Endocrine Theory Review 14 & 44

hyperglycemia

A deficiency of insulin causes

acromegaly

A disease that results in the enlargement of bones of the hands, feet, jaws, and cheeks is:

adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

ACTH stimulates the

hyperfunctioning of the pituitary gland after puberty; adenomas of the pituitary gland during adulthood (a and b)

Acromegaly is characterized by:

are secreted by the neurohypophysis

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

is characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)

Bronzing

control plasma levels of calcium

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine

Catecholamines

disorders of thyroid gland function

Cretinism, myxedema, and Graves' disease are all

hyperfunction of the adreanal cortex

Cushing's disease is:

is called a goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

are secreted by the gonads

Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

elevates blood glucose

Excess secretion of epinephrine

is secreted by the adenohypophysis; is also called somatotropic hormone; stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system (all of the above)

Growth hormone

may be cause by a deficiency of PTH

Hypocalcemic tetany

Hirsutism

Identify: an excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal.

increases the transport of glucose into a cell; stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats; stimulates the formation of glycogen (all of the above)

Insulin

is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans

Insulin

are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose.

Insulin and glucagon

are hormones

Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin

thyroid

Iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to this gland.

fatty acid catabolism

Ketoacidosis is most related to

stimulates the mammary glands to make milk

Lactogenic hormone

advanced hypothyroidism is adulthood

Myxedema is

elevates blood glucose; antagonizes insulin; causes Na+ and water reabsorption, thereby increasing blood pressure (all of the above)

Obesity

is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor.

Oxytocin

stimulates osteoclastic activity

PTH

anterior pituitary gland

Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the

cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone

Sugar, salt, and sex is descriptive of

secreted by the thyroid gland

T3, T4 and calcitonin are

is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

TSH

virilizing

Testosterone is best described as

refers to the anterior pituitary gland

The adenohypophysis

is part of the "fight-or-flight" response

The adrenal medulla

secrete insulin and glucagon

The islets of Langehans

Pancreatic gland

The islets of which endocrine gland regulate the levels of glucose in our blood?

posterior pituitary gland

The neurohypophysis is the

insulin

The only hormone that lowers blood glucose is

hyperglycemia

The person with __________ is most likely to receive insulin therapy.

negative feedback control

The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?

adrenal cortex

This gland is associated with "sugar, salt and sex"

anterior pituitary gland

This gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone

pineal gland

This gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biologic rhythms.

pancreas

This gland secretes two hormones: one hormone elevates blood glucose and the second hormone decreases blood glucose.

low blood volume and hypotension

What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?

high plasma levels of glucose

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?

Cushing's disease

Which disorder is caused by an overactive adrenal gland?

Graves' disease

Which disorder is caused by hyperthyroidism?

Thyroid

Which endocrine gland requires iodine to produce its hormone?

hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin

Which group is incorrect?

Pituitary

Which of the endocrine glands is divided into anterior and posterior lobes?

releasing hormones

Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal hypothalamic portal capillaries?

it increases plasma levels in calcium

Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormones?

diabetes insipidus

Which of the following is characterized by low blood volume?

sugar, salt, and sex

Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?

secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins

Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?

second chemical messenger

Which of the following is most descriptive of cAMP?

elevated plasma calcium

Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?

ADH

Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone?

secretion of PTH

Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?

testosterone

Which of the following steroids in an androgen?

portal capillaries

Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?

Adrenal

Which one of the endocrine glands produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Parathyroid hormone

___________ regulates the amount of calcium in the blood and bones.