EMT Chapter 2

the stage of the grieving process where an attempt is made to secure a prize for good behavior or promise to change one's lifestyle Is known as:

bargaining

which of the following statements regarding the Hepatitis B vaccine is correct?

OSHA requires that your employer offer you the vaccine free of charge

pathogen

capable of causing disease in a susceptible host

___ provide some of the most unstable and potentially lethal situations an EMS provider will face

car crash

The spread of HIV and hepatitis in the health care setting can usually be traced to:

careless handling of sharps.

If it is not possible to adequately clean your ambulance at the hospital following a call, you should

clean the ambulance at your station in a designated area that is well ventilated.

personal protective equipment (PPE)

clothing or specialized equipment that provides protection to the wearer

cover

concealment for protection

exposure

contact with blood, body fluids, tissues or airborne particles

foodborne transmission

contamination of food or water with an organism that can cause disease

the tactical us of an impenetrable barrier for protection

cover and concealment

You are assessing a woman who was thrown from her horse. She is located in a large field and you can see that a thunderstorm is rapidly approaching. Suddenly, you feel your skin begin to tingle and the hair on your arms stands on end. The ambulance is located about 30 yards away. You should: A. sit down, bend your knees, and hold your crossed arms close to your body. B. immediately lie down on your side and draw your knees into your abdomen. C. crouch down in a position so that only your feet are touching the ground. D. quickly cover the patient with a blanket and then lie down flat on the ground.

crouch down in a position so that only your feet are touching the ground

which of the following occurs when an EMT is exposed to prolonged or excessive stress

cumulative stress reaction

PTSD

delayed stress reaction

reaction to stress that occurs after a stressful situation

delayed stress reaction

the stage of the grieving process that involves refusal to accept diagnosis or care is known as

denial

according to Dr. Kubler-Ross, the stage of the grieving process identified by internalized anger, hopelessness, and the desire to die is:

depression

the stage of the grieving process that involves an open expression of grief, internalized anger, hopelessness, and/or the desire to die

depression

your partner, a veteran EMT who you have worked with regularly for the past 4 years, seems unusually agitated during a call involving an elderly patient. upon arrival back at your station, you note the obvious smell of alcohol on hid breath. what should you do?

discreetly report your suspicions to your supervisor

post exposure management

encompasses reporting, documentation, and treatment

The MOST important consideration at the scene of a hazardous material incident is:

ensuring your personal safety.

at violent situations EMS personnel should

enter the scene only when law enforcement indicated it is safe

PPE

examples include gloves, gowns, and face shields

You are assessing a middle-aged man with chest pain that you suspect is caused by a cardiac problem. The patient tells you that he does not want to go to the hospital and insists that you leave him alone. You should:

explain the seriousness of the situation to him, but avoid causing undue alarm

direct contact

exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact

indirect contact

exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object

occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)

federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforced guidelines concerning safety in the workplace

when providing support for a grieving person it is ok to say which of the following: 1. im sorry 2. give it time 3. I know how you feel 4. you have to keep on going

im sorry

While providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (EMT) several days later. What route of transmission does this scenario describe?

indirect contact

hepatitis

infection of the liver

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function

the goal of standard precautions is to

interrupt the transmission of germs

which of the following signs would indicate that your partner is experiencing significant stress?

isolation from the rest of the crew

if you arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving a truck with a black and white diamond-shaped label stating corrosive that is leaking a fluid, you should

keep a safe distance from the scene and notify dispatch of a hazardous material

you are caring for a 40 year old female who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. her husband, who was driving the vehicle was killed. when the patient asks you if her husband is all right you should:

let clergy or hospital staff relay the bad news if possible

the carrier of an infectious organism

may never know that he has the disease

as an EMT, it is important to remember that the signs and symptoms of cumulative stress:

may not be obvious or present all the time

Prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they:

offer little or no side protection

bloodborne pathogens

pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. these pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus and HIV

if you suspect that a patient has a communicable disease, you may:

pause to don appropriate personal protective equipment

infection control

procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel

cumulative stress reactions

prolonged or excessive stress

standard precautions

protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC and Prevention for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease

When treating a patient who is trapped in a vehicle and covered with broken glass, it is BEST to wear:

puncture-proof leather gloves over your latex gloves

delayed stress reaction

reaction to stress that occurs after a stressful situation

acute stress reactions

reaction to stress that occurs during a stressful situation

OSHA

regulatory compliance agency

Quid pro quo, a type of sexual harassment, occurs when the harasser:

requests sexual favors in exchange for something else.

emergency response guidebook

resource detailing common hazards and proper responses

vector-borne transmission

spread of infection by animals or insects that carry an organism from one person or place to another

airborne transmission

spreading an infectious agent through mechanisms such as droplets or dust ex: cold

infection

the abnormal invasion of a host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease

immune

the body's ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease

general adaptation syndrome

the body's response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged exhaustion

general adaption syndrome

the body's response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion

foodborne transmission

the contamination of food or water with an organism that can caus disease

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

the federal regulatory compliance agency that develops publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace

designated officer

the individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues

host

the organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent

contamination

the presence of infectious organisms in or on objects or a patient's body

contamination

the presence of infectious organisms or foreign bodies on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient's body

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

the primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the US. It is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services

general adaption syndrome

the process of alarm, reaction, and recovery

cover and concealment

the tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection

vector-borne transmission

the use of an animal to spread an organism from one person or place to another

transmission

the way in which an infectious agent is spread

transmission

the way in which an infectious disease is spread: contact, airborne, by vehicles, or vectors

which of the following statements would NOT be appropriate to say to the family of a dying patient? 1. its ok to be angry and sad 2. tell me how you are feeling 3. this must be painful for you 4. things will get better in time

things will get better in time

if you are exposed to a patient's blood or other bodily fluid, your first action should be to:

transfer care of your patient to another EMS Provider

the way in which an infectious disease is spread: contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors

transmission

from the age of 1 to the age of 40 ___ is the leading cause of death

trauma

sexual harassment

unwanted sexual advance

Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used:

when performing endotracheal intubation

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

- the primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the U.S. - part of the US Department of Health and Human Services

when grieving family members may express

1. rage 2. anger 3. despair

what are some strategies that EMTs may use to positively manage the stress of the job

1. sustaining friends and interests outside of EMS 2. regular physical activity 3. eating a balanced diet of carbs, protein, and limited fats

vaccinations are available to protect you from certain communicable diseases. Recommended immunizations include:

1. tetanus-diphtheria booster 2. flu shot 3. hepatitis B vaccine

what are the three stages of the body's reaction to stress (general adaptation syndrome)

1. the alarm response 2. reaction and resistance 3. recovery or exhaustion

to protect yourself from disease transmission you should

1. wear vinyl or latex gloves on all EMS calls 2. assume every patient is potentially infected 3. wash your hands after every call

a critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no longer than ___ hours following the incident

72

HIV

AIDS is caused by HIV which damages the cells in the body's immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers

PTSD

a delayed stress reaction to a prior incident. this delayed reaction is often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident

communicable disease

a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another

infectious disease

a medical condition caused by the growth ad spread of small harmful organisms within the body

infectious disease

a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body

pathogen

a microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible hose

critical incident stress management (CISM)

a process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing the emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium

which of the following statements regarding a patient with a behavioral crisis is correct? 1. people who say that they are hearing voices are usually bluffing you 2. depression accounts for a very small percentage of violent attacks 3. a quiet patient is not as likely to attack you as one who is screaming 4. a past history of violence is an unreliable indicator of future violence

a quiet patient is not as likely to attack you as one who is screaming

exposure

a situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur

the stage of grieving where the person is ready to die is known as

acceptance

when dealing with the death of a child, the EMT should:

acknowledge to the family that the child is dead

a 15 year old boy was killed when he was struck by a car while riding his bike. he has numerous disfiguring injuries and has been placed in the back of the ambulance to shield him from curious bystanders. when the child's parents arrive at the scene, they demand to see him you should:

advise them that their son had severely disfiguring injuries and ask them if there is anyone they would like you to contact first