EMT Chapters 25-27

Which of the following is considered a severe burn? A. Any full-thickness burn B. 20% partial-thickness burn C. 10% full-thickness burn with abrasions D. 5% full-thickness burn with a fracture

D. 5% full-thickness burn with a fracture

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

an air embolism

What is an abrasion?

an injury that rubs off the surface of the skin

The MOST appropriate way to dress and bandage an open abdominal wound with a loop and bowel protruding from it is to:

apply a moist, sterile dressing to the wound and secure with an occlusive dressing

A 5 year old boy was burned when he pulled a barbecue grill over on himself. He has partial- and full-thickness burns to his anterior chest and the circumferentially on both arms. What percentage of his BSA has been burned?

27%

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition? A. Compression of the head against the roof B. Impact of the head against the steering wheel C. Whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover D. Lateral bending of the neck during the crash

A. Compression of the head against the roof

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely? A. Head injury B. Pulmonary contusion C. Multiple rib fractures D. Cardiac contusion

A. Head injury

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct? A. The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA B. A child's head is equal to 14% of his or her total BSA C. The anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total BSA D. The posterior of a child's leg is equal to 13.5% of the BSA

A. The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would most likely control the bleeding? A. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure. B. Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis. C. Position the patient with his injured side down. D. Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport.

A. apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: A. apply direct pressure to the wound. B. cover the patient with a blanket. C. provide high-flow oxygen. D. obtain baseline vital signs.

A. apply direct pressure to the wound

All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except: A. capillary bleeding. B. slow, shallow breathing. C. severe hemorrhage. D. airway obstruction.

A. capillary bleeding

Perfusion is most accurately defined as the: A. circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs. B. effective transfer of oxygen from the venules across the systemic capillary membrane walls. C. effective removal of carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products from the body's cells. D. ability of the systemic arteries to constrict as needed to maintain an adequate blood pressure.

A. circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the boyd's metabolib needs

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should: A. control the bleeding with direct pressure. B. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound. C. apply oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask. D. ensure the patient has a patent airway.

A. control the bleeding with direct pressure

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash? A. Deformed steering wheel B. Collapsed dashboard C. Intrathoracic hemorrhage D. Caved-in passenger door

A. deformed steering wheel

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave? A. Eardrum rupture B. Fractured bones C. Impaled objects D. Severe burns

A. eardrum rupture

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must: A. have general surgeons in-house 24 hours a day. B. have access to an emergency physician within 30 minutes. C. be able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility. D. be involved in trauma prevention programs.

A. have general surgeons in-house 24 hours a day

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. immobilization of the injury B. control of external hemorrhage C. prevention of contamination D. protection from further injury

A. immobilization of the injury

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma: A. is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped. B. should be controlled by packing the nostril with gauze. C. should be assumed to be caused by a fractured septum. D. is usually due to hypertension caused by the head injury.

A. is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be: A. weakness or dizziness. B. a heart rate over 120 beats/min. C. a low blood pressure. D. diaphoresis and pale skin.

A. weakness or dizziness

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the airbag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: A. neck and facial injuries. B. lower extremity fractures. C. open abdominal trauma. D. blunt trauma to the head.

A. neck and facial injuries

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes: A. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward. B. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine. C. placing a rolled 4 × 4-inch dressing between his lower lip and gum. D. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops.

A. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy: A. quadruples. B. doubles. C. triples. D. is not affected.

A. quadruples

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an airbag that did not deploy upon impact, you should: A. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you. B. realize that the airbag malfunctioned at the time of impact. C. suspect that the patient may have experienced serious injuries. D. recognize that the force of impact was most likely not severe.

A. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours? A. Skeletal muscle B. Heart C. Kidneys D. Brain

A. skeletal muscle

Which of the following findings would be the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding? A. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xarelto). B. The patient has a history of hypertension. C. The patient had a stroke five years prior. D. The patient has not eaten in 24 hours.

A. the patient takes rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the _____________ spine during a rear-end crash. A. thoracic and lumbar B. thoracic and sacral C. lumbar and coccygeal D. lumbar and sacral

A. thoracic and lumbar

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include: A. transport to a trauma center. B. a secondary assessment at the scene. C. transport to a community hospital. D. a focused exam of her forearm.

