Embalming NBE Review

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The decomposition of proteins by action of enzymes of anaerobic bacteria resulting in malodorous product is

Putrefacation

Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria

Putrefaction

From the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point between the first big toe and the adjacent second toe is the linear guide for which artery

Dorsalis pedis

Synersis means

Drawing together to contract

You are preparing to embalm a case and during the case analysis you discover the body exhibits extensive dehydration. As you mix your arterial solution you need to ass a modifying agent. In attempt to aid the tissues with moisture retention you elect to add a ________ which contains ________

Humectant and Sorbitol

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in a saclike structure

Hydrocele

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity

Hydrothorax

Which of the following is not a method of arterial solution diffusion A. Pressure filtration B. Osmosis C. Dialysis D. Adsorption E. Hydrothorax

Hydrothorax

biological death

Irreversible somatic death, where life cannot be restored.

The correct pressure to use when embalming the body id that pressure which

Is sufficient to overcome the vascular resistance

Postmortem coagulation

Is the developing of blood clots after death

rigor mortis

Is typically first observed in the small muscles of the eyes

A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared

Isotonic

livor mortis

The pooling of the blood in tissues after death resulting in a reddish color to the skin

Cosmetic fluids are so called because they contain

Staining dyes

If one made an incision between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, the person would be attempting to find which artery

Ulnar

A disadvantage in the use of the femoral artery as a point of injection in arterial embalming is

Vessels are deep-seated in obese cases

What are barriers that serve to protect humans from infection during life

blood brain barrier and Epithelial barriers

Microorganism present in human blood that may cause disease

bloodborne pathogen

Injection from one site, and drainage from another

split injection

The injection of fluid from one site, and drainage from a separate site

split injection

What should be done when keeping an embalmed body for a long period of time

delay cosmetic treatment

The type of solution described in question #52 is considered ________ related to tissue fluids

hypertonic

What should be done when embalming a non-viewable body that cannot be arterially embalmed

hypodermically inject a 5% solution

The dilution of the arterial preservative solution with tissue (interstitial) fluids

secondary dilution

You notice the muscles of the extremities are flaccid. Most likely the body is in the ________ stage of rigor mortis

secondary flaccidity

As natural body dehydration occurs in the unembalmed body, the formed elements (suspended elements) of blood will stick together in clumps. As a result, blood becomes more viscous. This results in the formation of ________ (Note dehydration may be caused by the imbibition of the liquid portion of blood by the cells surrounding the capillaries_

sludge

The first place for the visible appearance of rigor mortis is in the

muscles of the eyes

What size arterial tube would be used when embalming an infant

3/32

Rigor Mortis

*Is a postmortem chemical change *Is the postmortem stiffening of muscles die to lack of oxygen *Causes extravascular resistance to embalming fluid distribution *Is preceded by primary flaccidity, and followed by secondary flaccidity

Postmortem Stain

*Is an extravascular discoloration that cannot be cleared with fluid distribution *Creates a false sign of distribution because the tissue may look embalmed *Necessitates the use of opaque cosmetics for concealment on viewed areas

Livor Mortis

*Is postmortem physical change *Is an intravascular discoloration that can be cleared with fluid distribution *Results from hypostasis, and occurs in dependent areas of the body *Often appears deep red or blue-black

Cavity embalming treats

*the contents of the hollow viscera *the walls of the visceral organs not embalmed by arterial injection *the contents of the spaces between the visceral organs

The 'action level' for the 8 hour time weighted average at which monitoring is required

.5 ppm

With respect to the OSHA formaldehyde standard, a specific point at which an 8-hour exposure needs to be addressed is called the action level. This level is represented by an exposure of

.5ppm

Nitrogenous waste at high levels in the body 1. Can result form kidney failure 2. Requires a higher dilute index than average 3. Can be detected by a strong ammonia-like odor 4. Will require the use of Glutaraldehyde-based fluids

1. Can result form kidney failure 2. Requires a higher dilute index than average 3. Can be detected by a strong ammonia-like odor

Determine the percent strength of the solution when 16oz of 20 index arterial fluid is added to water to make a total solution volume of 2 gallons

1.25

What solution index should be used on a dehydrated body

1.5

Signs of death as manifested by changes in the eye 1. Clouding of the cornea and flattening of the eyeball 2. Pupil dilution, and lack of pupil response to changes in light levels 3. Loss of luster of conjunctiva 4. Glistening of the eye

