Endocrine System
Secretion of cortisol is stimulated by _________________ from the _________________ gland.
ACTH, anterior pituitary
The hormone that directly increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys is ______________, which is secreted by the ____________ gland.
ADH anti diuretic hormone , posterior pituitary
The hormone aldosterone is secreted by the ________________; it's target organs are the ______________.
Adrenal cortex , kidney
The endocrine glands that are on top of the kidneys are the ____________ ,and the glands in the curve of the duodenum are the ______________.
Adrenal gland , pancreas
The adrenal hormone that has the secondary effects of increasing blood volume and blood pressure is ______________.
Aldosterone
The adrenal hormone that has a secondary effect on blood pH is ____________ because it promotes the excretion of _________________.
Aldosterone , H+ ions
The specific cells that produce glucagon are ____________ cells, and they do so when blood glucose level _______________.
Alpha, decreases
Growth hormone (GH) stimulates the transport of ________________ into cells, to be used for the synthesis of _____________.
Amino acid , protein
The specific cells that produce insulin are ________________ cells , and they do so when the blood glucose level ___________.
Beta, increase
The target organs of calcitonin are _________.
Bones
The target organs of parathyroid hormones (PTH) are _____________, _____________, and _____________.
Bones, kidney, small intestine
The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is ___________.
Calcitonin
Prostaglandins are produced by most cells from parts of their ________________.
Cell membranes
Some prostaglandins are necessary for the ________________ of blood.
Clotting
The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is to cause _____________ for ____________.
Contractions, labor and delivery
Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal ______________ which is the ___________ portion of this gland.
Cortex, outer
The hormone that conserves glucose for use by the brain is ___________.
Cortisol
The hormone _______________ has an anti-inflammatory effect because it stabilizes the _____________ within cells.
Cortisol, lysosomes
In the two-messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones , is the second messenger is ____________ that activates specific ______________ within the cell.
Cyclic ANP, enzymes
Increased secretion of ADH will ____________ urinary output.
Decrease
In a negative feedback mechanism , when the effect of a hormone increases , the secretion of the hormone ____________.
Decreases
The direct stimulus for secretion of ADH is ____________________.
Dehydration
Insulin enables cells to take in amino acids and use them for ___________.
Energy
The hormone that cause vasodilation in skeletal muscle and vasoconstriction in the viscera is ____________.
Epinephrine
The hormone that dilated the bronchioles is ___________.
Epinephrine
The hormone that increases heart rate and slows peristalsis is ______________.
Epinephrine
In women, the two hormones secreted by the corpus luteum are ___ and ___.
Estrogen , progesterone
The hormones necessary for growth of the endometrium are __________ and ___________.
Estrogen , progesterone
The hormones necessary for the growth of the endometrium are _____________ and __________.
Estrogen , progesterone
The hormones directly necessary for the development of egg cells in the ovary are _______________ and __________.
Estrogen and FSH follicle stimulating hormone
The direct stimulus for the secretion of estrogen is ___________.
FSH follicle stimulating hormone
The hormone that initiated the development of egg cells in the ovary is ______________ which is produced by the _________________ gland.
FSH follicle stimulating hormone , anterior pituitary
The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are ______________ and ___________.
FSH follicle stimulating hormone , testosterone
The hormones that initiates sperm production in the testes is ___________, which is produced by the ________________ gland.
FSH follicle stimulating hormone, anterior pituitary
Glucagon increases the use of ______________ and _____________ for energy production.
Fats,excess amino acids
The hormone cortisol stimulates most body cells to use ______________ and ________________ for energy production.
Fats,excess amino acids
The hormone that increases the rate of mitosis in growing tissues is _________________ , which is produced by the _____________ gland.
GH growth hormone , anterior pituitary
Two hormones that increase the rate of protein synthesis in cells are __________ and __________.
GH growth hormone ,thyroxine
Steroid hormones are believed to exert their effects by activating certain _____________ within a cell.
Genes
Blood glucose level is raised by the pancreatic hormone ____________.
Glucagon
The pancreatic hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose by the liver is ___________.
