EMT-B Ch. 11 Test (Airway Management)
An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than: a. 200 psi b. 500 psi c. 1,000 psi d. 1,500 psi
b. 500 psi
An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between: a. 8 and 15 breaths/min b. 10 and 18 breaths/min c. 12 and 20 breaths/min d. 22 and 24 breaths/min
c. 12 and 20 breaths/min
The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately ____________ pounds per square inch (psi). a. 500 b. 1,000 c. 2,000 d. 3,000
c. 2,000
When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than: a. 100 mm Hg b. 200 mm Hg c. 300 mm Hg d. 400 mm Hg
c. 300 mm Hg
At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to: a. 24% b. 35% c. 44% d. 52%
c. 44%
With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ____________% inspired oxygen. a. 70 b. 80 c. 90 d. 100
c. 90
What is the alveolar minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min? a. 5,600 mL b. 6,000 mL c. 7,400 mL d. 8,000 mL
a. 5,600 mL
A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when: a. A disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen b. Ventilation is compromised, resulting in the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, alveoli, and the tissues and cells of the body c. Ventilation is inadequate due to a traumatic injury or medical condition, which results in an impairment in pulmonary gas exchange d. A traumatic injury or medical condition impairs the body's ability to effectively bring oxygen into the lungs and remove carbon dioxide from the body
a. A disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen
What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly? a. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange b. Air is forcefully drawn into the lungs due to the negative pressure created by the rapid respirations c. Minute volume increases because of a marked increase in both tidal volume and respiratory rate d. The majority of tidal volume reaches the lungs and diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane
a. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange
A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has agonal gasps, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? a. Alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device b. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and provide suction and assisted ventilations c. Suction his oropharynx with a rigid catheter until ass secretions are removed d. Provide continuous ventilations with a bag-mask device to minimize hypoxia
a. Alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device
High-flow oxygen with a nasal cannula during the preoxygenation phase of endotracheal intubation is called: a. Apneic oxygenation b. Passive ventilation c. Active ventilation d. Denitrogenation
a. Apneic oxygenation
Which of the following is not found in the upper airway? a. Bronchus b. Larynx c. Pharynx d. Oropharynx
a. Bronchus
The ____________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx. a. Cricoid b. Thyroid c. Pyriform d. Laryngeal
a. Cricoid
CPAP is indicated for patients who: a. Have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands b. Have signs of pneumonia but are breathing adequately c. Are hypotensive and have a marked reduction in tidal volume d. Are unresponsive and have signs of inadequate ventilation
a. Have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands
Hypoxia is most accurately defined as: a. Inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells b. High oxygen levels in the tissues and cells c. A decrease in arterial oxygen levels d. An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood
a. Inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells
How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? a. It forces the alveoli open and increases the concentration of oxygen in the alveoli b. It pushes the thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung c. It prevents alveolar collapse by pushing air into the lungs during inhalation d. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for lung expansion
a. It forces the alveoli open and increases the concentration of oxygen in the alveoli
Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called: a. Metabolism b. Ventilation c. Oxygenation d. Respiration
a. Metabolism
The diaphragm is innervated by the ____________ nerve, which allows it to contract. a. Phrenic b. Vagus c. Hypoglossal d. Vestibulocochlear
a. Phrenic
An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she: a. Requires CPR b. Regains consciousness c. Has increased tidal volume d. Begins to vomit
a. Requires CPR
Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask to a patient, you must ensure that the: a. Reservoir bag is fully inflated b. One-way valve is sealed c. Slow rate is set at 6 L/minute d. Patient has reduced tidal volume
a. Reservoir bag is fully inflated
You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: a. Seal the mouth and nose b. Thrust the jaw forward c. Ventilate with less pressure d. Thoroughly suction the stoma
a. Seal the mouth and nose
Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: a. Slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid b. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid c. Slight decreases in carbon dioxide and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid d. Increased levels of oxygen in the blood and a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid
a. Slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid
While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He is unable to cough and becomes cyanotic around the lips. You should: a. Stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts b. Place him in a supine position and open his airway c. Deliver up to five back blows and reassess him d. Encourage him to cough as forcefully as he can
a. Stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts
Structures of the lower airway include all of the following except: a. The epiglottis b. The trachea c. Alveoli d. Bronchioles
a. The epiglottis
The nasal cannula is most appropriately used in the prehospital setting: a. When the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask b. If the patient nasopharynx is obstructed by secretions c. When the patient breathes primarily through his or her mouth d. If long-term supplemental oxygen administration is required
a. When the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask
Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position? a. A 19-year-old conscious male with a closed head injury and normal respirations b. A 31-year-old semiconscious mail with low blood sugar and adequate breathing c. A 40-year-old conscious female with a possible neck injury and regular respirations d. A 24-year-old unconscious female who overdosed and has a reduced tidal volume
b. A 31-year-old semiconscious mail with low blood sugar and adequate breathing