1. Clouding of the cornea and flattening of the eyeball 2. Pupil dilution, and lack of pupil response to changes in light levels 3. Loss of luster of conjunctiva

The embalmer identifies which of the following as signs of distribution 1. Distension of superficial vessels 2. large volume of blood drainage 3. Reduction of intravascular blood discoloration 4. Mottling of tissues

1. Distension of superficial vessels 2. large volume of blood drainage 3. Reduction of intravascular blood discoloration

Which of the following are consequences of freezing a body 1. Embalming will be more difficult due to capillary damage 2. The body will tend to swell when fluid is being injected 3. Decomposition will be halted 4. Decomposition will be accelerated

1. Embalming will be more difficult due to capillary damage 2. The body will tend to swell when fluid is being injected 3. Decomposition will be halted

The causative agent of tissue gas in the deceased body 1. Is also the causative agent of gas gangrene 2. Is Clostridium perfringens 3. Dorms spores, so its hard to kill 4. Can be transferred between bodies, and from body to embalmer via a puncture wound

1. Is also the causative agent of gas gangrene 2. Is Clostridium perfringens 3. Dorms spores, so its hard to kill 4. Can be transferred between bodies, and from body to embalmer via a puncture wound

Which of the following cause extravascular resistance to distribution 1. Rigor mortis 2. Gas pressure 3. Frictional resistance 4. Weight of viscera

1. Rigor mortis 2. Gas pressure 4. Weight of viscera

Which of the following cause intravascular resistance of distribution 1. Surface tension 2. Liquid blood 3. Vascular pathologies like atherosclerosis and other conditions that cause ischemia 4. Coagulated blood

1. Surface tension 2. Liquid blood 3. Vascular pathologies like atherosclerosis and other conditions that cause ischemia 4. Coagulated blood

Which of these are true regarding vermin 1. They are an extrinsic factor in the decomposition process 2. They are an intrinsic factor in the decomposition process 3. Cause direct destruction and create portals for bacterial entry 4. Include rodents and maggots

1. They are an extrinsic factor in the decomposition process 3. Cause direct destruction and create portals for bacterial entry 4. Include rodents and maggots

Which treatment are recommended for embalming an edematous body 1. Use a hypertonic solution 2. Use a hypotonic solution 3. Use greater than average strength of HCHO or other preservative solution 4. Use lesser than average strength of HCHO or other preservative solution 5. Use multipoint injection if necessary

1. Use a hypertonic solution 3. Use greater than average strength of HCHO or other preservative solution 5. Use multipoint injection if necessary

An embalmer working on a decomposed body should 1. Use restricted cervical injection 2.. Use low water or waterless embalming 3. add dye for a tracer 4. Use a higher than average strength embalming solution 5. Use hypodermic injection where needed

1. Use restricted cervical injection 2.. Use low water or waterless embalming 3. add dye for a tracer 4. Use a higher than average strength embalming solution 5. Use hypodermic injection where needed

What is the standard as to when the hardness of the water exceeds the value water is considered unstable for embalming

100ppm

STEL is monitored over a period of ________ minutes

15

The recommended number of air exchanges per hour in the preparation room is

15

The permissible exposure level (PEL) of formaldehyde is what for a 15 minute short term exposure limit (STEL)

2 ppm

Identify the considerations (not precautions) of the carotid arteries 1. The face may be over-injected 2. Direct distribution to the face 3. The incision may be visible 4. It is close to the center of distribution

2. Direct distribution to the face 4. It is close to the center of distribution

Fluid diffusion results from which of the following 1. Reverse osmosis 2. Osmosis 3. Dialysis 4. Pressure filtration

2. Osmosis 3. Dialysis 4. Pressure filtration

What is the 15 minute STEL

2.0 ppm

Determine the volume of 25 index arterial fluid (measured in ounces) necessary to make 2 gallons of 2 percent solution

20.48

The permissible level with respect to the formaldehyde 15 minute test is

2ppm

There are ________ embalming treatment classifications

4

The embalmer wants to make a half gallon of embalming solution for an infant case. So how much 28 index arterial fluid must be added to the embalming machine tank to make a 2% embalming solution

