electrical motor controls 1-1 electrical theory
semiconductor
A substance that can conduct electricity under some conditions
valence electrons
The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds.
Nonmetallic sheathed cable
a factory assembly of two or more insulated conductors enclosed within an overall nonmetallic jacket
abbreviation
a letter or combination of letters that represents a word
ac sine wave
a symmetrical waveform that contains 360 electrical degrees
atoms
all matter consists of an organized collection of/is the smallest particle that an element can be reduced to and still keep the properties of an element
diode
an electrical component that allows current to pass through it in only one direction
coil, oil, and natural gas
are consumed during energy
direct current
current that flows in only one direction
alternating current
current that reverses its direction of flow at regular intervals
alternation
half of a cycle
Conductor
is a material that has very little resistance and permits electrons to move through it easily
insulator
is a material with an atomic structure that allows few free electrons to pass through it
electron
is a negatively charged particle that whirls around the nucleus at great speed in shells
proton
is a particle contained in the nucleus of an atom that has a positive electrical charge
neutron
is a particle contained in the nucleus of an atom that has no electrical charge
doping
is the addition of impurities to the crystal structure of a semiconductor
nucleus
is the heavy, dense center of an atom and has a positive electrical charge
n-type material
material created by doping a region of a crystal with atoms of a crystal with atoms of a material that have more electrons in their outer shells than the crystal
p-type material
material with empty spaces (holes) in its crystal structure
voltage is equal to current times the resistance
ohms law states that
cycle
one complete positive and negative alternation of a wave form
voltage
the amount of electrical pressure in a circuit
current
the amount of electrons flowing through an electrical circuit
reverse-bias voltage
the application of the opposite polarity to a diode
forward-bias voltage
the application of the property polarity to a diode
energy
the capacity to do work
resistance
the electrical term used to describe the opposition to electron flow and is expressed in ohms
kinetic energy
the energy of motion
holes
the missing electrons in the structure of a crystal
batteries, fuel cells, and photovoltaic cells
the most common power sources that directly produce dc voltage are
electron current flow
the movement of electrons from negative to positive
conventional current flow
the movement of electrons from positive to negative
ampere
the number of electrons passing a given point in one second
Ohm's Law
the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance
potential energy
the stored energy a body has due to its position, chemical state, or physical condition
prefixes
used to avoid long expressions of units that are smaller or larger than the base
DC voltage
voltage that flows in only one direction
AC voltage
voltage that reverses its direction of flow at regular intervals
protons, neutrons, and electrons
what are the three fundamental particles contained in atoms?
