Encoding Retrieval

What is context dependent memory? Give an example and describe a piece of evidence supporting it.

a. Context dependent memory is improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same. An example of this is scuba divers learning material that is needed to be done underwater. They are more likely to perform these materials with accuracy and efficiency if they practice underwater. If they practice on land, and then try to execute the actions underwater, their performance will suffer. A piece of evidence can be shown by a study done by Godden and Baddeley (1975), in which the scuba diver example was taken from.

What is context reinstatement, and how could it help your learner in your teaching project to perform better?

a.Context reinstatement is a strategy of re-creating the thoughts and feelings of the learning episode even if, at the time of recall, one is in a very different place. This shows that what matters for memory retrieval is the mental context, not the physical environment itself. This will help my learner in my teaching project perform better because even if the activity is not done in the same setting in which it was taught in, they will still be able to perform it.

What is the difference between recognition and recall memory, what kinds of tests are each used for, and what is the role of familiarity and source memory in each?

Recognition memory: based on feelings of familiarity, usually used in cases when needing to decide if an item is correct or not. Tests of recognition uses source memory if available, or familiarity when it is not. Multiple choice Recall memory: requires search through LTM, able to generate item with or without cue. Short answer requires recall memory.

Describe the differences between source memory and familiarity.

Source memory: recognizing something but having any recollection of the source of your current knowledge Familiarity: knowing something from an earlier encounter. Some source memories may seem familiar in nature.

What is state dependent memory, and how is it different from context dependent memory? Give an example and describe a piece of evidence supporting it.

State dependent memory is when memory retrieval is most efficient when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as they were when the memory was formed. It is different because for state dependent memory to work, the emotional state must match the one they were in during the learning phase. An example and piece of evidence supporting this is a study done by Bower (1981). In this study, participants remembered an event in their lives that was either sad or happy, then learned a list of words. Later, they were asked to recall the words while again being primed for either sadness or happiness. The results showed that matching emotional state resulted in increase in recall.