5 ounces

8 ounces of a 20 index arterial fluid would be required to make 32 ounces of

5% solution

An eight pound baby at birth, how much weight would be from water

6lbs

During the life of the normal pH of the blood tissue fluid is approximately

7.4

10 ounces of 16 index arterial fluid would be required to male 20 ounces of a

8% solution

With reference to the formaldehyde standard there are two types of tests that must occur in every funeral home where formaldehyde is used, the time weighted average over a period of ________ hours and the short-term exposure level, over a period of ________ minute

8;15

The optimum temperature for rigor mortis to take place

98 to 100 degrees F

Which are considered an intrinsic factors A. Pathological conditions B. Weight C. Vermin D. A and B

A and B Pathological conditions and weight

Decomposition

A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products. *Is a postmortem chemical change *Is the most certain sign that a person is dead *Increases preservation demand *Is accompanied by color, odor, purge, desquamation and gas formation *Causes a variety of extravascular discolorations

Linear Guide

A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper-lying structure.

The center of circulation in the embalming process is located in the

Arch of the aorta

Decrease in body temperature immediately before death

Agonal algor

A period before death

Agonal period

How should eyelids be set

About in the lower one third

Pressure indicated by the gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the solution is flowing into the body

Actual pressure

A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in the body buried in alkaline soil

Adipocere

Saponification of the body fats results in production of

Adipocere

For this question consider the body has been dead for three months or longer. The medical examiner advised that the body was buried in a shallow grave consisting of alkaline soil. The information is helpful when determining the identity of the wax-like substance found on and within tissues (especially adipose tissue). You have determined that the body fat has converted to ________ by the process known as saponification

Adipocere - a grayish waxy substance formed by the decomposition of soft tissue in dead bodies subjected to moisture. saponification

One example of postmortem physical change is

Algor mortis

The cooling of the body after death to the surrounding temperature

Algor mortis

The cooling of the body after death to the surrounding temperature is referred to as

Algor mortis

Upon touching the body, you notice that is appears cool in temperature. The postmortem cooling of the body is known as

Algor mortis

What is the cooling of the body to surrounding temperature

Algor mortis

Which of the following are embalming concerns with respect to hard water A. Inactivates the anticlotting elements in arterial fluid B. May unite with the arterial fluid ingredients to form insoluble particles of sufficient size to occlude the capillaries C. Variations in rigidity D. All of the above E. None of the above

All of the above

Which of the following destroy pathogens that are deposited on or enter the living body, contamination followed by decontamination A. Mucous Membranes B. Phagocytes C. Hydrochloric acid of the stomach D. Lysosomes E. All of the above F. None of the above

All will destroy pathogens Mucous Membranes Phagocytes Hydrochloric acid of the stomach Lysosomes

Skatole Indole Cadaverine Putrescine

Amines

The building block of protein proteins

Amino Acids

One condition governing the rate of algor mortis might be

Amount of clothing covering the body

Generalized edema in subcutaneous tissues

Anasarca

White patches found on the oral mucosa of an IV-drug user, should be disinfected by

Application of fungicide solution

What are the four classifications of embalming

Arterial, Cavity, Hypodermic, Surface

The center of embalming distribution is the

Ascending aorta and/or arch of the aorta

Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity

Ascites

As you begin to wash the body surfaces, you notice the presence of dirt beneath the fingernails, what should be done

At this time (before embalming), the fingernails can be cleaned

The consideration given to the dead body, prior to, during and after the embalming procedure is complete is:

Case analysis

A one-piece scalpel used for making incisions and excisions

Bistoury

The inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle serves as a point of origin for

Brachial

As you are mixing your arterial fluid you decide to add pH stabilizer to your solution. This will help to maintain the acid-base balance and assist in stabilizing the pH of the tissues where embalming fluids react with the cellular proteins, you add ________ which contains ________

Buffer; Borax

Embalming technique using active dye in an attempt to cover internal discoloration

Counterstaining

The blueness of the skin resulting from an oxygen deficiency in the blood is called

Cyanosis

The embalming equation CxV=C'xV'

C = strength of concentrated solution (index) V = volume of concentrated (arterial) solution C' = strength of diluted solution V' = total volume factor (diluted solution)

