ELA 10 - Cumulative Exam
Which statements are examples of ethics? Select TWO options. - A) Journalists must claim their right to freedom of speech. B) Journalists must double-check all sources used in an article. C) Journalists cannot knowingly make false statements about people. D) Journalists must research and report the news without bias. D) Journalists cannot write an article in order to incite violence.
B) Journalists must double-check all sources used in an article. - and - D) Journalists must research and report the news without bias.
How can a causal relationship affect the plot of a story? - A) It can cause confusion between plot events. B) The characters' motivations become clear. C) It can create tension, mystery, and surprise. D) The relationship always foreshadows future events.
C) It can create tension, mystery, and surprise.
What is the purpose of Sotomayor's use of the word wise? Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. First, as Professor Martha Minnow has noted, there can never be a universal definition of wise. Second, I would hope that a wise Latina woman with the richness of her experiences would more often than not reach a better conclusion than a white male who hasn't lived that life. - A) to emphasize the value of a Latina woman's experience B) to add entertainment value to the speech for the audience C) to distract the audience from the reality of the courtroom D) to demonstrate that an effective judge needs an education
A) to emphasize the value of a Latina woman's experience
What does this excerpt tell us most about the cat? Read the passage from chapter 1 of Animal Farm. Last of all came the cat, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major's speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. - A) She sleeps a lot. B) She is content. C) She feels cold. D) She is unconcerned.
D) She is unconcerned.
How does the speaker's use of Spanish names for food most affect the tone and meaning of this excerpt? Read the excerpt from Justice Sotomayor's speech "A Latina Judge's Voice." For me, a very special part of my being Latina is the mucho platos de arroz, gandules y pernir—rice, beans and pork—that I have eaten at countless family holidays and special events. My Latina identity also includes, because of my particularly adventurous taste buds, morcilla, pig intestines; patitas de cerdo con garbanzo, pigs' feet with beans; and Ia lengua y orejas de cuchifrito, pigs' tongue and ears. I bet the Mexican-Americans in this room are thinking that Puerto Ricans have unusual food tastes. Some of us, like me, do. - A) It shows her strong connection to her heritage. B) It demonstrates how unusual Puerto Rican food is. C) It exemplifies a frustration with the United States. D) It deliberately excludes non-Spanish speakers.
A) It shows her strong connection to her heritage.
Which quotation from this passage is the best example of foreshadowing? Read the passage from chapter 2 of Animal Farm. But at this moment the three cows, who had seemed uneasy for some time past, set up a loud lowing. They had not been milked for twenty-four hours, and their udders were almost bursting. After a little thought, the pigs sent for buckets and milked the cows fairly successfully, their trotters being well adapted to this task. Soon there were five buckets of frothing creamy milk at which many of the animals looked with considerable interest. "What is going to happen to all that milk?" said someone. "Jones used sometimes to mix some of it in our mash," said one of the hens. "Never mind the milk, comrades!" cried Napoleon, placing himself in front of the buckets. "That will be attended to. The harvest is more important. Comrade Snowball will lead the way. I shall follow in a few minutes. Forward, comrades! The hay is waiting." So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared. - A) "The three cows, who had seemed uneasy for some time past, set up a loud lowing." B) "'Jones used sometimes to mix some of it in our mash,' said one of the hens." C) "The harvest is more important. Comrade Snowball will lead the way." D) "When they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared."
D) "When they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared."
How does Orwell use satire in this excerpt? Read the excerpt from chapter 10 of Animal Farm. But the luxuries of which Snowball had once taught the animals to dream, the stalls with electric light and hot and cold water, and the three-day week, were no longer talked about. Napoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The truest happiness, he said, lay in working hard and living frugally. - A) to expose Napoleon's denouncement of the teachings as foolish B) to exaggerate how Napoleon defines animalism C) to criticize the corruption of the pigs so they look ridiculous D) to show that the changes made are the opposite of what was promised
D) to show that the changes made are the opposite of what was promised
How does the central idea of this passage—that older generations are less excited about rebellion than younger ones—serve as social commentary? Read the passage from Animal Farm. Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. He did his work in the same slow obstinate way as he had done it in Jones's time, never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. About the Rebellion and its results he would express no opinion. When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey," and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer. - A) It shows how rebellions are always led by younger generations. B) It demonstrates how society unfairly treats older people. C) It demonstrates how society makes progress with each new generation. D) It points out the overenthusiasm and zealousness of the younger generation.
