EMR Exam 1

You are obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient experiencing abdominal pain. Which statement correlates to the "L" in SAMPLE history?

"I drank a glass of juice about 3 hours ago."

Which of the following is a chief complaint?

"I was having severe pain in my chest."

While orienting a new medical assistant to the facility, you find a patient who is unresponsive in the exam room. You yell to the medical assistant, "Go get the AED!" Which response by the medical assistant demonstrates closed-loop communication?

"I'll go get the AED"

You are providing care to a victim who you suspect is having a heart attack. Which of the following should you do first?

Summon more advanced medical personnel.

You believe your patient is having a heart attack. Which of the following should you do first?

Summon more advanced personnel, call 911

You are providing care for a patient who has an endotracheal tube in place. How does this affect compressions and ventilations?

The team should provide ventilations at a rate of 1 ventilation every 6 seconds without pausing compressions.

You are about to apply AED pads to a patient's chest when you notice that a patient has an implanted defibrillator. Which of the following should you do?

Avoid placing the pads directly over the defibrillator.

When possible, 2 responder ventilations with a BVM resuscitator is preferred because:

It allows one responder to create and maintain a mask seal.

A patient is unresponsive and witnesses tell you he fell from a 6 foot ladder. How should you open the airway?

Jaw thrust (without head extension)

You and your colleagues have been providing high-quality CPR for and using the AED on a patient in cardiac arrest. While providing ventilations, you notice movement and the patient appears to be breathing. What is the correct course of action?

Stop CPR, check for breathing and a pulse and monitor the patient until the advanced cardiac life support team takes over.

While preparing an AED for use, you notice a medication patch on the victim's chest. Which action is most appropriate?

Remove the patch with a gloved hand

The pressure gauge on an oxygen cylinder reads 200 pounds per sq. inch (psi). Which action is most appropriate?

Replace the cylinder with a new one.

When cardiac arrest occurs in children, it commonly results from ...?

Respiratory issues/conditions

You are alone caring for a 4-month-old infant who has gone into cardiac arrest. Which is the most effective CPR technique to perform until help arrives?

Standing to the side of the infant, provide chest compressions using the two-finger technique and deliver ventilations with a pocket mask or face shield.

An adult choking victim becomes unresponsive after providing abdominal thrusts. You lay the patient on the floor. The next step is to:

Start chest compressions

Which of the following structures separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

You are providing care to a patient at the scene of a motor vehicle collision. The patient has a cut on his arm that is bleeding. You observe the bleeding is a steady stream oozing from the wound. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is the most important to use?

disposable gloves

Upon entering a patient's room, you find him on the ground, unresponsive. After immediately initiating the emergency response system, what is the next action in the Adult Cardiac Chain of Survival?

early CPR

You are providing care to a patient with a history of problems related to their blood glucose levels. Which of the following systems should you expect to be involved?

endocrine

You are providing care to a patient and your assessment reveals that the patient is unstable. As a general rule, you should continue to reassess how frequently?

every 5 minutes

Which of the following is an example of a Mechanism of Injury (MOI) ?

explosion

While providing care to a patient, some of the patient's body fluids inadvertently splash into your eyes. Which of the following should you do first?

flush your eyes with clean water, saline or sterile irritant for 20 minutes

You approach the scene of an emergency and notice a strange odor and a large cloud of gas in the area of the emergency. You would suspect which of the following?

hazardous material

You are checking the temperature of a patient and find it to be below normal. Which prefix would you use to describe this finding?

hypo-

When communicating with medical control, which of the following should you do first?

identify yourself

You have assessed your patient and recognized they are in cardiac arrest. You should begin CPR:

immediately

You determine that a victim needs emergency oxygen because he is exhibiting signs and symptoms of hypoxia. Which of the following is most likely present?

increased heart rate

You are providing emergency care to a patient based on standing orders. You recognize this as which type of medical control?

indirect

Which of the following is least likely considered a vital organ?

kidneys

Upon arriving at the scene of an emergency, which of the following is your first responsibility as an emergency medical responder?

making sure the scene is safe

Any body part that is toward the midline of the body is called -

medial

You are preparing to administer emergency oxygen to a patient. Your assessment reveals the patient has a nasal injury. Which delivery device is least appropriate to use for this patient?

nasal cannula

If there is a chance the pads on the AED could touch you should:

place one pad on the chest and one on the back

You are preparing to use a resuscitation mask to give ventilations. After assembling the mask, which of the following should you do next?

position the mask

As an Emergency Medical Responder (EMR), you should be able to

provide basic emergency care

Which of the following occurs during expiration?

relaxation of the diaphragm

The range of duties and skills allowed and expected to be performed describes which of the following?

scope of practice

As an emergency medical responder (EMR), you are expected to provide care based on a specific criteria. This is known as -

standard of care

The first step in the initial assessment is:

survey the scene

The code team has arrived to take over resuscitative efforts. Among the members of the BLS team, whose role is it to communicate to the code team the patient's status and the care already provided?

team leader

A patient has sustained a musculoskeletal injury involving the structure that attaches muscle to bone. Which structure would this be?

tendon

Which of the following is an example of disease transmission by indirect contact?

touching the soiled dressing of an infected patient

True or false: when changing positions during 2 rescuer CPR, the change should take place in less than 10 seconds.

true

Which of the following is least likely to interfere with the accuracy of a pulse oximeter reading?