You notice the abdominal cavity is distended with gas pressure. Further, you detect a foul odor. We know that as the proteins of the body decompose, putrefactive odors become apparent. Three compounds are responsible for the odor. One of the three is

Cadaverine

What cause of death would cause a cherry-red discoloration, bright red color to blood, intense livor mortis, rapid mortem staining and petechiae

Carbon monoxide poisoning

A circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues, that terminates in suppuration and is accomplished by systemic systems

Carbuncle

The trocar is directed toward a point one-forth of the distance from the right anterior-superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis; keep point of trocar well up near the abdominal wall until within four inches of right anterior-superior iliac spine...This statement describes the trocar guide for the

Cecum

Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Right Inguinal Region

Cecum, appendix

Hemectant

Chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture

Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Umbilical Region

Coils of the small intestine The membrane that holds the coils of small intestine together is called the mesentery. This organ is found under the liver, it stores bile gall bladder. The organ that is the first major site of chemical digestion: the stomach. Eggs, sperm, urine, and wastes all empty into this structure: The Cloaca.

The climate condition which aids the embalmer to achieve naturalness of the embalmed body

Cold and moist

What drainage technique does not require a drain tube

Concurrent

What will accelerate the rate of natural human decomposition

Corpulence - the state of being fat; obesity.

What is the embalming equation

CxV=C'xV'

Permission from the next of kin should be sought under which of the following circumstances? A. Removal of a pacemaker from the body, in the event that the body is to be cremated B. The body is to be openly viewed in your stateroom for three days. You wish to embalm the body and charge the family for this service C. You wish to perform a restoration that requires a great deal of time and expertise(assume the victim died of trauma as the result of a car accident) D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. All of the above

A noise made by a moribound person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity

Death cough

cellular death

Death of the individual cells of the body.

Extreme dehydration often resulting in post-embalming discoloration

Desiccation

Sloughing off of the epidermis, wherein there is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis as a result of autolysis

Desquamation

The diffusion of crysalloids across a semipermeable membrane that is impermeable to colloids. It is the process of separating crystalloids (smaller particles) from colloids (larger particles) by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane

Dialysis

The movement of embalming fluid into tissues through capillary walls

Diffusion

According to your text, which task should be performed before all others listed? A. Close the mouth B. Wash the body C.Disinfect the body with a droplet spray D. Position the body E. Remove the calvarium

Disinfect the body with a droplet spray

Destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body is called

Disinfection

Drainage is brought about by

Displacement

The movement of embalming fluid within the vascular system as a result of injection

Distribution

Eosin is used in embalming fluids as a

Dye

Bruising discoloration of the skin caused by the escape of blood into extravasular tissues

Ecchymosis

Which discoloration is antemortem and extravascular

Ecchymosis

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissues or body cavities

Edema

Which of the following is a true statement regarding embalmed tissue A. Embalmed tissues become drier B. Embalming reactivates active lipid centers C. Embalmed tissues develop and affinity for water D. Embalmed tissue produces new protein like substances, which are less stable E. None of the above

Embalmed tissues become drier

The process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, retard organic decomposition, and restore a natural physical appearance is known as

Embalming

Organic catalyst produced by living cells capable of autolytic decomposition

Enzyme

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained

Exsanguination

What is not considered proper positioning

Face is tilted to the left about 15 degrees

The hand pump develops the pressure by means of a piston and depends on gravity

False

The injection pressure is defined as the force necessary to promote diffusion

False

The injection pressure is defined as the force necessary to stop osmosis

False

Characterized by a high fever, causing dehydration of the body

Febrile

What agency stipulates that funeral homes must obtain permission to embalm

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

What form should be achieved with lip closure

Five arc

If a 'putty-grey' color develops in the skin after a body is embalmed it is probably due to

Formaldehyde and blood mixing because of poor drainage

Gray discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin

Formaldehyde gray

A result of failure of the embalmer to remove as much blood out of the body as possible, leading to a reaction of formaldehyde with hemoglobin to form methylhemglobin is known as

Formaldehyde grey

Acute, deep seated inflammation in the skin which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle

Furnucle

Death of body tissues due to deficient or absent blood supply

Gangrene

What discoloration may occur if the embalming solution is too strong

Graying

Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Hypochondriac Region

Greater Omentum

Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Left Lumbar Region

Greater Omentum

The discoloration described in question #38 is caused by

Heme passing through the walls ans pores of the capillaries and into the tissue spaces

A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solution to which it is compared

Hypertonic

High moisture content in a body may be successfully reduced with

Hypertonic solution

The process of blood and/or other fluids settling to the dependent portions of the body

Hypostasis

The settling of blood and other fluids to dependent portions of the body is known as

Hypostasis

What is a consideration of agonal change

Hypostasis

A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.