In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the most appropriate method of opening the airway? a. A 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree b. A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed c. 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet d. A 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma
b. A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed
Which of the following patients would most likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway? a. A 33-year-old semi conscious patient with reduced tidal volume b. A 40 year old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations c. A 51-year-old confused patient with severely labored respirations d. A 64-year-old conscious patient with rapid and deep respirations
b. A 40 year old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations
During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates: a. Secretions in the airway b. A lower airway obstruction c. Swelling of the upper airway d. Fluid in the alveoli
b. A lower airway obstruction
A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should: a. Perform a secondary assessment and then begin treatment b. Administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask c. Insert a nasal airway in case her mental status decreases d. Assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device
b. Administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask
Your protocols state that during the first few minutes of working on a cardiac arrest patient, you should provide passive ventilation. This means that you will: a. Ventilate with a bag-valve mask that is not attached to oxygen b. Allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs c. Time your positive-pressure ventilations to occur during chest recoil d. Deliver positive-pressure ventilation at a rate of only 5 or 6 breaths/min
b. Allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs
The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the: a. Bronchioles b. Alveolar sacs c. Pulmonary capillaries d. Apex of the lung
b. Alveolar sacs
Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when: a. Any impairment and circulatory function causes a reduced ability for oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane b. Blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional al and returns to the left side of the heart and an unoxygenated state c. A decrease in respiratory rate and depth causes carbon dioxide accumulation in the alveoli and an overall decrease in blood oxygen levels d. The presence of pulmonary surfactant causes a decrease in LVLR surface tension, that's impairing the exchange of gases in the lungs
b. Blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional al and returns to the left side of the heart and an unoxygenated state
Oxygen toxicity is a condition in which: a. Decreased levels of oxygen in the blood result in free radical production b. Cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood c. Excessive blood oxygen levels cause the hypoxic patient to stop breathing d. Significantly low levels of oxygen in the blood damage the cellular tissue
b. Cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood
Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia? a. Anxiety b. Cyanosis c. Restlessness d. Tachycardia
b. Cyanosis
Inhalation occurs when the: a. Diaphragm ascends and the intercostal muscles contract, causing a decrease in intrathoracic pressure b. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure c. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure d. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles ascend and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure
b. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure
A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes: a. A series of abdominal thrusts b. Encouraging him to cough and transporting him c. A series of back blows and chest thrusts d. Finger sweeps to remove the obstruction
b. Encouraging him to cough and transporting him
The purpose of the pin-indexing system for compressed gas cylinders is to: a. Help you determine what type of oxygen regulator to use b. Ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder c. Prevent destroying or stripping the threads on the cylinder d. Reduce the cylinder pressure to a safe and more useful range
b. Ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder
The structure located superior to the larynx is called the: a. Thyroid cartilage b. Epiglottis c. Cricoid ring d. Carina
b. Epiglottis
The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called: a. Alveolar ventilation b. External respiration c. Pulmonary ventilation d. Cellular metabolism
b. External respiration
The most significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is: a. Oral abrasions from vigorous suctioning b. Hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts c. Vomiting from stimulating the anterior airway d. Clogging of the catheter with thick secretions
b. Hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts
Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct? a. Oxygenation without adequate ventilation can occur in climbers who quickly ascend to an altitude of lower atmospheric pressure b. In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite inadequate oxygenation c. In carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, ventilation is impaired because CO binds to oxygen very quickly d. Oxygenation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs, whereas ventilation is the exchange of gases
b. In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite inadequate oxygenation
You and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient who is unresponsive and apneic. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-mask device. After repositioning the mask several times, you are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should: a. Hyperextend the patient's head and reattempt ventilations b. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and reattempt ventilations c. Suction the patient's airway for 30 seconds and reattempt ventilations d. Continue attempted ventilations and transport immediately
b. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and reattempt ventilations
How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output? a. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which facilitates venous return to the heart and increases cardiac output b. It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output c. There is no effect on cardiac output because positive-pressure ventilation is the act of normal breathing d. It causes pressure in the chest to decrease, which increases stroke volume and cardiac output
b. It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output
Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen? a. Kidneys b. Muscle c. Heart d. Liver