Victim is lying still

You are performing CPR on a 6 year old with a coworker. What is the compression rate during multiple provider CPR?

100-120 compressions/minute

The best compression rate for an 8 year old would be (pick the most appropriate answer):

114 compressions per minute.

The cycles of chest compressions and ventilations in 2-rescuer CPR for a 6 year old are:

15 compressions and 2 ventilations

A well-organized team response when performing high-quality CPR includes ensuring that providers switch off performing compressions every _____ minutes.

2

You are caring for an infant who is apneic and pulseless. Another responder is doing compressions. There is no advanced airway in place. You need to ventilate:

2 times after every 15th compression.

You should administer emergency oxygen to an adult victim with which of the following breathing rates?

24 breathes per minute

Which pulse oximeter reading indicates possible hypoxia?

92% SpO2

Your initial assessment reveals the patient is able to acknowledge your presence and answer your questions. Using the AVPU pneumonic, you should describe the level of consciousness as which of the following?

A

Good Samaritan Laws generally protect people from legal liability when providing care in an emergency, if they do which of the following?

Act in good faith within the scope of their training.

When using an AED,

Adult pads may be used on an infant if pediatric pads are not available.

You and another provider are caring for a patient who is in cardiac arrest. You suspect that your patient has overdosed on an opioid. When should you administer intranasal naloxone?

After initiating CPR

Which of the following is the most common heart rhythm associated with sudden cardiac arrest?

Ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib)

When cardiac arrest occurs in children, it commonly results from which of the following?

Airway and breathing problems

When should you not consider the use of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?

Alert level of consciousness (LOC)

During resuscitation, the team leader assigns team roles and tasks to each member. You recognize that a task has been overlooked. Which is the most appropriate action?

Alert the team leader immediately and identify for them what task has been overlooked.

To ensure effective chest compressions for an adult during CPR, which is the most appropriate thing to do?

Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions

Full chest recoil is necessary for a successful resuscitation as it:

Allows blood to flow back into the heart between compressions

The term hazardous materials refers to which of the following?

Any chemical substance or material that can pose a threat to the health, safety or property of an individual.

When suctioning the mouth of a patient, which of the following is the most appropriate action?

Apply suction while withdrawing the tip in a sweeping motion.

You are about to apply the AED pads to a victim's chest when you notice the victim has several body piercing and jewelry on their chest. Which of the following should you do?

Apply the pads to the chest, making sure to avoid the jewelry.

You are called to the home of an elderly gentleman who has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. His family states he has an advanced directive. Your assessment reveals that the patient is not breathing. Which action would be most appropriate?

Ask the family to see the written directive.

Which method is most appropriate to use when checking an infant for responsiveness?

Flicking the underside of the foot.

A shock has been given by the AED. Which of the following is most appropriate to do next?

Begin 5 cycles of CPR (2 minutes)

You and another rescuer are performing CPR on an adult. You determine there is no breathing or pulse and state "Victim has no pulse, begin CPR." Which of the following should the second rescuer do next?

Begin chest compressions.

Which is true regarding using an AED:

CAN be used on a pregnant mother

During 2 person CPR, the person giving ventilations should -

Check for the effectiveness of the compressions by checking the carotid pulse.

You are performing CPR when a second (equally trained) rescuer arrives. Which of the following is most appropriate for the 2nd rescuer to do first?

Check to see whether more advanced medical personnel have been called.

While performing CPR on an adult, a second trained rescuer arrives with an AED. What should YOU do?

Continue CPR while the 2nd rescuer turns on the AED and applies the pads

While performing CPR on an adult, a second trained rescuer arrives with an AED. What should you do?

Continue CPR while the second responder turns on the AED and applies the pad.

An adult patient has an OPA in place. What is the compression-to-breath ratio?

Continuous compressions, 1 breath every 5-6 seconds

You arrive at the scene of an emergency and are sizing up the scene. Which of the following would you identify as being the least hazardous?

Damaged vehicle on the side of the road.

Which of the following is considered to be a work practice control?

Disinfecting work surfaces possibly soiled with bodily or bloody fluid

After immediately initiating the emergency response system, what is the next link in the Adult Cardiac Chain of Survival?

Early high-quality CPR

How should you place your hands when giving chest compressions to an infant during CPR with 2 trained responders?

Encircling thumbs technique with thumbs just below the nipple line

When administering emergency oxygen to a victim, which of the following is most important to do?

Ensure oxygen is flowing through the device before putting it on the victim

Which of the following should you do first when inserting an oral airway?

Ensure the patient is unconcious

Which of the following is most important to keep in mind when performing a finger sweep?

Ensuring the patient is unconscious.

A patient is experiencing an opioid overdose. After giving the initial dose, how often can you repeat giving narcan?

Every 2 to 3 minutes as needed.