Hypotonic

Low moisture content in a body may be treated successfully with an arterial solution that is

Hypotonic to cell hydration

Absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death, resulting in postmortem edema

Imbibition

Signs of decomposition may include all of the following except

Imbibition

After the embalming process is complete, you attempt to terminally disinfect your work environment. You are planning to sanitize the area with a solution containing hypochlorite (as found in laundry bleach). However, you first notice a volume of cavity fluid (containing formaldehyde) has spilled on the floor, what step would be most prudent

Immediately rinse the area with water. Contact between the formaldehyde and hypochlorite may result in the formation of bischloramethyl ether (BCME), a known carcinogen

The brachial artery is found

In the bicipital groove

A person who has died while inter treatment of chemotherapeutic, the embalmer would want to

Increase the index of the solution

The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of water

Index

The period from birth to 18 months is referred to as the

Infant

Which method of drainage would you continue injecting and periodically close the drainage

Intermittent

A method of drainage in which drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues

Intermittent (Restricted)

This suture is used to gather in and turn under excess tissue. The pattern is the same as the single intradermal suture, except that the stitches are made parallel to the incision edges and do not pierce the margins of the incision.

Inversion (Worm) Suture

A condition characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues

Jaundice

The axillary artery begins as the continuation of the subclavian artery at the

Lateral border of the first rib

The common carotid artery lies

Lateral to the trachea

The left common carotid artery begins at the

Level of the second costal cartilage

Which of the following will decompose first under normal conditions

Lining membranes of the trachea and larynx

A red-blue intravascular discoloration which may be removed by normal arterial injection and venous drainage is

Livor mortis

Hypostasis contributes to the formation of

Livor mortis

The axillary artery terminates at the

Lower border of teres major muscles

One method of mouth closure is the hypodermic injection of embalming fluid into the

Masseter muscle

Musculature Suture

Method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and through the mentalis muscle of the chin.

To achieve arterial embalming success for the situation in question #50, you are most likely to use which of the injection techniques

Multipoint (six point) injection

A method of mouth closure in which the suture is passed through the septum of the nose and through the mentalis muscle of the chin

Muscular suture

A pathological death of body dells as the result of disease processes

Necrosis

An example of ante-mortem cellular death

Necrosis

Cellular death of a pathological origin

Necrosis

Metabolic by-products such as urea acid containing nitrogen, and have a propensity to neutralize formaldehyde

Nitrogenous waste

All of the following are characteristics of ecchymosis except A. raised above surrounding skin B. flow of effused blood C. a bruise D. no blood will flow

No blood will flow

Which of the following is considered a fixed factor in embalming A. The body B. The embalming solution (arterial fluid mixed with water from your faucet) C. The operator D. The instruments and equipment E. None of the Above

None of the above

The hazard communication standard that requires employers to provide employees with information and training on hazardous chemicals in the work area is promulgated and enforced by which of the following

OSHA

The femoral artery ends at the

Opening in the adductor longus muscle

The eye of the aneurysm hook is used to

Pass ligature around the vessel

Pinpoint, extravascular stain visible as purplish hemorrhages on the skin

Petechia

Subcutaneous emphysema originates from a tear or cut located in which body cavity

Pleural

The femoral artery begins at the

Point behind the center of the inguinal (pouparts) ligament

If one made a longitudinal incision on the posteriormedial aspect of the thigh just superior to the popliteal space, the person would be attempting to find which artery

Popliteal

Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Epigastric Region

Portion of the liver

The femoral vein is found

Posterior to the femoral artery

The increase in body temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism

Postmortem caloricity

The rise in body temperature after death is

Postmortem caloricity

Imbibition causes

Postmortem edema

What is not a sign of decomposition

Postmortem hypostasis

During arterial injection of the body, you notice that areas of blood discoloration do not flush clear, via displacement. Rather, the dark - redness appears only to bleach in the presence of formaldehyde. The discoloration you noticed before "bleaching" is likely to be