b. Muscle
A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: a. Bag-mask device b. Nonrebreathing mask c. Mouth-to-mask device d. Nasal cannula
b. Nonrebreathing mask
Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? a. Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has low levels of carbon dioxide b. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries c. The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries d. The oxygen content in the alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase
b. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries
The most serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is: a. Causing severe bleeding b. Penetrating the cranium c. Damaging the turbinates d. Fracturing the septum
b. Penetrating the cranium
A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face, and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately: a. Apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask b. Perform oropharyngeal suctioning c. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway d. Begin assisting the patient's ventilations
b. Perform oropharyngeal suctioning
You are ventilating a 40-year-old uninured man who is apneic but has a pulse. When your partner reassesses his blood pressure, she notes that he has decreased significantly from previous readings. You should a. Increase the rate at which you are ventilating and reassess his blood pressure b. Reduce the rate or volume of the ventilations you are delivering c. Increase the volume of your ventilations and reassess his blood pressure d. Perform a head-to-toe assessment to look for signs of bleeding
b. Reduce the rate or volume of the ventilations you are delivering
A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: a. Insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block b. Remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx c. Select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it d. Continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx
b. Remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx
Which of the following factors will cause a reduction in minute volume in an adult? a. Respirations of 20 breaths/minute b. Shallow breathing c. Increased tidal volume d. Slight increase in respiratory rate
b. Shallow breathing
What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient? a. Aspirated fluid b. The tongue c. Blood clots d. Vomitus
b. The tongue
Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse? a. Decreased compliance when squeezing the bag b. Twenty breaths/min being delivered to the adult c. Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag d. An adult's heart rate that is consistently increasing
c. Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag
In the presence of oxygen, the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called: a. Perfusion b. Anaerobic metabolism c. Aerobic metabolism d. Respiration
c. Aerobic metabolism
You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should: a. Apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask b. Administer continuous positive airway pressure c. Assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device d. Attempt to insert an oropharyngeal airway
c. Assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device
A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury, and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cherry red, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would most likely explain this? a. Severe pulmonary edema b. Increased body temperature c. Carbon monoxide poisoning d. Cold extremities
c. Carbon monoxide poisoning
The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected: a. Upper airway swelling b. Copious oral secretions c. Cervical spine injuries d. Mandibular fractures
c. Cervical spine injuries
Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called: a. Eupneic respirations b. Agonal respirations c. Cheyne-Stokes respirations d. Ataxic respirations
c. Cheyne-Stokes respirations
For which of the following conditions would the EMT most likely administer humidified oxygen? a. Apnea b. Blood loss c. Croup d. Hypoxia
c. Croup
Which of the following would not cause a decrease in tidal volume? a. Irregular breathing b. Agonal respirations c. Deep respirations d. Shallow breathing
c. Deep respirations
Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered? a. Any diabetic patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 98% b. Any elderly patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 95% c. Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 94% d. Signs of myocardial infarction and an oxygen saturation of 97%
c. Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 94%
The presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood is called: a. Hypoxia b. Acidosis c. Hypercarbia d. Hypoxemia
c. Hypercarbia
Which of the following would cause an increase in the amount of exhale carbon dioxide? a. Excessive ventilation b. Cardiopulmonary arrest c. Increased cardiac output d. Anaerobic metabolism
c. Increased cardiac output
As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the: a. Manually triggered ventilation device b. Mouth-to-mouth technique c. Mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve d. One-person bag-valve mask
c. Mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve
Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: a. Is moved through the lungs in a single minute b. Is forced into the lungs as a result of positive pressure c. Moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath d. Remains in the lungs following a complete exhalation
c. Moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath
Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct? a. Patience with a grossly irregular breathing pattern usually do not require assisted ventilation b. The single most reliable sign of breathing adequacy in the adult is his or her respiratory rate c. Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate d. A patient with slow respirations and adequate depth will experience an increase in minute volume
c. Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate
You are ventilating and apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency if her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should: a. Leave her dentures in place and increase the rate and volume of your ventilations b. Leave her dentures in place, but carefully monitor her for an airway obstruction c. Remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise d. Attempt to replace her dentures so that they fit tightly and resume ventilations
c. Remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise
While providing CPAP to a patient in severe respiratory distress, you note that his heart rate increases by 20 beats/min. He is conscious, but is no longer following verbal commands. You should: a. Decrease the amount of pressure that the CPAP device is delivering b. Remove the CPAP device and apply oxygen by nonrebreathing mask c. Remove the CPAP device and ventilate him with a bag-mask device d. Increase the amount of pressure that the CPAP device is delivering
c. Remove the CPAP device and ventilate him with a bag-mask device
The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: a. Respiration b. Oxygenation c. Ventilation d. Diffusion
c. Ventilation
A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted: a. With the bevel pointing downward if inserted into the left nare b. Into the larger nostril with the tip pointing away from the septum c. With the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare d. Into the smaller nostril with the tip following the roof of the nose
c. With the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is ____________ mm Hg; the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is ____________ mm Hg. a. 70, 28 b. 88, 30 c. 90, 50 d. 104, 40
d. 104, 40
Which of the following patients is breathing adequately? a. An unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin b. A conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume c. A conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations d. A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin
d. A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin
Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by: a. Water or blood within the alveoli b. Pulmonary capillary constriction c. Surfactant-destroying organisms d. Adequate amounts of surfactant
d. Adequate amounts of surfactant
Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask technique is correct? a. The C-clamp method of holding the mask to the face is not effective when ventilating a patient with a bag-mask device b. The bag-mask device delivers more tidal volume and a higher oxygen concentration than the mouth-to-mask technique c. Bag-mask ventilations should be delivered every 2 seconds when the device is being operated by one person d. Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device
d. Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device
Which of the following oxygen flowmeters is not affected by gravity and can be used in any position when attached to an oxygen cylinder? a. Vertical-position flowmeter b. Ball-and-float flowmeter c. Pressure-compensated flowmeter d. Bourdon-gauge flowmeter
d. Bourdon-gauge flowmeter
The nasopharyngeal airway is most beneficial because it: a. Is generally well tolerated in conscious patience with an intact gag reflex b. Effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest c. Can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly d. Can maintain a patent airway in a semi conscious patient with a gag reflex
d. Can maintain a patent airway in a semi conscious patient with a gag reflex
The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is: a. Adenosine triphosphate b. Pyruvic acid c. Lactic acid d. Carbon dioxide
d. Carbon dioxide
To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the: a. Angle of the jar to the center of the mouth b. Corner of the mouth to the superior ear c. Center of the mouth to the posterior ear d. Corner of the mouth to the earlobe
d. Corner of the mouth to the earlobe
Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum? a. Lungs b. Bronchioles c. Larynx d. Esophagus
d. Esophagus
Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells: a. Begin to metabolize fat, resulting in the production and accumulation of ketoacids b. Cease metabolism altogether, resulting in carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood c. Rely solely on glucose, which is completely converted into adenosine triphosphate d. Incompletely converts glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood
d. Incompletely converts glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood
All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distension when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-mask device except: a. Delivering each breath over 1 second b. Ensuring the appropriate airway position c. Ventilating the patient at the appropriate rate d. Increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume
d. Increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume
In contrast to inhalation, exhalation: a. Requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from the lungs b. Is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure c. Occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs d. Is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure
d. Is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure
You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your first action should be to: a. Palpate for the presence of a carotid pulse b. Assess the rate and quality of his breathing c. Open his airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver d. Log roll him as a unit to a supine position
d. Log roll him as a unit to a supine position
The hypoxic drive is influenced by: a. High blood carbon dioxide levels b. Low blood carbon dioxide levels c. High blood oxygen levels d. Low blood oxygen levels
d. Low blood oxygen levels
You are performing bag-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen are you delivering? a. 45% b. 55% c. 65% d. Nearly 100%
d. Nearly 100%
Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct? a. Oxygen is most safely administered in an enclosed environment b. Oxygen cylinders must always remain in an upright position c. Oxygen is flammable and may explode if under high pressure d. Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire
d. Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire
You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should: a. Perform a finger sweep of her mouth b. Insert a nasal airway and then suction her mouth c. Remove the oral airway and structure hurt oropharynx d. Roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway
d. Roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway
Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes: a. Suctioning for up to one minute of the patient is well oxygenated b. Continuously suctioning patients with copious oral secretions c. Removing large, solid objects with a tonsil-tip suction catheter d. Suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx
d. Suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx
Which of the following statements regarding positive-pressure ventilation is correct? a. Unlike negative-pressure ventilation, positive-pressure ventilation does not affect the esophageal opening pressure b. Positive-pressure ventilation allows blood to naturally be pulled back to the heart from the body c. To prevent hypotension, the EMT should increase the rate and force of positive-pressure ventilation d. With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing
d. With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing
