Emt final 15-100

When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar

after assessing distal neurovascular functions.

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury Is correct

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

Which of the following injuries would most likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Aortic rupture

It would be MOST appropriate to perform a focused secondary assessment on a patient who:

fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position.

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control?

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain Because:

the nerve endings have been destroyed.

When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:

the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:

it interferes with your assessment of the airway.

A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The most appropriate care for this patient includes:

leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together.

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when:

normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms.

A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing abdominal pain. When law enforcement arrived, the patient became violent, necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess a patient, he tells you that killing someone will make his abdominal pain go away. His vital signs are stable. How should you manage this situation?

Request a police officer to accompany in the ambulance

Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as "roofies"?

Rohypnol

The cervical spine is composed of vertebrae.

7

Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys your commands to move her extremities. You should assign her a GCS score of:

14

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover ______ of his body surface area.

18%

A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?

3

A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head, face, and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?

30%

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:

9

You are dispatched to a residence for a 10-year-old female who complains of lower abdominal pain, fever and chills, and a foul smelling vaginal discharge. Which of the following additional assessment findings would increase your index of suspicion for pelvic inflammatory disease?

A shuffling gait when walking

Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding?

Apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard.

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?

Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?

Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should:

Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

You are assessing a man with a head injury and note that cerebrospinal fluid is leaking from his ear. You should recognize that this patient is at risk for:

Bacterial meningitis

A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your m assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the nouse. You should:

Begin cpr and apply the aed

A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount or blood has soaked through it. You should:

Calmly identify yourself to the patient

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition?

Compression of the head against the roof

Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct

Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

Energy transmission to the spine

Which of the following breathing patterns Is most indicative of increased intracranial pressure:

Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea

Your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an intoxicated inmate. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, lying supine in a jail cell. He is responsive to Painful stimuli only and has slow shallow respirations. You should be most concerned that this patient:

May vomit and aspirate

A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unresponsive and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adiacent table. You should:

Open the patients airway and assess his respirations

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in both men and women.

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

Place additional dressings over the wound

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. His skin is cold and moist. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

Preparing for immediate transport

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managina problems associated with airway breathing and circulation it is most important for you to:

Stabilize her entire spine

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has blood secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:

Suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds

Which of the following statements regarding a basilar skull fracture is correct?

The absence of raccoon eyes or Battle's sign does not rule it out.

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a rapid, thready pulse.

A reflex arc occurs when:

a sensory nerve detects an irritating stimulus and bypasses the brain by sending a direct message to the motor nerve.

The meninges, along with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that circulates in between each meningeal layer, function by:

acting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord.

During your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should:

administer O2 and prepare for rapid transport

A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

aggressively manage his airway.

After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should:

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

assess for an exit wound

During your assessment of a young female with nontraumatic vaginal bleeding, you note that her level of consciousness is decreased, her respirations are rapid and shallow. her skin is cool and moist. and her pulse is rapid and weak. You should:

assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:

avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

When controlling bleeding from a scalp laceration with a suspected underlying skull fracture, you should:

avoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage.

A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of:

axial loading

Which of the following head injuries would cause the patient's condition to deteriorate most rapidly:

epidural hematoma

The most important immediate treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is to:

establish an adequate airway.

Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing triad?

blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min

The is the best-protected part of the CNS and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems.

brain stem

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:

compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain.

Which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor Impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another?

connecting

When assessing a conscious patient with a mechanism of injury that suggests spinal injury, you should

determine if the strength in all extremities is equal.

When immobilizing a patient on a long backboard, you should:

ensure that you secure the torso before securing the head.

In the setting of a head injury, hypertension, bradycardia, and Biot respirations indicate:

herniation of the brain stem.

The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by:

immediate reassessment following the intervention.

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:

immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, irregular breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your pantner maintains manual In-line stabilization or her head, you should:

instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called an

intracerebral hematoma

If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT should assume that she:

is in shock

Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n):

laryngeal fracture

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

lateral collisions

Regarding the pediatric rule of nines, the:

legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's legs.

When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is most important to monitor the patient's:

level of consciousness

Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consistent with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

lower abdominal pain, fever, general malaise, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge

A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:

padding between the ear and the scalp.

When a person is exposed to a cold environment:

peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.

When immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should:

place padding under the child's shoulders as needed.

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:

provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT:

pupillary constriction

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:

retrograde amnesia

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates:

rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT:

superficial scalp lacerations.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where firefighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed, and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be most concerned with:

the potential for airway swelling.

You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very Slow. Immediate management for this patient should include:

thoroughly suctioning her oropharynx

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

turn the backboard onto its side.

If you do not have the appropriate size cervical collar, you should:

use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.

A female patient with a suspected head injury has slow, shallow breathing. The most appropriate treatment for her includes:

ventilation assistance to maintain an ETCO2 of 30 to 35 mm Hq.

A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred?

ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

You respond to a local motel for a young female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious but confused. She tells you that the last thing she remembers was drinking beer at a club with her friends the night before. When She awoke, She was in the bed of the motel room. You should suspect that this patient.

was given flunitrazepam (Rohypnol).