Postmortem stain

Extravascular discoloration resulting from heme seeping through the vessel walls and into the body tissues

Postmortem stain

You are preparing to embalm the body of an obese female decedent. Death resulted from a ruptured aortic aneurysm. Areas of the face and hands exhibit an abundance of moister (edema) The post mortem interval is three hours. You are now ready to inject the arterial solution. First, you must properly set the pressure and rate of flow. The embalming machines power switch is set to "on" and the electrical motor is in operation. The rate of flow valve is set in a "closed" position. The pressure valve is set to a partially "open" position. The reading indicated by the machines pressure gauge is "10 pounds per square inch." Given the above facts, the ________ is indicated by the pressure gauge reading of 10 pounds per square inch.

Potential Pressure

Which suture method is described by the text as a "suture commonly used to close the trocar opening

Purse string

Positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming solution through the capillary wall to diffuse with the interstitial fluids; causing passage of embalming fluid from an intravascular to an extravascular position

Pressure filtration

What is an extrinsic factor as it relates to the permanence of biological preservation of human remains

Protective vault

Preservation primarily acts on body

Proteins

One advantage in the use of the femoral artery as a point of injection in arterial embalming is

Provides for an incision that will not be seen

Any of a group of nitrogenous compounds found by the action of putrefactive bacteria on protiens

Ptomaine

Any one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria on proteins; indole, skatole, cadaverine, and putrescine

Ptomaines

The artery just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle

Radial

A line drawn down the surface of the body from the center of the bend of the elbow to the base of the index finger is the linear guide for the

Radial artery

Cross linked proteins (Proteins + formaldehyde)

Resist decomposition

Dyes that are incorporated in embalming fluids are used to

Restore tissue to a natural color

A procedure whereby one raises both common carotids

Restricted cervical

Different pressure can be used to inject the head and trunk. Different rates of flow can be used to inject the trunk and head. These statements describe the advantages of using the ________ injection method

Restricted cervical

A method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are raised to control the flow of arterial solution into the head

Restricted cervical injection

Massage cream applied to the face before embalming will

Retard dehydration

The center of venous drainage is the

Right atrium of the heart

The trocar is directed along the line from the left anterior-superior iliac spine to the lobe of the right ear; keep the trocar point up against the cavity wall until it has pierced the diaphragm. This statement describes the trocar guide for the

Right side of the heart

What are the three main considerations when embalming a body exposed to radiation

Rubber apron & gloves, time of exposure, running water

What is S.D.S.

Safety Data Sheet

Which of the following must the employer obtain for all hazardous chemicals in the work place and also maintain in a place where the employee will have access to them while in the work area

Safety Data Sheets

The conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy substance called adipocere

Saponification

What is NOT an area directly impacted by OSHA with respect to the funeral industry

Securing authorization for embalming

Embalming solution has a tendency to find direct routs from arterioles to the venules or through only portions of the capillaries in the region around the injection site and thus spills into the drainage. This can account for over embalming of the area near the injection site and loss of great amounts of arterial solution through drainage. This reality is known as

Short-Circuiting

The body you are preparing to embalm is wrapped in bedding (sheets). You have noticed that both the clothing and bedding are soiled with body fluids and feces. You have decided to remove both items from the body. What will you do with these items?

Soiled clothing should either be destroyed (with proper authorization) or laundered and returned to the family. All contaminated bedding should be destroyed (with proper authorization) or properly laundered and returned to the family

A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, the component of a solution present in a lesser amount

Solute

A hemogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent

Solution

A substance holding another substance in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount

Solvent

What should be done when arterial embalming has been delayed

Start with mild solution and strengthen as you proceed

What agency issues a license for embalming

State occupational licensing board

A delicate instrument, used for detecting almost inaudible sounds is

Stethoscope

What would be used for a test of death

Stethoscope

The trocar point is directed toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and left mid-axillary line. This statement describes the trocar guide for the

Stomach

What type of purge will have a coffee grind appearance

Stomach

When the trocar point is directed toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left midaxillary line, one would be attempting to insert the trocar into which of the following organs