D) It points out the overenthusiasm and zealousness of the younger generation.
Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select TWO options. Read the excerpt from a speech to the school board about the art department. Art is the foundation of what it means to be a human. So many things try to push their way into being more important. We need to refocus ourselves and reevaluate our priorities. We should not cut the funding to the school's art department, because the students will suffer. Everyone thinks that art class is just fun and games. We always think that we need to prioritize everything else first. But it is everything else that will suffer when we lack art and beauty in our lives. - A) "Art is the foundation of what it means to be a human." B) "We should not cut the funding to the school's art department, because the students will suffer." C) "We need to refocus ourselves and reevaluate our priorities." D) "Everyone thinks that art class is just fun and games." E) "But it is everything else that will suffer when we lack art and beauty in our lives."
A) "Art is the foundation of what it means to be a human." - and - B) "We should not cut the funding to the school's art department, because the students will suffer."
Which statement from the passage best summarizes the central idea in this excerpt? Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. Let us not forget that wise men like Oliver Wendell Holmes and Justice Cardozo voted on cases which upheld both sex and race discrimination in our society. Until 1972, no Supreme Court case ever upheld the claim of a woman in a gender discrimination case. I, like Professor Carter, believe that we should not be so myopic as to believe that others of different experiences or backgrounds are incapable of understanding the values and needs of people from a different group. Many are so capable. As Judge Cedarbaum pointed out to me, nine white men on the Supreme Court in the past have done so on many occasions and on many issues, including Brown. However, to understand takes time and effort, something that not all people are willing to give. For others, their experiences limit their ability to understand the experiences of others. Others simply do not care. Hence, one must accept the proposition that a difference there will be by the presence of women and people of color on the bench. Personal experiences affect the facts that judges choose to see. My hope is that I will take the good from my experiences and extrapolate them further into areas with which I am unfamiliar. I simply do not know exactly what that difference will be in my judging. But I accept there will be some based on my gender and my Latina heritage. - A) "We should not be so myopic as to believe that others of different experiences or backgrounds are incapable of understanding the values and needs of people from a different group." B) "Wise men like Oliver Wendell Holmes and Justice Cardozo voted on cases which upheld both sex and race discrimination." C) "Until 1972, no Supreme Court case ever upheld the claim of a woman in a gender discrimination case." D) "Others simply do not care."
A) "We should not be so myopic as to believe that others of different experiences or backgrounds are incapable of understanding the values and needs of people from a different group."
Which statement best expresses the theme of the passage? Read the passage from Animal Farm. "Boxer!" cried Clover in a terrible voice. "Boxer! Get out! Get out quickly! They're taking you to your death!" All the animals took up the cry of "Get out, Boxer, get out!" But the van was already gathering speed and drawing away from them. It was uncertain whether Boxer had understood what Clover had said. But a moment later his face disappeared from the window and there was the sound of a tremendous drumming of hoofs inside the van. He was trying to kick his way out. The time had been when a few kicks from Boxer's hoofs would have smashed the van to matchwood. But alas! his strength had left him; and in a few moments the sound of drumming hoofs grew fainter and died away. In desperation the animals began appealing to the two horses which drew the van to stop. "Comrades, comrades!" they shouted. "Don't take your own brother to his death!" But the stupid brutes, too ignorant to realise what was happening, merely set back their ears and quickened their pace. Boxer's face did not reappear at the window. Too late, someone thought of racing ahead and shutting the five-barred gate; but in another moment the van was through it and rapidly disappearing down the road. Boxer was never seen again. - A) It is important to recognize a dictatorship before it is too late. B) Maintaining physical strength is imperative in a dictatorship. C) Being a leader means making difficult decisions. D) There is nothing anyone can do to stop a dictator.
A) It is important to recognize a dictatorship before it is too late.
Which prediction does this passage best support? Read the passage from chapter 2 of Animal Farm. The pigs had an even harder struggle to counteract the lies put about by Moses, the tame raven. Moses, who was Mr. Jones's especial pet, was a spy and a tale-bearer, but he was also a clever talker. He claimed to know of the existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain, to which all animals went when they died. It was situated somewhere up in the sky, a little distance beyond the clouds, Moses said. In Sugarcandy Mountain it was Sunday seven days a week, clover was in season all the year round, and lump sugar and linseed cake grew on the hedges. The animals hated Moses because he told tales and did no work, but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain, and the pigs had to argue very hard to persuade them that there was no such place. - A) Moses and his stories will complicate the pigs' control over the other animals. B) The pigs will adopt Moses's ideas and promote them on Animal Farm. C) Moses will die and end up on Sugarcandy Mountain, thus proving its existence. D) The animals will demand that Moses leave the farm and will force him out.