Glucagon
The pancreatic hormone ___________ is secreted between meals , and the pancreatic hormone _________ is secreted right after meals.
Glucagon, insulin
The effect of epinephrine on the liver is to increase the conversion of ___________ .
Glycogen
The direct stimulus for secretion of growth hormone is __________.
Growth hormone releasing hormone
In the two-messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones, the first messenger is the ___________ that just bond to a ____________ on the cell membrane.
Hormone, receptor
The direct stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is ______________.
Hypercalcemia
The direct stimulus for secretion of insulin is _________________.
Hyperglycemia
The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH parathyroid hormone is __________________.
Hypocalcemia
The direct stimulus for secretion of glucagon is ________________.
Hypoglycemia
The adrenal medulla is the _____________ part of the adrenal gland, and secretes the hormones _________________ and _____________.
Inner,epinephrine,norepinephrine
Blood glucose level is lowered by the pancreatic hormone ______________.
Insulin
The hormone that enables cell to take in glucose to use for energy production is ______________, produced by the _________________.
Insulin, pancreas
Synthesis of thyroxine requires the mineral ___________.
Iodine
The endocrine parts of the pancreas are called ______.
Islets of langerhans
The direct stimulus for the secretion of testosterone is __________.
LH Luteinizing hormone
In women , the hormone that stimulates ovulation is ______ from the _____________ gland.
LH lutenizing hormone ,anterior pituitary
The hormone that stimulates secretion of testosterone by the testes is ____________ from the _____________ gland.
LH, anterior pituitary
The site of action of prostaglandins is usually ________________.
Local
The direct stimulus for secretion of aldosterone is ___________.
Low blood pressure
A regulating mechanism that contains its own brake is called a ___________________ mechanism.
Negative feedback
The hormone that causes contractions of the uterus is _____________ which is secreted by the ___________________ gland.
Oxytocin , posterior pituitary
The hormone that increases the blood calcium level is __________.
PTH parathyroid hormone
The hormone that raises the blood calcium level is _____________, and the hormone that lowers the blood calcium level is __________.
PTH parathyroid hormone, calcitonin
The endocrine glands that have two distinct parts are the ___________________ and the __________________.
Pituitary gland , adrenal gland
The hormone that stimulates milk production is ________________ from the ______________ gland.
Prolactin, anterior pituitary
An important function of thyroxine is that it increases the synthesis of _______________.
Proteins
The hormones that a cell will respond to are determined by the ___________ on the cells membrane or in its cytoplasm .
Receptors
The effect of oxytocin on the mammary glands is to stimulate the _______________.
Release of milk
The secretion of hormones of the anterior pituitary is regulated by ________________ produces by the ________________.
Releasing hormones ,hypothalamus
When blood pressure decreases , secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by the ___________ mechanism.
Renin angiotensin
The function of aldosterone is to increase renal reabsorption of _______________ ions and excretion of __________ ions.
Sodium, potassium
The effects of epinephrine are very similar to those of the ___________________ nervous system .
Sympathetic
The direct stimulus for secretion of epinephrine is ____________________.
Sympathetic nervous system
The direct stimulus for secretion of thyroxine is _______________.
TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
Secretion of thyroxine is stimulates by _____________ from the _________________ gland.
TSH thyroid stimulating hormone, anterior pituitary
In men, two hormones secreted by the testes are ____________ and __________.
Testosterone, inhibin
In men , luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates secretion of _______________ by the ____________.
Testosterone,testes
Calcitonin is secret by the ____________ gland , and it's target organs are __________.
Thyroid , bones
The endocrine gland that is on the front of the trachea is the _________, and on the back of this gland are the ______________.
Thyroid gland , parathyroid
The mineral iodine is necessary for the synthesis of the hormone ____________.
Thyroxine
The hormone that increases the use of all three food types for energy is ____________ which is produced by the _________ gland.
Thyroxine , thyroid
The major function of norepinephrine is to stimulate ____________ throughout the body.
Vasoconstriction
The primary function of anti diuretic hormone (ADH) is to increase _______________ by the _______________.
Water absorption, kidneys