EMT Pre/Post Quizzes (Ch. 6-8)
Age-related changes in the renal system result in:
a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.
As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:
alveoli
The central nervous system is composed of the:
brain and spinal cord.
Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in
constriction of the blood vessels
Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:
contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange.
It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease.
decontaminate
The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.
diaphragm
Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:
diffusion
Breathing occurs as the result of a(n): A. decrease in carbon dioxide, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. B. increase in oxygen, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. C. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. D. decrease in oxygen, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.
increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.
A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:
heat.
The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:
hypoxic drive.
If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:
minute volume is decreased.
The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________.
normal
You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transport, you should place her: A. in a position of comfort. B. on her left side. C. supine with her legs elevated. D. in the Fowler position.
on her left side.
To protect a restrained patient and prevent him from using leverage to break free, the EMT should secure __________. A. both arms at the patient's sides B. only the patient's torso C. both arms above the head D. one arm above the head
one arm above the head
The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.
orbit
An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:
the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.
Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:
ureters
To facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should: A. use preparatory commands to initiate any moves. B. speak softly but clearly to avoid startling the patient. C. never become involved in the move, only direct the move. D. be positioned at the feet so the team can hear.
use preparatory commands to initiate any moves.
When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid: A. flexing your body at the knees. B. the use of a long backboard or scoop stretcher. C. using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible. D. the use of more than two EMTs.
using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible.
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:
ventricular contraction.
Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:
. stroke volume and heart rate.
Children of which age group are considered toddlers?
1-3 years
At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?
10 to 18 months
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
12-20 breaths/min
When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ________ in front of your torso.
15 to 20 inches
The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:
19 and 25 years.
The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system.
6 L
The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:
70 beats/min
During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.
70 to 80 mL
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
9 and 18 months.
A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between:
90 and 140 mm Hg
In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient? A. A pedestrian with back pain after being struck by a car B. A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain C. An unconscious patient with a possible ischemic stroke D. A patient who complains of hip pain following a fall
A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain
Which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is NOT correct? A. Both sides of the patient must be accessible for a scoop stretcher to be used. B. The construction of the scoop stretcher prohibits X-rays while the patient is on it. C. A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column. D. You must fully secure the patient to the scoop stretcher before moving him or her.
A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column.
Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard? A. Joint flexibility B. Naturally deformed bones C. Patient disorientation D. Abnormal spinal curvature
Abnormal spinal curvature
All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?
Brain stem
___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures.
Hydrostatic
A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?
Obstructive
Which of the following statements regarding patient weight distribution is correct? A. The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso. B. Most of the patient's weight rests on the foot end of the stretcher. C. A semi-sitting patient's weight is equally distributed on both ends. D. The EMT at the patient's head will bear the least amount of weight.
The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso.
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
To transport a mature egg to the uterus
Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct? A. The spine must be fully immobilized prior to performing an emergency move. B. It is not possible to perform an emergency move without injuring the patient. C. The patient is dragged against the body's long axis during an emergency move. D. An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment.
An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment
Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? A. By 6 months of age, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg. B. An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month. C. An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min. D. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.
An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.
Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?
Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production
Which is the MOST appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to a wheeled stretcher? A. Extremity carry B. Draw sheet method C. Direct carry D. Log roll
Draw sheet method
Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? A. Skeletal B. Reproductive C. Nervous D. Endocrine
Endocrine
Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? A. Increased weight B. Medical conditions C. Medications D. Overall health
Increased weight
Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system? A. It relies on muscle movement to circulate lymph. B. It circulates waste products of metabolism away from cells. C. It circulates oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells. D. Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body.
Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body.
An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient?
Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard.
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury? A. Portable stretcher B. Wheeled stretcher C. Scoop stretcher D. Long backboard
Long backboard
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? A. Temperature regulation B. Pressure and pain perception C. Sensory reception D. Metabolic coordination
Metabolic coordination
Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? A. Walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions B. Responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently C. Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up D. Knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance
Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up
You and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your MOST appropriate action? A. Perform a rapid assessment and then move the patients from their residence. B. Quickly exit the residence and request the fire department to move the patients. C. Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag. D. Request another ambulance to assist with lifting and moving the patients.
Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag.
Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group? A. The normal pulse rate steadily increases. B. Muscle and bone growth both decrease. C. Secondary sexual development begins. D. The systolic blood pressure decreases.
Secondary sexual development begins.
Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? A. Skeletal system B. Gastrointestinal tract C. Blood vessels D. Urinary system
Skeletal system
Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?
Spleen
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?
The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure.
Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? A. An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body. B. When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch. C. When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward. D. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.
The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. Feedback Chapter 7, p
Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?
They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands
Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. a patient who blocks access to another seriously injured patient. B. a patient whose condition requires immediate transport to the hospital. C. a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle. D. a patient who needs immediate care that requires a supine position.
a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle
In preconventional reasoning, children:
act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.
