Endocrine Theory Review 14 & 44
hyperglycemia
A deficiency of insulin causes
acromegaly
A disease that results in the enlargement of bones of the hands, feet, jaws, and cheeks is:
adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
ACTH stimulates the
hyperfunctioning of the pituitary gland after puberty; adenomas of the pituitary gland during adulthood (a and b)
Acromegaly is characterized by:
are secreted by the neurohypophysis
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
is characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)
Bronzing
control plasma levels of calcium
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine
Catecholamines
disorders of thyroid gland function
Cretinism, myxedema, and Graves' disease are all
hyperfunction of the adreanal cortex
Cushing's disease is:
is called a goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
are secreted by the gonads
Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
elevates blood glucose
Excess secretion of epinephrine
is secreted by the adenohypophysis; is also called somatotropic hormone; stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system (all of the above)
Growth hormone
may be cause by a deficiency of PTH
Hypocalcemic tetany
Hirsutism
Identify: an excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal.
increases the transport of glucose into a cell; stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats; stimulates the formation of glycogen (all of the above)
Insulin
is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
Insulin
are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose.
Insulin and glucagon
are hormones
Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin
thyroid
Iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to this gland.
fatty acid catabolism
Ketoacidosis is most related to
stimulates the mammary glands to make milk
Lactogenic hormone
advanced hypothyroidism is adulthood
Myxedema is
elevates blood glucose; antagonizes insulin; causes Na+ and water reabsorption, thereby increasing blood pressure (all of the above)
Obesity
is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor.
Oxytocin
stimulates osteoclastic activity
PTH
anterior pituitary gland
Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the
cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone
Sugar, salt, and sex is descriptive of
secreted by the thyroid gland
T3, T4 and calcitonin are
is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
TSH
virilizing
Testosterone is best described as
refers to the anterior pituitary gland
The adenohypophysis
is part of the "fight-or-flight" response
The adrenal medulla
secrete insulin and glucagon
The islets of Langehans
Pancreatic gland
The islets of which endocrine gland regulate the levels of glucose in our blood?
posterior pituitary gland
The neurohypophysis is the
insulin
The only hormone that lowers blood glucose is
hyperglycemia
The person with __________ is most likely to receive insulin therapy.
negative feedback control
The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?
adrenal cortex
This gland is associated with "sugar, salt and sex"
anterior pituitary gland
This gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone
pineal gland
This gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biologic rhythms.
pancreas
This gland secretes two hormones: one hormone elevates blood glucose and the second hormone decreases blood glucose.
low blood volume and hypotension
What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?
high plasma levels of glucose
What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?
Cushing's disease
Which disorder is caused by an overactive adrenal gland?
Graves' disease
Which disorder is caused by hyperthyroidism?
Thyroid
Which endocrine gland requires iodine to produce its hormone?
hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin
Which group is incorrect?
Pituitary
Which of the endocrine glands is divided into anterior and posterior lobes?
releasing hormones
Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal hypothalamic portal capillaries?
it increases plasma levels in calcium
Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormones?
diabetes insipidus
Which of the following is characterized by low blood volume?
sugar, salt, and sex
Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?
secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins
Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?
second chemical messenger
Which of the following is most descriptive of cAMP?
elevated plasma calcium
Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?
ADH
Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone?
secretion of PTH
Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?
testosterone
Which of the following steroids in an androgen?
portal capillaries
Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?
Adrenal
Which one of the endocrine glands produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Parathyroid hormone
___________ regulates the amount of calcium in the blood and bones.