Stomach

The axillary vein is

Superficial to the axillary artery

You have completed the arterial injection of the body via the common carotid artery. You notice areas of incomplete distribution of preservative solution. You attempt to raise a second artery to embalm these areas. Upon completion of this task, distribution of arterial solution is still lacking. What is the most reasonable and prudent next step

Supplement arterial embalming by using hypodermic injection of preservative and a surface compress of preservative

Preservation of body tissues by direct contact with embalming chemicals is called ________ embalming

Surface

When analyzing another case you grow concerned with your arterial fluids ability to diffuse adequately. You elect to add a modifying agent to aid in the diffusion, you add a ________ which contains ________

Surfactant; Sodium lauryl sulfate

A chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion and surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to flow through smaller spaces

Surfectant

What would be used to hypodermically embalm a finger

Syringe and needle

What is true regarding problems with rigor mortis

The condition affects only muscles, and usually all the muscles of the body are affected

Algor Mortis

The cooling of the body after death

Continuous drainage is

The drainage taken without interruption

Which of the following is NOT considered an intrinsic factor regarding embalming analysis A. Cause and/or manner of death B. Conditions of the body C. Livor Mortis D. The embalmer E. None of these are correct

The embalmer

Lysosomes

The enzyme responsible for autolysis originate in the cells

One disadvantage in the use of the common carotid arteries as points of injection in embalming is

The face may be over-injected

It is required to receive authorization prior to the executing the embalming procedure. With respect to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), receiving or not receiving impacts

The funeral homes legal ability to charge consumers for this service

Alternate drainage is the drainage taken during embalming in which

The injection and drainage are not allowed to run concurrently

What is acceptable preparation of the body prior to injection

The neck must be aligned in such a way that there is not interference with distribution of solution and drainage

Conditions determining the choice of a primary dilution include all of the following except A. cause or manner of death B. age of the deceased C. pathological considerations D. the pH balance of the concentrated fluid

The pH balance of the concentrated fluid

What is the amount of time an embalmed body will remain preserved

There is no way to determine the degree or length of time preservation can be maintained

One advantage in the use of the common carotid arteries as a point of injection in arterial embalming is

They are close to the center of circulation

Saprophytic bacteria complicate the embalming process because

They are responsible for putrification

Perfuming materials such as spice oils are used in embalming fluids because

They mask formaldehyde odor

What is the purpose of embalming

To temporarily preserve the body - Embalming is an invasive procedure that involves the injection of chemical solutions into the arteries, tissues and sometimes organs and draining of the deceased's fluids to slow decomposition and restore the physical appearance of the deceased for cosmetic purposes.

What instrument is used for cavity embalming

Trocar

Employers must provide employees with information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial assignment and whenever a new hazard is introduced into the work area

True

In areas where formaldehyde concentrations exceed any exposure limits (OEL, TWA or STEL) the employer must post signs reading danger, formaldehyde irritant and potential cancer hazard; authorized personnel only

True

Initial monitoring is required of all employees who might be exposed to the hazard.

True

The hand pump develops the pressure by means of a piston and exerts the pressure on a fluid which is delivered to the body by an arrangement of tubes

True

Treating all human remains as though they are infectious

Universal precautions

The trocar point is directed toward the intersection of the median line of the pubic bone, keeping it well up toward the abdominal wall until it touches the bone; then withdraw about one-half inch, dip the point slightly and insert into the

Urinary Bladder

Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which is located in the Hypogastric Region

Uterus during pregnancy

What procedure should be employed when embalming a body with vascular difficulties

Utilize a restricted cervical injection

The liquid that serves as a solvent for embalming fluids

Vehicle

One of the products that result from cross linking protein with formaldehyde

Water

The chief solvent of most arterial fluid is

Water

Anatomical Guide

a descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known

Borax is used in embalming fluids to

adjust pH

Postmortem cooling of the body:

algor mortis

In ________, the arterial solution is never injected while drainage is being taken

alternate (injection and) drainage

methyl salicylate

an example of a perfuming agent often used in embalming fluid

What will decompose more slowly

arteries

What should you doe first when you are going to utilize refrigeration storage, identification, or viewing without embalming

attach and ID tag

Coma results from the arrested function of the

brain

A fractured ethmoid bone may cause the post embalmed purge of

brain matter

A temporary suture consisting of individual stitches employed to sustain in the appropriate postiion of tissues

bridge - interrupted suture

Not an extravascular discoloration

cadaveric lividity

The injection of a "too concentrated solution" (in a body exhibiting normal moisture content) will

cause the moisture in the interstitial fluid to move into the capillaries and bring about dehydration

