Energy & Weight Balance Nutrition Ch 10

Purging

Activities that limit calorie intake or increase calorie output

Fat-Free Mass

Body compartment that is comprised of body water, mineral-rich tissues, and protein-rich tissues

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Body's rate of energy used a few hours after resting and eating

Energy Equilibrium

Calorie intake equals calorie output

Positive Energy Balance

Calorie intake is greater than calorie output

Negative Energy Balance

Calorie intake is less than calorie output

Energy Output

Calories cells use to carry out their activities

Energy Intake

Calories from foods and beverages that contain macronutrients and alcohol

Energy

Capacity to perform work

Disordered Eating

Chaotic and abnormal food-related practices

Obesity

Condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat

Central-body Obesity

Condition characterized by excessive visceral fat

Female Athlete Triad

Condition that is characterized by low energy availability, menstrual problems, and reduced bone mineral density in female athletes

Binge Eating

Consuming a much larger amount of food than is normally eaten in a brief period

Underweight

Describes person with a BMI of less than 18.5

Appetite

Desire to eat appealing food

Binge-eating Disorder (BED)

Eating disorder featuring recurring episodes of binge eating that are not followed by purging behaviors

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

Energy used to digest foods and beverages as well as absorb and further process the macronutrients

Night Eating Syndrome (NES)

Episodic food binges that are not followed by purging; binges take place after the evening meal and when the person awakens from sleep during the night.

Total Body Fat

Essential fat and adipose tissue

Overweight

Having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat and/or body water

Leptin

Hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body

Ghrelin

Hormone that stimulates eating behavior

Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)

Involuntary skeletal muscular activities such as fidgeting

Bariatric Medicine

Medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of obesity

Air Displacement

Method of estimating body composition by determining body volume

Basal Metabolism

Minimal Number of kilocalories the body uses to support vital activities after fasting and resting for 12 hours

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Molecule that stores energy

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Numerical value of relationship between body weight and risk with excess body fat

Diabulimia

Popular term used to describe people with type I diabetes who skip insulin injections or use less insulin than prescribed to control their body weight

Eating Disorders

Psychological disturbances that lead to certain physiological changes and serious health complications

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Psychological therapy approaches that address unhealthy emotions and behaviors

Set-point Theory

Scientific notion that body fat content is genetically predetermined

Satiety

Sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed

Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

Severe psychological condition characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by unhealthy behaviors to prevent weight gain

Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

Severe psychological disturbance characterized by self-imposed starvation

Low Energy Availability

State of negative energy balance

Liposuction

Surgical method of reducing the size of local fat deposits

Bioelectrical Impedence

Technique of estimating body composition in which a device measures the conduction of a weak electrical current through the body

Skinfold Thickness Measurements

Technique of estimating body composition in which calipers are used to measure the width of skinfolds at multiple body sites

Underwater Weighing

Technique of estimating body composition that involves comparing weight on land to weight when completely submerged in a tank of water

Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

Technique of estimating body composition that involves scanning the body with multiple low-energy x-rays

Fad

Trendy practice that has widespread appeal for a period, then becomes no longer fashionable

Hunger

Uncomfortable feeling that drives a person to consume food

Muscle Dysmorphia

Unhealthy preoccupation with the body being too small or not muscular enough