When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:
age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears
An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should:
apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device.
When performing the rapid extrication technique to remove a patient from his or her vehicle, you should: A. grasp the patient by the clothing and drag him or her from the car. B. apply a cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard. C. apply a cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a short backboard. D. apply a vest-style extrication device prior to moving the patient.
apply a cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard.
The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to:
atherosclerosis.
To avoid injury when pushing a patient or other object, you should: A. push the patient from an overhead position if possible. B. push from the area of your body between the knees and hips. C. kneel if you are pushing an object that is above waist level. D. avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended.
avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended
An EMT may injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the: A. back is bent forward at the hips. B. force is exerted straight down the spine. C. hands are held close to the legs. D. shoulder is aligned over the pelvis.
back is bent forward at the hips
An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:
blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.
The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:
carbon dioxide and water.
Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should: A. apply a cervical collar and quickly remove the patient with a clothes drag. B. slide a long backboard under his buttocks and lay him sideways on the board. C. apply a vest-style extrication device before attempting to move the patient. D. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head.
direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head.
Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:
disease
The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:
dorsalis pedis
The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________.
fontanelles
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
foramen magnum.
You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250 lb with fewer than _______ rescuers, regardless of individual strength.
four
The direct carry is used to transfer a patient: A. who cannot be placed on a backboard. B. with a possible cervical spine injury. C. from a bed to the ambulance stretcher. D. with multiple long bone injuries.
from a bed to the ambulance stretcher.
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:
gallbladder
Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an: A. increase in respiratory rate due to increased metabolism. B. increase in muscle strength and reflexes. C. increase in height because of spinal disc expansion. D. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.
increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.
You are attending to a 34-year-old male patient who requires transport to the hospital for assessment of his chronic back pain. The patient weighs over 750 pounds. Your bariatric stretcher has a wider surface area to allow for: A. increased stability and leverage when lifting with more than two providers. B. increased lifting capacity and patient weight load. C. better stability when moving the patient on uneven ground. D. increased patient comfort and dignity.
increased patient comfort and dignity.
In contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include:
increased stability from a wider wheelbase.
Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. increased surface area available for air exchange. B. a loss of respiratory muscle mass. C. decreased residual volume. D. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage.
increased surface area available for air exchange.
In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:
increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.
The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is: A. injury to you or your patient. B. confusion among team members. C. unnecessarily wasting time. D. causing patient anxiety or fear.
injury to you or your patient.
A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:
inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible
To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should: A. keep the weight as close to your body as possible. B. use a direct carry whenever possible. C. flex at the waist instead of the hips. D. avoid the use of log rolls or body drags.
keep the weight as close to your body as possible.
The proper technique for using the power grip is to: A. lift with your palms up. B. rotate your palms down. C. hold the handle with your fingers. D. position your hands about 6² apart.
lift with your palms up.
The __________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
liver
According to the terminal drop hypothesis:
mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.
When moving a conscious, weak patient down a flight of stairs, you should: A. assist the patient in walking down the stairs and place him or her on the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs. B. secure the patient to a scoop stretcher and carry him or her headfirst down the stairs to the awaiting stretcher. C. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair. D. collapse the undercarriage of the wheeled stretcher and carefully carry the patient down the stairs on the stretcher.
place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair.
In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by: A. retracting the undercarriage and carrying the stretcher to the ambulance. B. pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot. C. pushing the foot of the stretcher while your partner guides the head. D. slightly lifting the stretcher to prevent unnecessary patient movement.
pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot
You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she: A. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration. B. is unable to track your movements with her eyes. C. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. D. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother.
responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.
The _________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle.
sacrum
The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.
sacrum
You are attending to a 22-year-old female patient who has overdosed. The patient is unresponsive in an upstairs bedroom. The most appropriate way to bring the patient downstairs is: A. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the foot end. B. secured to a stair chair with the strongest provider at the foot end. C. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end. D. secured to a stair chair with the strongest provider at the head end.
secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end.
The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:
shrinkage of the brain
You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:
small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.
As you and your partner are carrying a stable patient down a flight of stairs in a stair chair, you feel a sudden, sharp pain in your lower back. You should: A. guide your partner while moving the chair backwards. B. stop the move and have the patient walk down the stairs. C. reposition your hands and continue to move the patient. D. stop the move and request additional lifting assistance.
stop the move and request additional lifting assistance
Older adults frequently ___________.
take multiple medications
Atherosclerosis is defined as ________.
the blockage of a coronary artery
Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:
the cells function with adequate oxygen
The extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient: A. with a deformed humerus. B. with forearm lacerations. C. who complains of nausea. D. without a spinal injury.
with a deformed humerus.