Unit 10 Nutrition
reasonable rate of weight loss per week
1-2 pounds
reliable treatments for the condition of overweight or obesity
1. behavior modification 2. increased physical activity 3. decreased calorie intake
anerobic formation of glucose
1. cells convert glucose to pyruvate 2. pyruvate is converted to lactic acid 3. small amount of ATP is created 4. lactic acid accumulates in the muscle 5. lactic acid enters the blood stream 6. liver converts lactate into glucose
put the steps for calculating metabolic energy needs in order
1. divide weight in pounds by 2.2 2. multiply weight (kg) by men (1.0 kcal/hr)/women (.9 kcal/hr) formula 3. multiply kcal/hr by 24(hours in a day)
which of the following is a limitation of the BMI calculation
1. it would not be valid for a very muscular person 2. it may not be accurate for chronically ill persons
healthy recommendations for improving food practices
1. shop for food after eating 2. use measuring cups and scales 3. eat all food in "dining" areas
steps on how to explain how central-body obesity increases risk of CVD
1. visceral fat increases 2. fat cells produce substances to cause inflammation 3. inflammation increases risk of CVD
endurance athlete appropriate protein recommendation
1.2 kg/day - 1.4 kg/day
there are approx ______ calories in one pound of fat tissue
3500
very low calories diets of fewer than _____ kcals/day can reduce metabolic rate
800
energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the _____ of nutrients
absorption, processing and digestion
specialized cells that store energy in the form of triglycerides are known as
adipose cells
running, jogging, walking, swimming, and cycling are all examples of _______ exercise
aerobic
females that participate in sports that are _______ based are at a greater risk of developing the female athlete triad
appearance
____ metabolism is the minimal number of calories the body uses for vital activities after fasting and resting for 12 hours
basal
BMI is based on the relationship between
body weight and risk for chronic disease
tears in the esophagus, blood chemistry abnormalities, abnormal heart beat, and elevated risk of death are all side effects of
bulimia nervosa
metabolism
chemical changes in living cells
processes are included in basal metabolism
circulating blood, brain functioning, and breathing
what teaches people ways to monitor their eating behavior and change their unhealthy eating habits
cognitive behavioral therapy
as we age, basal metabolism _______ as a result of ________ in fat-free mass
decrease, loss
apetite
desire to eat appealing food
fad diets are successful at inducing weight loss because the
diets are low in calories
individuals with bulimia nervosa often abuse which of the following
diuretics, laxatives, and enemas
dietary approaches that have been most successful in long-term studies include
eating breakfast, weekly weigh-ins, and low-fat and low-calorie diets
heat stroke
elevated body temp; hot and dry skin; poor circulation
energy balance equation
energy input = energy output
________ refers to the energy needed to carry out daily activities
energy output
the body satisfies energy requirements by metabolizing
fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids
which of the following hormones stimulates eating behavior
gherlin
during more intense exercise, the heart and lungs become depleted of oxygen which makes _______ the major source of energy
glucose
a low carb diet may effectively
improve triglycerides, improve good cholesterol and reduce weight
the level of exertion used to perform physical activity refers to
intensity
which of the following hormones inhibits hunger
leptin
health problems associated with increasing BMI
liver damage, gall stones, and breathing problems
just losing 5-10% of body fat has been linked to
lower blood glucose, improved glucose intolerance, and higher HDL cholesterol levels
skinfold calipers are used to
measure fat layer directly under the skin, estimate body fat content, and to measure fat layer at multiple sites on the body
during prolonged exercise, protein is lost from muscle to be used for
metabolizing amino acids for energy
disordered eating
mild or short term changes in eating habits that occur in response to stress, illness, or a desire to modify the diet for health or appearance reasons
physical fitness is the ability to perform
moderate to vigorous activity without becoming excessively tired
in order to lose weight, it is necessary to be in _____ energy balance
negative
energy input < energy output
negative energy balance
bariatric medicine targets people that are
obese
which of the following nutritional disorders affected almost 36% of American adults in the United States
obesity
heat cramps
painful contractions of skeletal muscles
energy input > energy output
positive energy balance
heat exhaustion
profuse sweating, elevated body temp, headache, dizziness and weakness
catabolic reactions
reactions that release energy
anabolic reactions
reactions that require energy to occur
multiplying your weight in kg by 6 and then by 10 is used to calculate the
recommended range of carbohydrate intake
NEAT (nonexercise activity thermogenesis)
refers to the physical activity that a person doesn't consciously control
best way to replenish glycogen stores following exhaustive exercise
rest and high carb diet
the ____ theory suggests that the body fat content is genetically predetermined
set-point
what actions are considered NEAT
shivering, fidgeting, and maintaining posture
which of the following is not a component of a sound weight-loss program
short-term change of eating and exercise patterns, eliminating food groups high in dietary fat
______ fat protects the body against cold temperatures as well as against injuries to the muscles and bones
subcutaneous
satiety
the feeling of fullness triggered by stomach distension
hunger
the uncomfortable feeling after a period of time without food
The _____ metabolism theory proposes that some people store fat more readily to guard against starvation
thrifty
which of the following behaviors is not associated with binge-eating disorder
throwing up following a binge
two major compartments that your body is comprised of includes fat-free mass and
total body fat
ergogenic aids are intended to directly improve exercise performance
true
bioelectrical impedance devices are
used to estimate body fat and connected to the body using electrodes
rapid weiht loss at the beginning of a weight loss program is a result of
water loss, lean muscle mass depletion, and glycogen depletion