A. transport to a trauma center

Signs of developing shock

Anxiety or agitation Changes in mental status Increased heart rate Increased respiratory rate Diaphoresis Cool or clammy skin Decreased blood pressure

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Aortic rupture

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

Assess distal circulation and readjust the bandages as needed

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His revised trauma score (RTS) is: A. 10. B. 9. C. 8. D. 11.

B. 9

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old? A. Superficial burn covering 50% of the BSA B. Circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest C. Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the body surface area D. Full-thickness burn to 5% of the BSA

B. Circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin? A. Scalp B. Ears C. Back D. Soles of the feet

B. Ears

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: A. additional sterile dressings. B. a tourniquet proximal to the injury. C. a splint and elevate the extremity. D. digital pressure to a proximal artery.

B. a tourniquet proximal to the injury

Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding? A. Vacuum splint B. Air splint C. Sling and swathe D. Cardboard splint

B. air splint

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: A. packing the wound with gauze. B. applying local direct pressure. C. compressing a pressure point. D. elevating the injured extremity.

B. applying local direct pressure

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first: A. determine if the patient was propelled away from the vehicle. B. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian. C. determine if the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle. D. evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for structural damage.

B. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is rapid and irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for: A. traumatic rupture of the aorta. B. bruising of the heart muscle. C. a lacerated coronary artery. D. underlying cardiac disease.

B. bruising of the heart muscle

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as: A. congruent. B. cavitation. C. conversion. D. capitation.

B. cavitation

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: A. a decreasing blood pressure. B. dizziness upon standing. C. rapid, shallow breathing. D. a rapid, thready pulse.

B. dizziness upon standing

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the: A. rear end of the vehicle is initially struck. B. headrest is appropriately positioned. C. patient tenses up at the time of impact. D. airbag correctly deploys upon impact.

B. headrest is appropraitely positioned

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to: A. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact. B. identify contact points and predict potential injuries. C. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact. D. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash.

B. identify contact points and predict potential injuries

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she: A. experiences multiple impacts. B. is ejected or partially ejected. C. is wearing only a lap belt. D. remains within the vehicle.

B. is ejected or partially ejected

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the: A. kinetic energy. B. mechanism of injury. C. potential energy. D. index of suspicion.

B. mechanism of injury

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: A. significant hypotension. B. pain and distention. C. widespread ecchymosis. D. bruising only.

B. pain and distention

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should: A. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound. B. place additional dressings over the wound. C. splint the arm and keep it below heart level. D. replace the dressing with another dressing.

B. place additional dressings over the wound

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured? A. Red blood cells separate from plasma. B. Platelets collect at the injury site. C. Local blood vessels begin to dilate. D. Red blood cells become less sticky.

B. platelets collect at the injury site

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for: A. injury to the cervical spine. B. potential airway compromise. C. damage to internal structures. D. alterations in his mental status

B. potential airway compromise

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height? A. Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy; the potential energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop. B. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop. C. As the person falls, the amount of kinetic energy is converted into work; work is then converted to kinetic energy upon impact. D. Potential energy is created as the person is falling; the potential energy is then converted into kinetic energy upon impact.

B. potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts? A. Rear-end and rotational B. Rotational and rollover C. Lateral and rollover D. Frontal and rotational

B. rotational and rollover

After blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be most suspicious of injury to the: A. pancreas. B. spleen. C. kidneys. D. gallbladder

B. spleen

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should: A. transport the survivors only if they have injuries or complain of pain. B. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma. C. allow the survivors to refuse transport if they have no obvious injuries. D. rapidly assess only the survivors who have experienced obvious trauma.

B. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma

Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct? A. Internal injuries caused by low-velocity bullets are usually easy to predict. B. The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body. C. It is usually easy to differentiate between an entrance wound and an exit wound. D. Exit wounds are typically easy to locate with low-energy penetrating injuries.

B. the area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body

Functions of the skin include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. regulation of body temperature B. the production of key antibodies C. maintenance of water balance D. sending information to the brain

B. the production of key antibodies

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? A. Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma. B. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced. C. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced. D. High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries.

