Energy & Weight Balance Nutrition Ch 10
Purging
Activities that limit calorie intake or increase calorie output
Fat-Free Mass
Body compartment that is comprised of body water, mineral-rich tissues, and protein-rich tissues
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Body's rate of energy used a few hours after resting and eating
Energy Equilibrium
Calorie intake equals calorie output
Positive Energy Balance
Calorie intake is greater than calorie output
Negative Energy Balance
Calorie intake is less than calorie output
Energy Output
Calories cells use to carry out their activities
Energy Intake
Calories from foods and beverages that contain macronutrients and alcohol
Energy
Capacity to perform work
Disordered Eating
Chaotic and abnormal food-related practices
Obesity
Condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat
Central-body Obesity
Condition characterized by excessive visceral fat
Female Athlete Triad
Condition that is characterized by low energy availability, menstrual problems, and reduced bone mineral density in female athletes
Binge Eating
Consuming a much larger amount of food than is normally eaten in a brief period
Underweight
Describes person with a BMI of less than 18.5
Appetite
Desire to eat appealing food
Binge-eating Disorder (BED)
Eating disorder featuring recurring episodes of binge eating that are not followed by purging behaviors
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
Energy used to digest foods and beverages as well as absorb and further process the macronutrients
Night Eating Syndrome (NES)
Episodic food binges that are not followed by purging; binges take place after the evening meal and when the person awakens from sleep during the night.
Total Body Fat
Essential fat and adipose tissue
Overweight
Having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat and/or body water
Leptin
Hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body
Ghrelin
Hormone that stimulates eating behavior
Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
Involuntary skeletal muscular activities such as fidgeting
Bariatric Medicine
Medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of obesity
Air Displacement
Method of estimating body composition by determining body volume
Basal Metabolism
Minimal Number of kilocalories the body uses to support vital activities after fasting and resting for 12 hours
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Molecule that stores energy
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Numerical value of relationship between body weight and risk with excess body fat
Diabulimia
Popular term used to describe people with type I diabetes who skip insulin injections or use less insulin than prescribed to control their body weight
Eating Disorders
Psychological disturbances that lead to certain physiological changes and serious health complications
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Psychological therapy approaches that address unhealthy emotions and behaviors
Set-point Theory
Scientific notion that body fat content is genetically predetermined
Satiety
Sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed
Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
Severe psychological condition characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by unhealthy behaviors to prevent weight gain
Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
Severe psychological disturbance characterized by self-imposed starvation
Low Energy Availability
State of negative energy balance
Liposuction
Surgical method of reducing the size of local fat deposits
Bioelectrical Impedence
Technique of estimating body composition in which a device measures the conduction of a weak electrical current through the body
Skinfold Thickness Measurements
Technique of estimating body composition in which calipers are used to measure the width of skinfolds at multiple body sites
Underwater Weighing
Technique of estimating body composition that involves comparing weight on land to weight when completely submerged in a tank of water
Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
Technique of estimating body composition that involves scanning the body with multiple low-energy x-rays
Fad
Trendy practice that has widespread appeal for a period, then becomes no longer fashionable
Hunger
Uncomfortable feeling that drives a person to consume food
Muscle Dysmorphia
Unhealthy preoccupation with the body being too small or not muscular enough