can be transmitted through food, infected workers are restricted from food handling.
During a snowstorm, the assistant cook (AC) can't get to work. The person working in the "salads" position is unable to take over all AC responsibilities but is somewhat confident and willing to assist the head cook in preparing items on the daily production schedule. To be most effective, which leadership style should the foodservice manager use?
Hersey, Blanchard, and Johnson's leadership effectiveness model indicates that when the salad person has low to moderate readiness (R2), the manager needs to use selling leadership style (S2). The leader must be flexible and adaptable to meet the changing needs of employees and each situation.
Which of the following are a likely diagnosis if acanthosis nigricans are present?
High insulin levels in the blood The binding of excess insulin to insulin-like growth factors stimulates proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, leading to acanthosis nigricans.
The recommended meal plan for most people with cystic fibrosis is
High kilocalorie, protein, fat, and sodium
What toxin is commonly linked to tuna, bonito, mackerel, and mahimahi?
Histamine
Which of the following does NOT occur during the catabolic phase in liver disease?
Increased circulating glucose
An early body mass index rebound has been associated with which of the following?
Increased risk of overweight and obesity
How does energy intake affect patients with pulmonary failure?
Increases CO2 production
Which of the following population groups of children does research show to have a higher prevalence of iron deficiency?
Infants and adolescents
The World Health Organization growth charts for children younger than age 2 are based on data from which of the following populations?
Infants who were primarily breastfed until 4 months of age.
Intake of _____ should be carefully monitored in patients with kidney disease because phosphorous is more easily absorbed from this source.
Inorganic phosphate food additive
What causes the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes?
Insulin resistance at the site of the fat and muscle cells
When using a nutrient database to calculate nutrient data for a recipe, a "blank" associated with a nutrient generally means
reliable data have not been collected.
After defining the nutrition problem, which of the following is the correct sequence of steps a community nutritionist should follow in assessing the needs of the community?
Set the parameters of the assessment, collect data, analyze and interpret the data, share the findings, and set priorities.
Which of the following terms is used to denote loss of inventory?
Shrinkage
Which diet plan for patients with cardiovascular disease follows the US Dietary Guidelines for physical activity, saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, and consumption of fiber, stanol esters, and whole grains?
The Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet incorporates physical activity; decreased saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, and sodium intake; and increased consumption of fiber, stanol esters, and whole grains.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC)?
The United States is required by international law to abide by Codex standards.
Which one of the following foods would likely cause an increase in the gut level of TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide)?
The blood concentration of TMAO has been shown to increase after ingestion of dietary l-carnitine and phosphatidylcholine, which are both high in beef.
Conditionally indispensable amino acids are defined as
requiring a dietary source when endogenous synthesis cannot meet metabolic need.
Which of the following is allowed in the diet of individuals with fructose intolerance?
berries
Individuals interested in becoming a registered dietitian should expect to study a wide variety of topics focusing on food, nutrition, and management. These areas are supported by the sciences:
biological, physiological, behavioral, and communication.
Weight and body mass index peak between age _____ and _____ years.
age 50 and 59 years, then stabilized and start slowly dropping around age 70.
Interpretation of BMI for children is
age and sex specific.
interior egg quality is based on
air cell size, albumen quality, yolk quality, and the presence of blood or meat spots.
Five whole grains that are gluten free
amaranth, millet, teff, buckwheat, and quinoa.
Which of the following is true of the Academy's Standards of Practice in Nutrition Care?
They evolved following the granting of Medicare Medical Nutrition Therapy Benefit Provider Status to RDNs.
Which category of oral hyperglycemic medication would NOT be appropriate for a client with congestive heart failure?
Thiazolidinediones
approved for use as a (white) food coloring agent.
Titanium dioxide
To prevent backflow,
an air gap between the faucet and the flood rim of the sink should be created.
To prevent protein precipitation (curdling) when making cream of tomato soup
add acid to milk rather than milk to the acid.
Gout is an accumulation of uric acid, which is the end-product of the metabolism of the purines
adenine and guanine
young chickens of either sex
broilers and fryers
Beginning at age 2, it is recommended that fiber intake
be equal to or greater than a child's age plus 5 grams.
Because insulin and _____ are secreted in the bloodstream in equal amounts, ____ can be used as a clinical indicator of endogenous insulin production.
c-peptide
Lack of appetite and rapid muscle breakdown associated with disease is known as:
cachexia
For the needs of infants born prematurely, human milk is deficient in
calcium and phosphorus.
current ratio
calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. The resulting number indicates an organization's ability to meet current financial obligations, and therefore, is a measure of bill-paying ability. Current ratios that are greater than 1 indicate the organization most likely will be able to pay bills when due and over the next 12 months.
The four most costly foodborne bacteria pathogens are salmonella, e. coli, listeria, and
campylobacter jejuni.
Which of the following is a young, castrated male chicken, which is very tender and meaty?
capon
Which would be added to a cola beverage as a natural colorant?
caramel
The Chronic Care Model encompasses
care provided in the community and by health systems. Clinical information systems are part of the health systems component of the CCM. Motivation at all levels, inclusive team management, and comprehensive data collection are not specified elements of the CCM.
The first "milk produced by the mother, colostrum, is particularly high in which of the following compounds?
carotenoids
Which condition involves damaged enterocytes caused by ingesting foods that are not harmful to most people?
celiac disease
Q. Enterocytes are
cells of the gastrointestinal tract The gastrointestinal tract is lined by a continuous sheet of epithelial cells, also known as "enterocytes," which are responsible for processing and moving nutrients from the lumenal space into the vasculature for distribution to peripheral tissues.
Which agency sets the mandated guidelines for meals in long-term-care facilities that receive Medicare and Medicaid funding?
centers for medicaid and medicare services
Q. Hospital room service is a _____ style of service.
centralized
best used on walls
ceramic tile
____ are responsible for catalyzing change in an organization.
change agent
Collaborative planning sessions to gain input from all who might be affected by a new kitchen design are called
charrettes
All of the following indicate a a breastfeeding infant has a good latch EXCEPT
cheeks indented
are synthesized by the intestine and carry dietary lipids
chylomicrons
Encouraging pregnant mothers to attend a seminar on the benefits of breastfeeding and offering supportive counseling post-partum to continue breastfeeding are examples of
health promotion
A sensory evaluation panel is based on what type of food acceptability test?
hedonic scale
copper
helps the body make hemoglobin; serves as a part of many body enzymes; helps the body develop connective tissue, myelin, and melanin; and helps the body produce energy in the cells.
Breastmilk from a woman with a premature infant is higher in
higher in protein, slightly lower in lactose, and higher in energy content.
Breastmilk does contain
highly bioavailable iron; however, once an infant is older than 4 to 6 months, the concentration is insufficient to meet nutrient needs.
Essential amino acids
histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine
An employee is concerned about working with individuals whose language is offensive and intimidating. This behavior is a form of:
hostile working environment
EPA and DHA
human milk, fish and seafood (sea bass, oyster, salmon)
increase in cell number because of growth
hyperplasia
increase in cell size
hypertrophy
If the community nutritionist questions whether the new educational activities provided for SNAP recipients are achieving the intended increase in fresh vegetable intake, the best approach would be to conduct a(n) ___________ evaluation.
impact
Meaningful use refers to use of electronic health record technology to improve quality, safety, and efficiency of health care;
improve coordination of care; engage patients and family; and maintain the privacy and security of patient health information.
Oxidation is most likely to occur ....
in products that contain fat, including sausage.
A weight _____ approach is based on the assumption that everyone is capable of achieving health and well-being independent of weight, so long as they have access to non-stigmatizing health care.
inclusive
The two financial statements primarily used by foodservice managers to analyze operational effectiveness are the
income statement and balance sheet.
Q. Which of the following is considered a functional fiber?
polydextrose
small immature chicken
poussin
"US Fancy" means
premium quality. US Fancy fruits and vegetables are of more uniform shape and have fewer defects than US No. 1.
measure of existing numbers
prevalence
A community RDN develops an educational and awareness program to teach employees of a local industry to reduce the sodium in their diets. This is an example of
primary prevention
The grades for beef from highest to lowest
prime, choice, select, standard, commercial, utility, cutter, and canner.
In the Nutrition Care Process, the Nutrition Diagnoses should be _____during Nutrition Intervention.
prioritized
In what era did manufacturers produce what could be made rather than what consumers wanted?
production
Outlining a client's probable response to therapy is considered a _____.
prognosis
_____ ____ is an antioxidant that is added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation.
propyl gallate
The purpose of registration is to
protect the nutritional health, safety, and welfare of the public by encouraging high standards of performance of individuals practicing in the profession of dietetics.
Which of the following nutrients uses the highest amount of energy for metabolism and storage?
protein
heat applied to a food will denature which of the foods components
proteins
The nutritional requirement for snacks
provide a combination of at least two food items from the meat, milk, grains, and fruit/vegetable categories. Furthermore, to be eligible for reimbursement, any milk must be unflavored if provided to children age 1-5 years.
Within the subsystem of procurement
purchasing, receiving, storage, and inventory control.
Technical specifications indicate
quality by objective test results. Metals, such as stainless steel and aluminum, can be measured by gauges to determine thickness.
floor that is resistant and nonporous
quarry tile
Q. What type of foodservice operation is sous vide?
ready prepared
1/2 O2 + 2 e- + 2H+ --> H2O
reduction
DV are nutrient standards derived from Daily Reference Values and the ..
reference daily intakes