A) Moses and his stories will complicate the pigs' control over the other animals.
Which historical figure or concept does Man symbolize? Read the passage from chapter 1 of Animal Farm. "This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep—and all of them living in a comfort and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word—Man. Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished for ever." - A) Nicholas II B) communism C) Lenin D) modernization
A) Nicholas II
Which details or events relating to the Russian Revolution does this passage most highlight? Select THREE options. Read the passage from chapter 2 of Animal Farm. These three had elaborated old Major's teachings into a complete system of thought, to which they gave the name of Animalism. Several nights a week, after Mr. Jones was asleep, they held secret meetings in the barn and expounded the principles of Animalism to the others. At the beginning they met with much stupidity and apathy. Some of the animals talked of the duty of loyalty to Mr. Jones, whom they referred to as "Master," or made elementary remarks such as "Mr. Jones feeds us. If he were gone, we should starve to death." Others asked such questions as "Why should we care what happens after we are dead?" or "If this Rebellion is to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not?", and the pigs had great difficulty in making them see that this was contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The stupidest questions of all were asked by Mollie, the white mare. The very first question she asked Snowball was: "Will there still be sugar after the Rebellion?" - A) the development of communism B) Stalin's rise to power after the Russian Revolution C) plans to overthrow Tsar Nicholas II D) the great Soviet famine of 1932-33 E) those who preferred life under the tsar
A) the development of communism - and - C) plans to overthrow Tsar Nicholas II - and - E) those who preferred life under the tsar
How does the use of repetition support the theme in this passage? Read the passage from Animal Farm. But if there were hardships to be borne, they were partly offset by the fact that life nowadays had a greater dignity than it had had before. There were more songs, more speeches, more processions. Napoleon had commanded that once a week there should be held something called a Spontaneous Demonstration, the object of which was to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm. At the appointed time the animals would leave their work and march round the precincts of the farm in military formation, with the pigs leading, then the horses, then the cows, then the sheep, and then the poultry. The dogs flanked the procession and at the head of all marched Napoleon's black cockerel. Boxer and Clover always carried between them a green banner marked with the hoof and the horn and the caption, "Long live Comrade Napoleon!" Afterwards there were recitations of poems composed in Napoleon's honour, and a speech by Squealer giving particulars of the latest increases in the production of foodstuffs, and on occasion a shot was fired from the gun. The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous Demonstration, and if anyone complained (as a few animals sometimes did, when no pigs or dogs were near) that they wasted time and meant a lot of standing about in the cold, the sheep were sure to silence him with a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good, two legs bad!" But by and large the animals enjoyed these celebrations. They found it comforting to be reminded that, after all, they were truly their own masters and that the work they did was for their own benefit. So that, what with the songs, the processions, Squealer's lists of figures, the thunder of the gun, the crowing of the cockerel, and the fluttering of the flag, they were able to forget that their bellies were empty, at least part of the time. - A) Things that are repeated often are eventually accepted as truth. B) Dictatorships can use repeated rituals as a distraction from oppression. C) Loyalty can be instilled by regularly reminding people why their leader is great. D) Repeating facts over and over can help bring comfort to those with short memories.
B) Dictatorships can use repeated rituals as a distraction from oppression.
Which comparison of the two excerpts is most accurate? Read the excerpts from two articles written about the same topic. Article 1 Taxpayers will fund most of the new arena, at a cost of $300 million. We will all be asked to share the burden of a facility that may well be replaced in 10 years, when the powers that be decide that we need yet another upgrade. Article 2 The construction of the arena will cost the city $300 million. Taxpayers will assume 90 percent of the cost. Several protesters showed up at city hall Tuesday to express their disapproval of the decision. They were forcibly removed by police after two hours. - A) Excerpt 1 is objective and verifiable, while excerpt 2 is subjective and opinionated. B) Excerpt 1 is subjective and opinionated, while excerpt 2 is objective and verifiable. C) Both excerpts are subjective, containing emotional language that shares the writers' opinions. D) Both excerpts are objective, stating the facts in plain language without expressing any opinions.