A hemostat is most useful to the embalmer to

clamp a vessel

What procedure would be used when embalming an autopsy case

continuous aspiration of cavities

somatic death

death of the entire body or organism as a whole

A respiratory gurgling or rattling in the throat of a dying person, caused by the loss of the coughing reflex and accumulation of mucous

death rattle

Proteolysis

decomposition of proteins

Algonal Algor

decrease in body temperature immediately before death

The embalmer can differentiate between postmortem stain and cadaver

digital pressure on the skin

What pathological condition will cause a dark-red to black discoloration

dry gangrene

A condition governing the rate of algor mortis is

environmental temperature

Agonal Edema

escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death

A body will naturally decompose more slowly in what environment

exposed air

Algonal fever

increase in body immediately before death

How would edema affect an embalming

increase secondary dilution

what is a type of gaseous ptomaine

indole

In this process, the injection of the embalming solution continues throughout the embalming and the drainage is shut off for selected short periods

intermittent drainage

Which of the following will pass through the cell membrane 1. glycerol 2. isopropanol 3. ethanol 4. methanol

isopropanol, ethanol, methanol

What is the last organ to decompose in an adult male

large blood vessels

The decomposition of fats is called

lipolysis

The following discoloration usually can be removed by venous drainage

livor mortis

What is another name for cadaveric lividity

livor mortis

One method of stimulating drainage is

massage

Where does the accompanying artery of the internal jugular lie in relationship to is

medial and deep

Many times a drainage tube cannot be fully inserted into the vein. Which of the following is true A. The drainage tube should be pushed through the vein into the body cavity B. The drainage tube should be forced into the vein C. The drainage tube is lubricated, then forced into the vein D. The drainage tube is twisted as it is forced into the vein E. None of the above

none of the above

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

palpable bony protuberance located on the ilium

Anatomical Limits

points of origin and points of termination in relation to adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries

What discoloration cannot be cleared with vascular embalming

post mortem stain

Livor mortis is synonymous with:

postmortem lividity

The science of treating the dead human body to temporarily inhibit decomposition is known as

preservation

In the heart tap procedure for drainage, what is the terget the embalmer is searching for with the trocar

right atrium

When embalming the autopsy case, which artery is clamp, in the base of the skull, to build up intravascular pressure and help with distribution of fluid in the face

right atrium

Postmortem Caloricity

rise in body temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism.

Autolysis

self-destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance

Decomposition is

separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes

agonal hypostasis

settling of blood into dependent tissues

It is advised for cavity aspiration to take place

several hours after arterial injection or immediately following arterial injection Both are acceptable options

Now you are ready to treat the body cavities, according to the text, what is an acceptable time to begin aspiration of the body cavities

several hours after arterial injection or immediately following arterial injection Both are acceptable options

What are some variable factors contributing to the length of preservation of human remains

the embalmer the body instruments and equipment

Imbibition

the swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources

necrosis

tissue death

The embalmer identifies which of the following as signs of diffusion 1. Tissue fixation 2. Drying of tissues 3. Distention of superficial vessels 4. Reduction of intravascular blood discoloration

tissue fixation and drying of tissues

It is much easier to remove a mustache or beard before arterial embalming

true

What procedure would be used when arterial embalming a decomposed body

use continuous injection with intermittent drainage

What should be done when embalming an obese person

use firm massage

What procedure would be used when arterial embalming a trauma case

use high pressure and low rate of flow

What is considered an invasive procedure when preparing an un-embalmed body for viewing

using a suture for mouth closure

As the body gradually dehydrates after death, the

viscosity of blood increases and blood moves to dependent areas causing livor mortis

The uncontrolled (and premature) hardening of capillary walls because of the presence of strong unbalanced solutions containing formaldehyde. These "seared" capillaries become less permeable, hence solution diffusion becomes hindered. The net result is a lack of preparation of the preservative solution causing "under-embalming" of tissues. This fact pattern defines

walling-off action of formaldehyde

The conversion of bilrubin to biliverbin is similar to

yellow to green


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