EMT Chapter 25 ( Block 6)

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding? Select one: A. Air splint B. Sling and swathe C. Vacuum splint D. Cardboard splint

A. Air splint

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding? Select one: A. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure B. Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport C. Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis D. Position the patient with his injured side down

A. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

You respond to a 25-year-old man who has cut his arm with a circular saw. The bleeding appears to be bright red and spurting. The patient is alert and oriented and converses with you freely. He appears to be stable at this point. What is your first step in controlling his bleeding? Select one: A. Following standard precautions B. Applying direct pressure C. Maintaining the airway D. Elevating the arm

A. Following standard precautions

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today? Select one: A. High blood pressure B. Hemorrhagic stroke C. His prescribed albuterol D. Diabetic complications

A. High blood pressure

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? Select one: A. Right B. Ventricles C. Left D. Atria

A. Right

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours? Select one: A. Skeletal muscle B. Heart C. Kidneys D. Brain

A. Skeletal muscle

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding? Select one: A. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto). B. The patient has a history of hypertension. C. The patient had a stroke 5 years prior. D. The patient has not eaten in 24 hours.

A. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the: Select one: A. arterioles. B. vena cavae. C. venules. D. capillary arteries.

A. arterioles.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: Select one: A. assist the patient's ventilations. B. apply a nonrebreathing mask. C. obtain baseline vital signs. D. perform a secondary assessment.

A. assist the patient's ventilations.

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: Select one: A. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C). B. body's demand for oxygen is markedly increased. C. heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min. D. systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg.

A. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: Select one: A. dizziness upon standing. B. a decreasing blood pressure. C. a rapid, thready pulse. D. rapid, shallow breathing.

A. dizziness upon standing.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: Select one: A. follow appropriate standard precautions. B. perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment. C. apply direct pressure to the wound. D. place the patient on high-flow oxygen.

A. follow appropriate standard precautions.

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by: Select one: A. splinting the extremity. B. keeping the patient warm. C. applying a tourniquet. D. applying chemical ice pack.

A. splinting the extremity.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: Select one: A. systolic blood pressure. B. clinical signs and symptoms. C. poor general appearance. D. the mechanism of injury.

A. systolic blood pressure.

Significant blood loss demands your immediate attention as soon as the _____ has been managed. Select one: A. airway B. Controlling major external bleeding is always the priority. C. extrication D. fracture

B. Controlling major external bleeding is always the priority.

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? Select one: A. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting. B. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. C. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets. D. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.

B. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

_____ is inadequate tissue perfusion. Select one: A. Hyperperfusion B. Shock C. Contraction D. Hypertension

B. Shock

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: Select one: A. packing the wound with gauze. B. applying local direct pressure. C. compressing a pressure point. D. elevating the injured extremity.

B. applying local direct pressure.

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to: Select one: A. the part of the body injured. B. how rapidly he or she bleeds. C. his or her baseline blood pressure. D. how fast his or her heart beats.

B. how rapidly he or she bleeds.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when: Select one: A. at least 10% of the patient's blood volume is lost. B. the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss. C. the patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 120 mm Hg. D. the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced.

B. the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

You and your partner respond to a patient who has had his hand nearly severed by a drill press. As you approach, you note that the patient is pale and there appears to be a lot of blood on the floor. The wound continues to bleed copiously. After applying a tourniquet, you write _____ and _____ on a piece of adhesive tape and apply it to the patient's forehead. Select one: A. the patient's name; tourniquet location B. the letters "TK"; the exact time applied C. the date and time; estimated amount of blood loss D. your last name; unit number

B. the letters "TK"; the exact time applied

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be: Select one: A. diaphoresis and pale skin. B. weakness or dizziness. C. a heart rate over 120 beats/min. D. a low blood pressure.

B. weakness or dizziness.

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues? Select one: A. Platelets B. Plasma C. Red blood cells D. White blood cells

C. Red blood cells

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: Select one: A. systolic blood pressure exclusively. B. white blood cells' ability to fight infection. C. ability of the blood to effectively clot. D. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen.

C. ability of the blood to effectively clot.

The _____ only require(s) a minimal blood supply when at rest. Select one: A. heart B. lungs C. muscles D. kidneys

C. muscles

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______. Select one: A. hypoperfusion B. coagulation C. perfusion D. hemorrhage

C. perfusion

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost. Select one: A. 150 mL B. 200 mL C. 50 mL D. 100 mL

D. 100 mL

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. Select one: A. 5% B. 10% C. 15% D. 20%

D. 20%

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________. Select one: A. apply direct pressure first B. use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound C. cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding? Select one: A. Clotting B. Coagulation C. Vasoconstriction D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)? Select one: A. Kidneys B. Brain C. Skeletal muscle D. Gastrointestinal system

D. Gastrointestinal system

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured? Select one: A. Local blood vessels begin to dilate B. Red blood cells become less sticky C. Red blood cells separate from plasma D. Platelets collect at the injury site

D. Platelets collect at the injury site

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body? Select one: A. An intact system of blood vessels B. Adequate blood in the vasculature C. An effectively pumping heart D. The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

D. The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: Select one: A. a splint and elevate the extremity. B. digital pressure to a proximal artery. C. additional sterile dressings. D. a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

D. a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: Select one: A. acute appendicitis. B. intrathoracic hemorrhaging. C. an aortic aneurysm. D. gastrointestinal bleeding.

D. gastrointestinal bleeding.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: Select one: A. hemoptysis. B. dyspnea. C. hematuria. D. hematemesis.

D. hematemesis.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: Select one: A. widespread ecchymosis. B. bruising only. C. significant hypotension. D. pain and distention.

D. pain and distention.

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes: Select one: A. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops. B. placing a rolled 4² × 4² dressing between his lower lip and gum. C. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine. D. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

D. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

The systemic veins function by: Select one: A. returning oxygen-rich blood back to the left atrium. B. delivering deoxygenated blood to the capillaries. C. delivering oxygen-poor blood to the capillaries. D. returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

D. returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the: Select one: A. pancreas. B. gallbladder. C. liver. D. spleen.

D. spleen.

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding. B. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first. C. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control. D. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

D. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

_____ bleeding is any bleeding in a cavity or space inside the body.

Internal

hollow muscular organ

heart

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

pulmonary veins

lower chamber of the heart

ventricle

largest artery in the body

aorta

upper chamber of the heart

atrium

link arterioles and veins

capillaries