TRUE or FALSE: You cannot use an AED on someone with a pacemaker:

False

TRUE or FALSE: you cannot use an AED on a pregnant patient:

False

True or false: If the infant is crying, the airway is obstructed

False

TRUE or FALSE: The rate of compressions for 2 person CPR for an adult is 15:2:

False, it is 30:2 for an adult and 15:2 for an infant

You are attempting to dislodge a foreign body from a conscious patient who is choking. The patient becomes unconscious. Which of the following should you do next?

Gently lower the patient to the ground.

You and another rescuer find an unconscious adult on the floor. The other rescuer goes to summon more advanced personnel. You complete a primary assessment and find the victim has a pulse but is not breathing. Which of the following should you do next?

Give 1 ventilation every 5 seconds.

You pull an unconscious adult from the water and realize they are taking infrequent gasps. Which should you do next?

Give 2 ventilations, then begin CPR

Which of the following would be appropriate to do while caring for an emancipated minor if the patient tells you she is fine and does not want further care?

Honor her refusal, following local policies for such situations.

Which of the following best reflects the purpose of an ongoing assessment?

Identifies changes to the patient's condition

To ensure effective high-quality CPR for an adult, which of the following is most appropriate?

Minimize interruptions of chest compressions to less than 10 seconds.

Which method is most appropriate to determine that ventilations given with a bag-valve-mask (BVM) are effective?

Observing the victim's chest clearly rising

An automated external defibrillator (AED) indicates "No Shock Advised." Which of the following is most appropriate to do next?

Perform CPR for about 2 minutes

If there is a risk of the automated external defibrillator (AED) pads touching each other, such as with a small child or infant, you should:

Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back

If there is a risk of the automated external defibrillator (AED) pads touching each other, such as with a small child or infant, you should:

Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back.

When providing ventilations for an adult patient in cardiac arrest with an advanced airway in place:

Provide continuous compressions with 1 ventilations every 6 seconds.

When using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), which of the following should you do immediately after attaching the AED pads to the victim's chest?

Tell everyone to "Stand Clear"

What is the first step after connecting the AED pads to the patient?

Tell everyone to STAND CLEAR

You determine a patient is competent when he demonstrates which of the following?

The ability to understand questions and the implications of their decisions.

Which statement most accurately reflects a variable flow oxygen system?

The flow rate can be adjusted for use with different delivery devices. The flow rate has a high or low setting.

A patient's diastolic blood pressure reflects:

The force exerted against the arteries when the heart is between contractions.

After giving ventilations with a resuscitation mask, the victim suddenly vomits. Which of the following should you do first?

Turn the victim as a unit onto his or her side.

You and several fellow EMRs had responded to a multiple casualty incident several days ago. You suspect one of your colleagues may be experiencing critical incident stress when he exhibits which of the following?

Unusually excessive silence.

You are providing high-quality CPR on a 6-year-old patient who weighs 44 pounds. The AED arrives. It does not have a pediatric setting and includes only adult AED pads. What should you do?

Use the adult AED pads

The Pre-hospital Care Report (PCR) is:

Used to keep medical personnel informed so they can provide appropriate continuity of care.

When providing care, which of the following is the MOST IMPORTANT measure to prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens?

Using PPE during care

Which of the following is the most common heart rhythm associated with sudden cardiac arrest?

V-fib

Which of the following should you interpret as indicating the patient's airway is open?

You hear air coming out of the mouth and nose.

Isolated or infrequent gasping for air is defined as [a], and occurs in the [b] (absence or presence) of normal breathing in an unconscious patient. These breaths are considered a sign of [c] arrest,

a) atonal breathing b) absence c) cardiac

When a patient is removed from the water, emergency responders should assume the nature of the cardiac arrest was the result of drowning and the patient is [a]. The sequence of care is different than other cardiac arrest victims without a pulse. The sequence of care should begin with [b] to suspected drowning victims of all ages if there is no breathing or only gasping, and no pulse.

a) hypoxic b) 2 ventilations

Disinfecting work surfaces soiled with bodily fluids is an example of an [a], while using biohazard and sharps containers are an example of [b]. All employers whose employees have a potential to be exposed to bloodborne pathogens must have a(n) [c] in place, which must prove how the employer will handle any potential problems.

a) work practice controls b) engineering controls c) exposure control plan

You are performing chest compressions on a 6 year old. You should be compressing the chest to what depth?

about 2 inches

The AED states "no shock advised". This means the patient is most likely in:

asystole (most serious type of cardiac arrest where your heart stops beating or you flatline)

The plane that divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior planes is called the:

axial

You obtain consent from a patient before touching him to prevent which of the following?

battery

When placing a blood pressure cuff on a patient's arm, ensure the bladder is centered over which artery?

brachial

A patient is not breathing and does not have a pulse. This may reflect a problem with which part of the nervous system?

brainstem

You perform a rapid assessment and determine that your patient is experiencing cardiac arrest. On the basis of your assessment findings, you begin CPR to improve the patient's chances of survival. Which term refers to clearly and rationally identifying the connection between information and actions?

critical thinking