B. the speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury proceeded

Force acting over a distance is the definition of: A. potential energy. B. work. C. kinetic energy. D. latent energy.

B. work

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: A. a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries. B. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries. C. the way in which traumatic injuries occur. D. the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries.

B. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost. A. 50 mL B. 150 mL C. 200 mL D. 100 mL

D. 100 mL

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. A. 5% B. 10% C. 20% D. 15%

C. 20%

What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male? A. 5.25 L B. 6.25 L C. 6.0 L D. 6.50 L

C. 6.0 L

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the: A. Mouth B. Nose C. Lips D. Anus

C. Lips

Which of the following statements regarding chemical burns is FALSE? A. Most chemical burns are caused by string acids or alkalis B. Fumes of the strong chemicals can cause burns to the respiratory tract. C. Prior to removing a dry chemical, you should flush the area with sterile water D. You should not attempt to neutralize an acid burn with an alkaline chemical

C. Prior to removing a dry chemical, you should flush the area with sterile water

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash? A. Extremity fractures B. Flail chest C. Aortic rupture D. Forehead lacerations

C. aortic rupture

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the: A. venules. B. capillary arteries. C. arterioles. D. vena cavae.

C. arterioles

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should: A. use a demand valve to ventilate the patient. B. suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade. C. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure. D. administer large amounts of intravenous fluid.

C. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure

An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: A. heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min. B. systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg. C. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C). D. body's demand for oxygen is markedly increased.

C. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6ºF (37.0ºC)

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of collisions in a typical impact in a motor vehicular crash? A. Collision of the internal organs against the body's solid structures B. Collision of a car against another car, a tree, or another object C. Collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicle D. Collision of the passenger against the interior of the car

C. collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicles

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is mostrelated to: A. how fast his or her heart beats. B. his or her baseline blood pressure. C. how rapidly he or she bleeds. D. the part of the body injured.

C. how rapidly he or she bleeds

The energy of a moving object is called: A. latent energy. B. potential energy. C. kinetic energy. D. converted energy.

C. kinetic energy

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during: A. rear-end collisions. B. rollover collisions. C. lateral collisions. D. frontal collisions

C. lateral collisions

Hypovolemic shock occurs when: A. at least 10% of the patient's blood volume is lost. B. the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced. C. low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion. D. the patient's systolic BP is less than 100 mm Hg.

C. low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: A. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls. B. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury. C. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position. D. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma.

C. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? A. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting. B. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets. C. Patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously. D. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.

C. patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously

Hypoperfusion is another name for: A. hypoxemia. B. cellular death. C. shock. D. cyanosis.

C. shock

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is most often controlled by: A. keeping the patient warm. B. applying chemical ice pack. C. splinting the extremity. D. applying a tourniquet.

C. splinting the extremity

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: A. inspect the helmet for cracks. B. leave her bicycle helmet on. C. stabilize her entire spine. D. obtain baseline vital signs.

C. stabilize her entire spine

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except: A. clinical signs and symptoms. B. poor general appearance. C. systolic blood pressure. D. the mechanism of injury.

C. systolic blood pressure

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body? A. An intact system of blood vessels B. An effectively pumping heart C. The filtering of blood cells in the spleen D. Adequate blood in the vasculature

C. the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is most important to recall that: A. the patient might be significantly hypertensive. B. many medications interfere with blood clotting. C. the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration. D. a detailed exam is needed to determine the cause.

C. the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration

Regardless of the type of tourniquet used, it is important to remember that: A. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first. B. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control. C. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released. D. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding.

C. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of collisions in a typical impact in a motor vehicular crash?

Collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicle

A closed-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):

Contusion

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: A. systolic blood pressure exclusively. B. white blood cells' ability to fight infection. C. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. D. ability of the blood to effectively clot.

D. ability of the blood to effectively clot

Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding? A. Pack the wound with a hemostatic impregnated gauze. B. Apply a tourniquet to an extremity above the level of the bleeding. C. Apply direct pressure over the wound with a dry, sterile dressing. D. Apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard.

D. apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard

A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. He is conscious but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. There is no external bleeding noted. The EMT should: A. stabilize his pelvis by placing him onto his side. B. elevate his legs, keep him warm, and transport. C. assess his blood pressure to detect hypotension. D. apply a compression device around his pelvis.

D. apply a compression device around his pelvis

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then: A. obtain baseline vital signs. B. apply a cervical collar. C. auscultate bowel sounds. D. assess for an exit wound.

D. assess for an exit wound

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include: A. multiple rib fractures. B. vomiting blood. C. an irregular pulse. D. coughing up blood.

D. coughing up blood

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma? A. Dismounted seats B. Intrusion into the vehicle C. Steering wheel collapse D. Deployment of the airbag

D. deployment of the airbag

When a driver is in a car equipped with an airbag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the airbag deploys upon impact. A. windshield B. dashboard C. steering wheel D. door

D. door

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control? A. Jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg B. Antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg C. Carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg D. Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

D. femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90mmHg

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: A. dyspnea. B. hemoptysis. C. hematuria. D. hematemesis.

D. hematemesis

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. His skin is cold and moist. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The mostappropriate treatment for this patient includes: A. applying oxygen via nasal cannula. B. performing a focused physical exam. C. a detailed assessment of his abdomen. D. preparing for immediate transport.

D. preparing for immediate transport

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that: A. solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave. B. primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious. C. secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious. D. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

D. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma? A. Elevation of the lower extremities B. Intravenous fluid administration C. Early administration of oxygen D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

D. rapid transport to a trauma center

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. the height of the fall. B. the primary impact point. C. the surface struck. D. the speed of the fall.

D. the speed of the fall

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because: A. veins carry deoxygenated blood. B. blood typically oozes from a vein. C. veins hold smaller blood volume. D. veins are under a lower pressure.

D. veins are under a lower pressure

Capillaries link the arterioles and the: A. cells. B. veins. C. aorta. D. venules.

D. venules

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

Energy transmission to the spine

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

Epidermis

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

Rotational and rollover

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

What is a laceration?

a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh. Can be smooth or jagged

A compression injury that is sever enough to cut off blood flow below the injury is called:

a local thrombus

What are four types of open injuries?

abrasions lacerations avulsions penetrating wounds

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

assess for an exit wound.

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:

avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

When treating a patient with partial-thickness burn, you should:

avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics

An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):

avulsion

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

brush away the chemical before flushing with water

A 22 year old male was attacked by a rival gang and has a large knife impaled in the center of his chest. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should:

carefully remove the knife, control any bleeding, begin CPR, and transport

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:

carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.

The primary reason for applying a sterile dressing to an open injury is to:

control external bleeding

A young male was struck in the forearm with a baseball and complains of pain to the area. Slight swelling and ecchymosis are present, but no external bleeding. Which type of injury does this describe?

contusion

primary blast injury

damage caused by the blast wave and sudden pressure changes

Airbags are designed to:

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

dermal layer

When a driver is in a car equipped with an airbag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the airbag deploys upon impact.

door

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are:

falls and motor vehicle collisions.

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

headrest is appropriately positioned.

In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:

infection

secondary blast injury

injuries due to flying debris

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

is ejected or partially ejected.

A hematoma develops when:

large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the:

mechanism of injury.

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the airbag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

neck and facial injuries.

An abdominal evisceration:

occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for:

potential airway compromise.

A 45 year old convience store clerk was shot in the right anterior chest during a robbery. Your assessment reveals that the wound has blood bubbling from it every time the patient breaths. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

prevent air from entering the wound

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to:

remain alert for severe underlying injuries

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an airbag that did not deploy upon impact, you should:

remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

What is an avulsion?

separation of various layers of soft tissue so that they become either completely detached or hang as a flap

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

superficial burn

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because:

the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the _____________ spine during a rear-end crash.

thoracic and lumbar

Dressings and bandages have three functions:

to control bleeding protect the wound from further damage prevent further contamination and infection

You should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if:

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.

What effects will the application of an ice pack have on a hematoma?

vasoconstriction and decreases bleeding

Tertiary blast injury

victim is thrown or hurled by the force of the explosion, perhaps into an object