Energy and Forms of Energy

radiant energy

A form of energy that travels through space as waves. The energy of light and other forms of radiation.

Force

A push or pull exerted on an object

sound energy

Energy caused by an object's vibrations. Energy of vibrations carried by air, water, or other matter.

electrical energy

Energy caused by the movement of electrons.

nuclear energy

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

Types of energy in sound

Hitting the tuning fork produces a vibration (Kinetic energy) which causes a sound wave to travel through the air (medium).

KE graph relationship for changing velocity

Since KE = 0.5 mv^2, Kinetic energy depends on the velocity of the object squared. This means that when the velocity of an object doubles, its kinetic energy quadruples

List the energy forms in a space rocket launch:

The chemical energy from the engine transforms into light energy, sound energy and kinetic energy. It gains Potential Energy as it gets higher off the ground. The rocket launches and sparks come out of the exhaust, making a hissing sound.

examples of radiant energy

The sunlight, microwaves, and x-rays.

thermal energy

The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance

When kinetic energy increases potential energy __________.

decreases.

When potential energy increases kinetic energy _______.

decreases.

energy transformation in a clothing steam iron

electric energy to thermal energy

List the energy transformations in a light bulb turning on:

electrical -> light & radiant

examples of chemical energy

energy stored in the matches you use to light a candle, foods you eat, gasoline in a car, or cells in your body.

two types of potential energy

gravitational and elastic

Factors affecting Potential Energy

height and mass, formula is PE= mgh

examples of thermal energy

ice cream melting on a hot day, hot springs, campfire, or cup of hot tea.

Most common energy transformations is between

kinetic and potential energy

According to the ___________________, energy can not be destroyed or created.

law of conservation of energy

forms of energy (list)

motion, electrical, stored mechanical, nuclear, thermal, radiant, sound, and chemical

Magnetism comes from

moving electron charge

examples of nuclear energy

nuclear fusion in sun, nuclear power plants use fission

In waterfalls such as Niagra Falls the energy transformations are:

potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy.

energy transformation from the sun to plants

radiant energy to chemical energy

energy transformations in this process: sun -> plants -> animal eating plants -> animal running

radiant to chemical to mechanical

potential energy

stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object the energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object

When you stretch a rubber band, you give it

stored mechanical energy (elastic)

energy

the ability to do work or cause change

kinetic energy

the energy of motion

stored mechanical energy

the energy of stretched or compressed objects

power

the rate of doing work calculated as power = work / time

work

the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance; calculated as work = force x distance

mass and velocity

two factors that affect kinetic energy

examples of sound energy

clapping, snapping fingers, singing, or anyone's voice.

KE graph relationship for changing mass

Mass and kinetic energy have a positive relationship, which means that as mass increases, kinetic energy increases, if all other factors are held constant.

types of energy in a thermometer rising

Movement of molecules (KE)- the hotter the substance, the faster they move, & the higher the temperature.

chemical energy

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds

gravitational potential energy

Potential energy that depends on the height of an object

Joules

SI unit for energy

energy transformation (definition)

a change from one form of energy to another; with some transfer to thermal energy at each step

examples of electrical energy

a shock from a metal doorknob, lightning, batteries in use, or static

matter

anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)

energy transformation burning wood

chemical energy to thermal energy