B) Excerpt 1 is subjective and opinionated, while excerpt 2 is objective and verifiable.
Which detail reveals the writer's purpose? Read the excerpt from an editorial. State lawmakers are considering overturning a law that forbids the sale of lottery tickets on Sundays. Proponents of the bill claim that the reason for the potential change is a result of consumer demand. These "state leaders" clearly have no concept of how to maintain family values. Playing the lottery is just as despicable as gambling in a casino and should be outlawed altogether. - A) Using first-person pronouns shows that the writer has strong opinions against the lottery. B) Placing "state leaders" in quotation marks indicates that the writer is mocking the lawmakers. C) Stating the reason for the bill highlights the writer's anger over the potential change. D) Comparing the lottery to gambling establishes factual evidence to back the writer's opinion.
B) Placing "state leaders" in quotation marks indicates that the writer is mocking the lawmakers.
The author is thinking of adding one of these sentences to the end of the passage. Which sentence contains a fallacy? Read the passage. Social media is here to stay. No amount of complaining by a generation who cannot even turn on a computer will change the fact that we live in a social media world. Increasing access to social media for people who are unfamiliar with it or afraid of using it should be the first step toward making the playing field a bit more even for everyone. - A) My hope is that our generation can be the generation to create a path to social media success. B) The global community has a strong access model, and we don't want to be left behind. C) Not everyone needs to have the same passion for social media, but access is nonetheless important. D) Success for beginners, through access, will lead to a more aware and active community of users.
B) The global community has a strong access model, and we don't want to be left behind.
Which historical figures do the animals most likely symbolize? Read the passage from chapter 1 of Animal Farm. "Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it, our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth." - A) the powerful European aristocracy B) the labor class of the Soviet Union C) the English farmers of World War I D) the Bolshevik revolutionaries
B) the labor class of the Soviet Union
What is Orwell's main purpose in this passage? Read the passage from Animal Farm. Once again it was being put about that all the animals were dying of famine and disease, and that they were continually fighting among themselves and had resorted to cannibalism and infanticide. Napoleon was well aware of the bad results that might follow if the real facts of the food situation were known, and he decided to make use of Mr. Whymper to spread a contrary impression. Hitherto the animals had had little or no contact with Whymper on his weekly visits: now, however, a few selected animals, mostly sheep, were instructed to remark casually in his hearing that rations had been increased. In addition, Napoleon ordered the almost empty bins in the store-shed to be filled nearly to the brim with sand, which was then covered up with what remained of the grain and meal. On some suitable pretext Whymper was led through the store-shed and allowed to catch a glimpse of the bins. He was deceived, and continued to report to the outside world that there was no food shortage on Animal Farm. - A) to show how easy it is to convince animals and humans of something that is not true B) to reveal that dictators manipulate others and use deception to further their ambitions C) to show the negative effects of rumors and misinformation on those in leadership roles D) to reveal the corruption among many producers, sellers, and buyers of farm products
B) to reveal that dictators manipulate others and use deception to further their ambitions
Which key details does Orwell include to support the central idea that Snowball is ruthless? Select TWO options. Read the passage from Animal Farm. All the men were gone except one. Back in the yard Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud, trying to turn him over. The boy did not stir. "He is dead," said Boxer sorrowfully. "I had no intention of doing that. I forgot that I was wearing iron shoes. Who will believe that I did not do this on purpose?" "No sentimentality, comrade!" cried Snowball from whose wounds the blood was still dripping. "War is war. The only good human being is a dead one." "I have no wish to take life, not even human life," repeated Boxer, and his eyes were full of tears. - A) "Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud, trying to turn him over." B) "'He is dead,' said Boxer sorrowfully. 'I had no intention of doing that.'" C) "'No sentimentality, comrade!' cried Snowball from whose wounds the blood was still dripping." D) "War is war. The only good human being is a dead one." E) "'I have no wish to take life, not even human life,' repeated Boxer, and his eyes were full of tears."
C) "'No sentimentality, comrade!' cried Snowball from whose wounds the blood was still dripping." - and - D) "War is war. The only good human being is a dead one."
