Endocrine System

Secretion of cortisol is stimulated by _________________ from the _________________ gland.

ACTH, anterior pituitary

The hormone that directly increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys is ______________, which is secreted by the ____________ gland.

ADH anti diuretic hormone , posterior pituitary

The hormone aldosterone is secreted by the ________________; it's target organs are the ______________.

Adrenal cortex , kidney

The endocrine glands that are on top of the kidneys are the ____________ ,and the glands in the curve of the duodenum are the ______________.

Adrenal gland , pancreas

The adrenal hormone that has the secondary effects of increasing blood volume and blood pressure is ______________.

Aldosterone

The adrenal hormone that has a secondary effect on blood pH is ____________ because it promotes the excretion of _________________.

Aldosterone , H+ ions

The specific cells that produce glucagon are ____________ cells, and they do so when blood glucose level _______________.

Alpha, decreases

Growth hormone (GH) stimulates the transport of ________________ into cells, to be used for the synthesis of _____________.

Amino acid , protein

The specific cells that produce insulin are ________________ cells , and they do so when the blood glucose level ___________.

Beta, increase

The target organs of calcitonin are _________.

Bones

The target organs of parathyroid hormones (PTH) are _____________, _____________, and _____________.

Bones, kidney, small intestine

The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is ___________.

Calcitonin

Prostaglandins are produced by most cells from parts of their ________________.

Cell membranes

Some prostaglandins are necessary for the ________________ of blood.

Clotting

The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is to cause _____________ for ____________.

Contractions, labor and delivery

Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal ______________ which is the ___________ portion of this gland.

Cortex, outer

The hormone that conserves glucose for use by the brain is ___________.

Cortisol

The hormone _______________ has an anti-inflammatory effect because it stabilizes the _____________ within cells.

Cortisol, lysosomes

In the two-messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones , is the second messenger is ____________ that activates specific ______________ within the cell.

Cyclic ANP, enzymes

Increased secretion of ADH will ____________ urinary output.

Decrease

In a negative feedback mechanism , when the effect of a hormone increases , the secretion of the hormone ____________.

Decreases

The direct stimulus for secretion of ADH is ____________________.

Dehydration

Insulin enables cells to take in amino acids and use them for ___________.

Energy

The hormone that cause vasodilation in skeletal muscle and vasoconstriction in the viscera is ____________.

Epinephrine

The hormone that dilated the bronchioles is ___________.

Epinephrine

The hormone that increases heart rate and slows peristalsis is ______________.

Epinephrine

In women, the two hormones secreted by the corpus luteum are ___ and ___.

Estrogen , progesterone

The hormones necessary for growth of the endometrium are __________ and ___________.

Estrogen , progesterone

The hormones necessary for the growth of the endometrium are _____________ and __________.

Estrogen , progesterone

The hormones directly necessary for the development of egg cells in the ovary are _______________ and __________.

Estrogen and FSH follicle stimulating hormone

The direct stimulus for the secretion of estrogen is ___________.

FSH follicle stimulating hormone

The hormone that initiated the development of egg cells in the ovary is ______________ which is produced by the _________________ gland.

FSH follicle stimulating hormone , anterior pituitary

The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are ______________ and ___________.

FSH follicle stimulating hormone , testosterone

The hormones that initiates sperm production in the testes is ___________, which is produced by the ________________ gland.

FSH follicle stimulating hormone, anterior pituitary

Glucagon increases the use of ______________ and _____________ for energy production.

Fats,excess amino acids

The hormone cortisol stimulates most body cells to use ______________ and ________________ for energy production.

Fats,excess amino acids

The hormone that increases the rate of mitosis in growing tissues is _________________ , which is produced by the _____________ gland.

GH growth hormone , anterior pituitary

Two hormones that increase the rate of protein synthesis in cells are __________ and __________.

GH growth hormone ,thyroxine

Steroid hormones are believed to exert their effects by activating certain _____________ within a cell.

Genes

Blood glucose level is raised by the pancreatic hormone ____________.

Glucagon

The pancreatic hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose by the liver is ___________.

