Endocrine system test

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________.

Addison's disease

Select the statement that best describes the function of tropic hormones. A) Tropic hormones stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones. B) Tropic hormones stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones. C) Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones. D) Tropic hormones stimulate nervous tissue to produce neurotransmitters. E) Tropic hormones stimulate production of prostaglandins.

C) Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones.

What is the primary function of thymosin?

Thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes.

What gland releases catecholamines?

adrenal medulla

Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________.

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________.

catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?

cellular mutations occur

Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age, has dry skin, and scanty hair. He also shows signs of intellectual impairment. What disorder do you suspect?

cretinism

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

endocrine system

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________.

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result?

goiter

Hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormones. How would you classify this type of endocrine gland stimulation?

hormonal

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called ________.

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.

insulin; glucagon

The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by ________.

label a

The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by ________.

label h

Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle?

melatonin

The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.

oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland.

parafollicular

Where is calcitonin made?

parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________.

pituitary dwarfism

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts?

prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

The hormone produced by male testes which is necessary for sperm production is ________.

testosterone

In the second-messenger system, what serves as the first messenger?

the hormone

What is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

thyroid

The body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called ________.

thyroid hormone

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in ________.

Cushing's syndrome

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________.

androgens

Which of the following is a potent stimulator of aldosterone release?

angiotensin II

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________.

anterior pituitary gland

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ________.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood pressure by causing constriction of arterioles (small arteries)?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A hormone produced by the heart, known as ________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

diabetes insipidus

Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.

glucocorticoids

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood concentration of calcium ions. This mechanism operates by a ________.

humoral stimulus

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels.

insulin

The pineal gland is indicated by ________.

label a

The gland that produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone is indicated by ________.

label b

The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by ________.

label c

The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by ________.

label d

The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by ________.

label e

The glands that produce a hormone that is the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood are indicated by ________.

label e

The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by ________.

label f

The thymus is indicated by ________.

label f

The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by ________.

label g

The pancreas is indicated by ________.

label h

The female glands that are stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are indicated by ________.

label i

The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ________.

label j

Which endocrine gland is most closely associated with the hypothalamus?

pituitary gland

Most hormones are ________.

released upon stimulation by other hormones

How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone?

steroid hormone

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________.

the second-messenger system

Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine (T4)?

thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)