Energy and Forms of Energy
radiant energy
A form of energy that travels through space as waves. The energy of light and other forms of radiation.
Force
A push or pull exerted on an object
sound energy
Energy caused by an object's vibrations. Energy of vibrations carried by air, water, or other matter.
electrical energy
Energy caused by the movement of electrons.
nuclear energy
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
Types of energy in sound
Hitting the tuning fork produces a vibration (Kinetic energy) which causes a sound wave to travel through the air (medium).
KE graph relationship for changing velocity
Since KE = 0.5 mv^2, Kinetic energy depends on the velocity of the object squared. This means that when the velocity of an object doubles, its kinetic energy quadruples
List the energy forms in a space rocket launch:
The chemical energy from the engine transforms into light energy, sound energy and kinetic energy. It gains Potential Energy as it gets higher off the ground. The rocket launches and sparks come out of the exhaust, making a hissing sound.
examples of radiant energy
The sunlight, microwaves, and x-rays.
thermal energy
The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance
When kinetic energy increases potential energy __________.
decreases.
When potential energy increases kinetic energy _______.
decreases.
energy transformation in a clothing steam iron
electric energy to thermal energy
List the energy transformations in a light bulb turning on:
electrical -> light & radiant
examples of chemical energy
energy stored in the matches you use to light a candle, foods you eat, gasoline in a car, or cells in your body.
two types of potential energy
gravitational and elastic
Factors affecting Potential Energy
height and mass, formula is PE= mgh
examples of thermal energy
ice cream melting on a hot day, hot springs, campfire, or cup of hot tea.
Most common energy transformations is between
kinetic and potential energy
According to the ___________________, energy can not be destroyed or created.
law of conservation of energy
forms of energy (list)
motion, electrical, stored mechanical, nuclear, thermal, radiant, sound, and chemical
Magnetism comes from
moving electron charge
examples of nuclear energy
nuclear fusion in sun, nuclear power plants use fission
In waterfalls such as Niagra Falls the energy transformations are:
potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy.
energy transformation from the sun to plants
radiant energy to chemical energy
energy transformations in this process: sun -> plants -> animal eating plants -> animal running
radiant to chemical to mechanical
potential energy
stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object the energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object
When you stretch a rubber band, you give it
stored mechanical energy (elastic)
energy
the ability to do work or cause change
kinetic energy
the energy of motion
stored mechanical energy
the energy of stretched or compressed objects
power
the rate of doing work calculated as power = work / time
work
the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance; calculated as work = force x distance
mass and velocity
two factors that affect kinetic energy
examples of sound energy
clapping, snapping fingers, singing, or anyone's voice.
KE graph relationship for changing mass
Mass and kinetic energy have a positive relationship, which means that as mass increases, kinetic energy increases, if all other factors are held constant.
types of energy in a thermometer rising
Movement of molecules (KE)- the hotter the substance, the faster they move, & the higher the temperature.
chemical energy
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
gravitational potential energy
Potential energy that depends on the height of an object
Joules
SI unit for energy
energy transformation (definition)
a change from one form of energy to another; with some transfer to thermal energy at each step
examples of electrical energy
a shock from a metal doorknob, lightning, batteries in use, or static
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
energy transformation burning wood
chemical energy to thermal energy