Glucagon

The pancreatic hormone ___________ is secreted between meals , and the pancreatic hormone _________ is secreted right after meals.

Glucagon, insulin

The effect of epinephrine on the liver is to increase the conversion of ___________ .

Glycogen

The direct stimulus for secretion of growth hormone is __________.

Growth hormone releasing hormone

In the two-messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones, the first messenger is the ___________ that just bond to a ____________ on the cell membrane.

Hormone, receptor

The direct stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is ______________.

Hypercalcemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of insulin is _________________.

Hyperglycemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH parathyroid hormone is __________________.

Hypocalcemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of glucagon is ________________.

Hypoglycemia

The adrenal medulla is the _____________ part of the adrenal gland, and secretes the hormones _________________ and _____________.

Inner,epinephrine,norepinephrine

Blood glucose level is lowered by the pancreatic hormone ______________.

Insulin

The hormone that enables cell to take in glucose to use for energy production is ______________, produced by the _________________.

Insulin, pancreas

Synthesis of thyroxine requires the mineral ___________.

Iodine

The endocrine parts of the pancreas are called ______.

Islets of langerhans

The direct stimulus for the secretion of testosterone is __________.

LH Luteinizing hormone

In women , the hormone that stimulates ovulation is ______ from the _____________ gland.

LH lutenizing hormone ,anterior pituitary

The hormone that stimulates secretion of testosterone by the testes is ____________ from the _____________ gland.

LH, anterior pituitary

The site of action of prostaglandins is usually ________________.

Local

The direct stimulus for secretion of aldosterone is ___________.

Low blood pressure

A regulating mechanism that contains its own brake is called a ___________________ mechanism.

Negative feedback

The hormone that causes contractions of the uterus is _____________ which is secreted by the ___________________ gland.

Oxytocin , posterior pituitary

The hormone that increases the blood calcium level is __________.

PTH parathyroid hormone

The hormone that raises the blood calcium level is _____________, and the hormone that lowers the blood calcium level is __________.

PTH parathyroid hormone, calcitonin

The endocrine glands that have two distinct parts are the ___________________ and the __________________.

Pituitary gland , adrenal gland

The hormone that stimulates milk production is ________________ from the ______________ gland.

Prolactin, anterior pituitary

An important function of thyroxine is that it increases the synthesis of _______________.

Proteins

The hormones that a cell will respond to are determined by the ___________ on the cells membrane or in its cytoplasm .

Receptors

The effect of oxytocin on the mammary glands is to stimulate the _______________.

Release of milk

The secretion of hormones of the anterior pituitary is regulated by ________________ produces by the ________________.

Releasing hormones ,hypothalamus

When blood pressure decreases , secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by the ___________ mechanism.

Renin angiotensin

The function of aldosterone is to increase renal reabsorption of _______________ ions and excretion of __________ ions.

Sodium, potassium

The effects of epinephrine are very similar to those of the ___________________ nervous system .

Sympathetic

The direct stimulus for secretion of epinephrine is ____________________.

Sympathetic nervous system

The direct stimulus for secretion of thyroxine is _______________.

TSH thyroid stimulating hormone

Secretion of thyroxine is stimulates by _____________ from the _________________ gland.

TSH thyroid stimulating hormone, anterior pituitary

In men, two hormones secreted by the testes are ____________ and __________.

Testosterone, inhibin

In men , luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates secretion of _______________ by the ____________.

Testosterone,testes

Calcitonin is secret by the ____________ gland , and it's target organs are __________.

Thyroid , bones

The endocrine gland that is on the front of the trachea is the _________, and on the back of this gland are the ______________.

Thyroid gland , parathyroid

The mineral iodine is necessary for the synthesis of the hormone ____________.

Thyroxine

The hormone that increases the use of all three food types for energy is ____________ which is produced by the _________ gland.

Thyroxine , thyroid

The major function of norepinephrine is to stimulate ____________ throughout the body.

Vasoconstriction

The primary function of anti diuretic hormone (ADH) is to increase _______________ by the _______________.

Water absorption, kidneys