How does Orwell use satire to support his purpose in this passage? Read the passage from chapter 1 of Animal Farm. Old Major cleared his throat and began to sing. As he had said, his voice was hoarse, but he sang well enough, and it was a stirring tune, something between 'Clementine' and 'La Cucaracha.' . . . . The singing of this song threw the animals into the wildest excitement. Almost before Major had reached the end, they had begun singing it for themselves. Even the stupidest of them had already picked up the tune and a few of the words, and as for the clever ones, such as the pigs and dogs, they had the entire song by heart within a few minutes. And then, after a few preliminary tries, the whole farm burst out into "Beasts of England" in tremendous unison. The cows lowed it, the dogs whined it, the sheep bleated it, the horses whinnied it, the ducks quacked it. They were so delighted with the song that they sang it right through five times in succession, and might have continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted. - A) He uses reversal to reveal the complexities of charismatic leaders. B) He uses exaggeration to reveal the power of music. C) He uses parody to imitate communist propaganda techniques. D) He uses ridicule to make fun of traditional patriotic songs.
C) He uses parody to imitate communist propaganda techniques.
How does the conflict between Mollie and Clover propel the plot forward? Read the excerpt from Animal Farm. As winter drew on, Mollie became more and more troublesome. She was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that she had overslept, and she complained of mysterious pains, although her appetite was excellent. On every kind of pretext she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool, where she would stand foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. But there were also rumours of something more serious. One day, as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of hay, Clover took her aside. "Mollie," she said, "I have something very serious to say to you. This morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm from Foxwood. One of Mr. Pilkington's men was standing on the other side of the hedge. And—I was a long way away, but I am almost certain I saw this—he was talking to you and you were allowing him to stroke your nose. What does that mean, Mollie?" "He didn't! I wasn't! It isn't true!" cried Mollie, beginning to prance about and paw the ground. "Mollie! Look me in the face. Do you give me your word of honour that that man was not stroking your nose?" "It isn't true!" repeated Mollie, but she could not look Clover in the face, and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away into the field. A thought struck Clover. Without saying anything to the others, she went to Mollie's stall and turned over the straw with her hoof. Hidden under the straw was a little pile of lump sugar and several bunches of ribbon of different colours. Three days later Mollie disappeared. - A) It affects their relationship positively. B) Mollie is rewarded for making a friend. C) It results in Mollie choosing to leave the farm. D) Mollie is driven to get revenge on Clover.
C) It results in Mollie choosing to leave the farm.
Which statement compares the rhetorical techniques used in the arguments? Read the two passages about school uniforms. Passage 1 "What should I wear today? Will this help me fit in?" If we listen to recent studies, which reveal the impact that school uniforms have, our children no longer have to ask themselves those questions. Uniforms decrease fighting. Uniforms decrease drug use. Uniforms decrease vandalism. There is no other possible solution to fix our schools. Passage 2 When schools introduce uniforms, students become complacent, no longer interested in individuality. When schools introduce uniforms, schools lose their identities, blending in to look the same as other schools. When schools introduce uniforms, what is the true cost? The unfortunate answer will come as no surprise. - A) Both passages use rhetorical questions and repetition. B)Both passages use parallelism and understatements. C) Passage 1 uses tricolon and an overstatement, while passage 2 uses anaphora and a rhetorical question. D) Passage 1 uses an understatement and rhetorical questions, while passage 2 uses an overstatement and an allusion.
C) Passage 1 uses tricolon and an overstatement, while passage 2 uses anaphora and a rhetorical question.
Which statement about the passage best reflects the influence of a totalitarian dictator? Read the passage from Animal Farm. Suddenly, early in the spring, an alarming thing was discovered. Snowball was secretly frequenting the farm by night! The animals were so disturbed that they could hardly sleep in their stalls. Every night, it was said, he came creeping in under cover of darkness and performed all kinds of mischief. He stole the corn, he upset the milk-pails, he broke the eggs, he trampled the seedbeds, he gnawed the bark off the fruit trees. Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball. If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up, someone was certain to say that Snowball had come in the night and done it, and when the key of the store-shed was lost, the whole farm was convinced that Snowball had thrown it down the well. Curiously enough, they went on believing this even after the mislaid key was found under a sack of meal. The cows declared unanimously that Snowball crept into their stalls and milked them in their sleep. The rats, which had been troublesome that winter, were also said to be in league with Snowball. - A) the inability of the animals to sleep at night B) the increased discomfort the animals feel C) the continued belief that the key was stolen D) the refusal to capture Snowball
C) the continued belief that the key was stolen