Kinesiology Exam 1 Book Questions

Which of the following is the correct definition of biomechanics?

Application of mechanical physics to human motion

The shape of bones does not limit movement

FALSE

Which of the following is not an example of movement in the sagittal plane?

Lateral flexion

Which of the following is not a function performed by the skeletal system?

Production of heat

Bone is composed of all but one of the following

Protein

Forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine is

Protraction

Bone size and shape are influenced by both the direction and magnitude of applied forces

TRUE

Bones reshape themselves based upon the stresses that are placed upon them.

TRUE

Both the size and shape of bones can limit or allow movements

TRUE

Collagen in bone provides flexibility and strength to resist tension.

TRUE

Diagonal abduction is movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from midline

TRUE

Movements in the transverse plane occur around which axis?

Vertical

Abduction takes place around which axis?

anteroposterior

Motion between the articular surfaces of bone is known as ________.

arthrokinematics

Movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the forearm in the lateral plane is _______.

ulnar flexion

Shaking the head "No" occurs in which plane?

Transverse

The frontal plane divides the body into ______ and _____

front and back halves

An instrument used to measure the change in joint angles is a

goniometer

Motion of the bones relative to the three cardinal planes resulting from physiological movements is known as ___.

osteokinematic motion

If the knee were not able to slide, the femur would ____ when going from Flexion to extension on a stationary tibia.

roll off the back of the tibia

The three specific types of accessory motions are described as

roll, spin, and glide

Which of the following movements occur at the shoulder joint but not at the knee?

Circumduction

Which of the following is true regarding circumdation?

Combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

What term is used to describe the motion of bringing the dorsum of the foot closer to the anterior leg?

Dorsiflexion

During an underhand softball pitch that does not involve a windmill windup, the hand holding the ball is moved to a posterior position with respect to the torso prior to the forward swing of the arm that releases the ball. In what order do the movements occur at the shoulder joint to make this motion possible?

Extension, flexion

Flexion/extension is an example of movement in a coronal plane about an anteroposterior axis

FALSE

Cortical bone has a low degree of porosity which consists of approximately 5-30% mineralized tissue

FALSE 5-30% of cortical bone is porous, but with NON-mineralized tissue. Cortical bone is harder and more compact.

One of the functions of articular cartilage is to separate the diaphysis and epiphysis

FALSE Articular or Hyaline cartilage: facilitates smooth and easy movement at the joints. The epiphysis is covered by this cartilage to cushion and reduce friction The epiphyseal plate separates the diaphysis and the epiphysis during bone growth

Aging induces a progressive increase of collagen in bone that results in an increase in brittleness

FALSE aging causes a loss of collagen and an increase in brittleness, resulting in an increased likelihood of fractures

Cancellous bone is stiffer and therefore can withstand greater stress but less strain than cortical bone

FALSE cancellous bone is spongy. cortical bone is stiffer and can withstand greater stress but less strain than cancellous bone

Typical bony features include tendons, epiphysis, and articular cartilage

FALSE diaphysis (shaft) cortex periosteum endosteum medullary cavity epiphysis - spongy or cancellous or trabecular bone epiphyseal plate (cartilage) articular or hyaline cartilage

The scapula is an example of an irregular bone

FALSE irregular bones: bones throughout the entire spine and the ischium, pubis, and maxilla

Ligaments through their bone to bone connections provide dynamic stability to diarthrodial joints

FALSE ligaments in connecting bone to bone provide STATIC stability

During the process of bone remodeling, osteoblasts resorb existing bone and osteoclasts form new bone

FALSE osteoblasts: cells that from new bone osteoclasts: cells that resorb old bone

Osteoclasts are specialized cells that form and resorb new bone

FALSE osteoclasts are cells that resorb old bone osteoblasts are specialized cells that from new bone

Epiphyseal plates generally close by age 18 but some may be present until age 27

FALSE some close as early as ages 7-8 and no later than 25

The medullary canal is located at the ends of long bones

FALSE the medullary cavity is located in the middle of long bones (the diaphysis)

There are approximately 552 muscles in the human body

FALSE there are about 600 muscles in the human body

Each of the following joints allows a slight amount of motion to occur except?

Gomphosis

Elbow extension takes place in what plane?

Sagittal

Which of the following is the correct definition of kinesiology?

Study of anatomy (active and passive structures), physiology, and mechanics in relation to human movement

Which of the following best describes the anatomical location of the head with respect to the left arm?

Superior and medial

Diarthrodial joints are also known as synovial joints

TRUE

Longitudinal bone growth continues as long as epiphyseal plates are open

TRUE

Most outer bone is composed of cortical bone with cancellous bone underneath

TRUE

Of all the movements possible in the joints of the body, flexion/extension is the most commonly occurring.

TRUE