EMT Chapter 25: Bleeding
An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.
100 mL
The body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than ___ of blood volume
20%
The brain and spinal cord usually cannot go for more than ____ minutes without perfusion, or the nerve cells will be permanently damaged
4 to 6
A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?
Apply a hemostatic agent with direct pressure
What part of the human body helps the cardiovascular system adapt to changes in order to maintain homeostasis?
Autonomic nervous system
Significant blood loss demands your immediate attention as soon as the _____ has been managed.
Controlling major external bleeding is always the priority.
You respond to a 25-year-old man who has cut his arm with a circular saw. The bleeding appears to be bright red and spurting. The patient is alert and oriented and converses with you freely. He appears to be stable at this point. What is your first step in controlling his bleeding?
Following standard precautions
A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today?
High blood pressure
_____ bleeding is any bleeding in a cavity or space inside the body.
Internal
Which of the following is NOT a cause of nontraumatic internal bleeding?
Laceration
Which of the following inhibits the body's ability to control bleeding?
Medications that interfere with normal clotting
Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?
Platelets collect at the injury site
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the formation of blood clots?
Pumping function of the heart
_____ is inadequate tissue perfusion.
Shock
Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours?
Skeletal muscle
Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?
The filtering of blood cells in the spleen
The cardiovascular system consists of all of the following EXCEPT:
a battery
If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:
a tourniquet proximal to the injury
When treating a patient with signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock and no outward signs of bleeding, always consider the possibility of bleeding into the:
abdomen
Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:
ability of the blood to effectively clot
The most common symptom of internal abdominal bleeding is:
acute abdominal pain
Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:
applying local direct pressure
The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:
arterioles
An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:
body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).
Blood contains all of the following EXCEPT:
cerebrospinal fluid
When using an air splint to control bleeding in a fractured extremity, you should reassess the ____ frequently
circulation in the injured extremity
The process of blood clotting and plugging the hole is called:
coagulation
The function of the blood is to ____ all of the body's cells and tissues
deliver nutrients to
In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:
dizziness upon standing.
A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:
follow appropriate standard precautions
Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:
hematemesis.
A lack of one or more of the blood's clotting factors is called
hemophilia
The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:
how rapidly he or she bleeds.
If the typical adult loses more than 1L of blood, significant changes in vital signs, such as ___ will occur
increased respiratory rate
The_____ is the thickest chamber of the heart
left ventricle
Blood enters the left atrium from the:
lungs
The first sign of hypovolemic shock is a change in:
mental status
The _____ only require(s) a minimal blood supply when at rest.
muscles
You should consider bleeding to be serious if all of the following conditions are present EXCEPT:
no mechanism of injury
Blood leaves each chamber of a normal heart through a(n):
one-way valve
Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
pain and distension
When applying a bandage to hold a dressing in place, stretch the bandage tight enough to control the bleeding. You should still be able to ____ after the bandage is secure
palpate a distal pulse
For a patient with suspected internal bleeding, you should assess circulation by checking the pulse for:
rate and quality
If bleeding continues after applying a pressure dressing, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:
remove the dressing and apply another sterile dressing
During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:
repeat the primary assessment
The systemic veins function by:
returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
You and your partner respond to a patient who has had his hand nearly severed by a drill press. As you approach, you note that the patient is pale and there appears to be a lot of blood on the floor. The wound continues to bleed copiously. After applying a tourniquet, you write _____ and _____ on a piece of adhesive tape and apply it to the patient's forehead.
the letters "TK"; the exact time applied
Blood enters the right atrium from the:
vena cava