EL: Chapter 9- Human Population

Industrial revolution

- An increase in the availability and the use of technology has lead to a more densely packed society that attempts to make room for an increasing population. The influx of new technology into the global market over the past 150 years has made life generally easier in the industrialized nations of the world and led to promising social situations that provoke the tendency of people to have more children

Advances in Medicine

- Diseases has throughout the history always been the definitive factor in the limiting of population. However medical research has largely controlled or eliminated such diseases as smallpox, malaria and cholera, as a result, death rates decline dramatically

People vs. Planet

- History and science cannot predict the outcome of People vs. Planet, because all the facts of the case how many of us there will be and how we will live depend on choices we have yet to make and ideas we have yet to have. (Cohen, 2011)

Desertification

-also called desertization, the process by which natural or human causes reduce the biological productivity of drylands (arid and semiarid lands). Declines in productivity may be the result of climate change, deforestation, overgrazing, poverty, political instability, unsustainable irrigation practices, or combinations of these factors.

Top 13 Most Populated Countries

1. China 1,420,062,022 2. India 1,368,737,513 3. U.S 329,093,110 4. Indonesia 269,536,482 5. Brazil 212,392,717 6. Pakistan 204,596,442 7. Nigeria 200,962,417 8. Bangladesh 168,065,920 9. Russia 143,895,551 10. Mexico 132,328,035 11. Japan 126,854,745 12. Ethiopia 110,135,635 13. Philippines 108,106,310

Estimated Philippine Population: 2017-2022

2017 -104.92 Million 2019 -109.16 Million 2020 -111.34 Million 2021 -113.57 Million 2022 -115.84 Million

Other factors are lack of awareness of birth control or the ability to limit the size of their families

- Human reproduction is a matter of great religious and cultural importance as well. The religious teachings of many people prohibit or discourage the use of contraception. Some cultures traditionally value large families as a sign of prestige or power.

Basic Ecological Law (Limiting Factor)

- The size of a population is limited by the short supply of resources needed for survival. The scarcity of only one of the essential resources for humans - air, energy, food, space, non-renewable resources, heat and water - would be enough to put a limit on its population growth. It is unknown how much farther the carrying capacity can be expanded before one of the limits is reached. (Cohen, 2012). - Everything is connected to everything else: population growth, economic growth and technological advancements. - Simon (1981) believed that the ultimate resource of Earth is the human mind. The more human minds there are, the more solutions there will be to human problems.

9 Smallest Countries in the World by Population

Vatican -451 Tuvalu -10,640 Nauro Wauro -11,347 Palau -21,097 San Marino -33,285 Monaco -37,623 Liechtenstein -37,815 Marshal Islands -53,066 Saint Kitts and Nevis -54,821

Earth's Carrying Capacity

- There are limits to the life-sustaining resources earth can provide us. In other words, there is a carrying capacity for human life on our planet. - Carrying capacity is the maximum number of a species an environment can support indefinitely. Every species has a carrying capacity, even humans. - Many scientists think Earth has a maximum carrying capacity of 9 billion to 10 billion people. One such scientist, the eminent Harvard University sociobiologist Edward O. Wilson, bases his estimate on calculations of the Earth's available resources. - Some Believe that earth's carrying capacity has already been reached and exceeded as illustrated by polluted air, denuded landscapes, species extinction, starvation, and global warming. It is also illustrated by depleted fisheries and loss of forest cover.

Green revolution

- great increase in production of food grains (especially wheat and rice) that resulted in large part from the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century. Agricultural advances have ensured that no one has to starve.

Urbanization

- is an increase in the number of people living in towns and cities. Urbanization occurs mainly because people move from rural areas to urban areas and it results in growth in the size of the urban population and the extent of urban areas.

United Nations Concerns

-Because of the rapid growth of population and its serious impacts on the environment, the United Nations has taken the lead in focusing worldwide attention on the need to set up worldwide machinery to "Protect our Planet Earth" from further misuse and eventual ruin. -It sponsored a global conference on the theme Only One Earth in June 1972 at Stockholm Sweden, which pointed out that high population growth, industrial development and rapid exploitation of resources have serious implications on human environment. -This problem was already felt at that time by the developed countries whereas in the underdeveloped countries, the inhabitants were not adequately aware of the consequences because they are particularly more concerned in meeting their food and shelter requirements -Twenty years after, in 1992 another world congress was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on the theme Earth Summit. -The summit dealt again on the earth's resources and their sustainable use to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter and other needs of modern life -It also emphasize the concept of sustainable development in the management for economic growth and the wise use of resources so that no irreparable damage is done to the environment.

Human Population

-Human Population is growing at a rate of about 3 people per second -260,000 per day or 1.8 million per week or 94 million per year. -Every year, global environment must support another 282 million people. -With this data, we could imagine the implications in terms of resources that people will consume, the basic services they need, food , shelter, water and energy

The Philippine Population

-The estimated population of the Philippines when the Spaniards first landed in our soil in 1521 was only 500,000. -In 1960, our population reach 27 million. -According to Britannica world data, the population of Philippines in 1991stands at 62.3 million. -The population density is 208 people per square kilometer of land -This is one of the highest in the world. -Based on the natural increase rate of 28.1% per 1000 population. -The projected population by the year 2000 is 74.6 million. -Assuming the same rate of growth, it will be 86.4 million by the year 2010. -The current population of the Philippines is 111,524,107 as of Tuesday, November 2, 2021, based on -World meter elaboration of the latest United Nations data. the Philippines 2020 population is estimated at 109,581,078 people at mid year according to UN data. -It is interesting to note that the size of our land area have remained the same and the habitable area of our planet likewise remained the same

Effects of Rapid Population Growth

-The rapid increase of human population have resulted to some alarming impacts on the living condition of the whole populace, on the world available resources, and on the environment, These Impacts are summarized below. -There are approximately 1.3 billion human being that are impoverished, living on the equivalent less than one US dollar a day. As population steadily increase, the gap between the rich and poor widens. -Some 60% of the 4.8 billion people in developing countries lack basic sanitation and almost 33% have no access to clean water -Nearly 1 billion people in the world are illiterate and 66% of them are women -Some 841 million people today are chronically malnourished, and there 88 "food deficit" countries. This means "they can neither feed themselves nor afford the imports they need", according to the U.N Population fund, a subsidiary of the United Nations General Assembly. - The supply of water for irrigation are declining around the world as underground water reserves or aquifers become depleted faster than nature can fill them. -Nearly 50% of the earth's land mass has been changed by human activity, that is wetlands being filled in, forest trees and related products being cut down, and prairies being plowed under. Runoffs from farms , industries and urban areas has resulted to some "dead zones" in coastal waters. -Among the ocean's major fish stocks, 35% are declining, and another 25% are being fully exploited. -Species are going extinct at faster rate than ever before

The World Population

-The world population has grown significantly since the year 1650 which was about 500 million -According to the population statistics, after 200 years, in 1850, the population has doubled to 1 billion. -By 1930, the population was doubled to 2 billion. -In 1960, it reached 3 billion -Fifteen years later it reached 4 billion(1975) -5 billion in 1987. -By year 2000, the population was estimated to reach 6 billion. -By 2010 world population us expected to reach 8 billion.

7. Filipino lawmakers (legislators) need to focus more on:

Improved working conditions: -Quality schools -Skilled birth attendants -Health-care facilities -Maternal health -Education -Employment