Energy Resources and Consumption Quiz Answers

Amanda and Jacob have been asked to lease some land to a fracking company. The company has provided them with the diagram to show what the fracking mechanism will look like. The company has asked the couple to come up with any questions they might have so they can discuss the process. The couple respond with questions related to the land lease payments, profit expected, and the percentage of money that they can expect. (Imagery supplied by VectorMine/iStock via Getty) Based on the questions that Amanda and Jacob have prepared, which of the following topics will the company representative most likely focus on during their sales pitch? the possibility of a spill or accident and how the clean-up would happen the amount of visible structures above ground that the family will see the safety measures they have in place to protect the aquifers the economic benefits of allowing the company to lease the land

the economic benefits of allowing the company to lease the land

The shape of this island formed when molten rock erupted through the middle of the island. Complete the following sentence. This geologic process can result in large (uranium/shale gas/coal) deposits.

uranium

Assume a water heater takes 5000 Watts of power to run for one hour. If electricity costs $0.05 per kWh, how much money does it cost to run this water heater for four hours per day for an entire year? $275 $200 $435 $365

$365

Assume your household is paying 8 cents/kWh for electricity. Assuming your dishwasher takes 1800 Watts of energy, calculate how much money it takes to run it for one hour/day for a year. $73.12 $60.04 $45.74 $52.56

$52.56

An environmental science student wants to modify this model of sedimentary rock layers to show the distribution of uranium deposits in the layers of rock within the Colorado Plateau. She plans to use yellow circles to represent uranium deposits. Based on the model and the evidence you learned in this section, which modification would accurately show the uranium distribution in the Colorado Plateau? Add large yellow circles to Layers A through E and no yellow circles to Layer F. Add small yellow circles to Layers A through E and no yellow circles to Layer F. Add large yellow circles to Layers A through E and small yellow circles to Layer F. Add small yellow circles to Layers A through E and large yellow circles to Layer F.

Add small yellow circles to Layers A through E and large yellow circles to Layer F.

Refer to the map of shale oil and shale gas. Which of the following claims are supported by the evidence in this map? Select two options. An ancient ocean rich with life forms once covered the central United States. Shale oil and gas are not distributed uniformly around the Earth. South America was once covered in a dry desert with little peat formation. Central Asia was a site where molten rock erupted onto Earth's surface. Shale oil and gas are distributed uniformly around the Earth.

An ancient ocean rich with life forms once covered the central United States. Shale oil and gas are not distributed uniformly around the Earth.

The graph provided shows efforts by the United States to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels. Graph of the United States efforts to raise the percentage of energy generated by renewable energy from 1965-2019 (Imagery courtesy of Our World in Data) Which of the following statements is supported by data from the graph? The maximum increase in percentage of renewable energy occurred between 2010 and 2019. Between 1965 and 1970, there were tax incentives for the United States to install more renewable energy. Between 1990 to 2005 the percentage of energy from low carbon sources fluctuated around 12%. Economic recessions and presidential elections are linked to increasing percentages of renewables.

Between 1990 to 2005 the percentage of energy from low carbon sources fluctuated around 12%.

Examine the previous infographic. With respect to the environment, which conclusion is the most valid? Fossil fuels are far superior to biofuels, and they have more pros than cons. Biofuels and fossil fuels have both similar and different pros and cons. Biofuels and fossil fuels have the same pros and cons. Biofuels are far superior to fossil fuels, and they have more pros than cons.

Biofuels and fossil fuels have both similar and different pros and cons.

This model shows petroleum and natural gas formation. An environmental science student learns that 90 percent of the coal produced in Canada comes from the western provinces. The student wants to revise this diagram to show the conditions that led to abundant coal formation in western Canada. (Courtesy of U.S. Energy Information Administration) Which of the following changes should the student make to the diagram? Select two options. Move the black layer in Image C to the top layer and label it "coal." Change Image A to a wetland with abundant vegetation. Label layers in Image B "sediment" and "dead microbes." Change Image A to a dry desert with little vegetation. Label the layers in Image B "sediment" and "plant remains."

Change Image A to a wetland with abundant vegetation. Label the layers in Image B "sediment" and "plant remains."

Study the map provided. (Courtesy of US Energy Information Administration) Which of the following pieces of data support the fact that oil is a nonrenewable energy source? Select three options. Collectively, the states on the Gulf of Mexico except Texas decreased their reserves the most. Utah decreased its oil barrel reserves by a total of 288 million barrels. The Gulf of Mexico only increased its reserves by 26 million barrels. California decreased its oil barrel reserves by 83 million barrels. Texas increased its oil barrel reserves by 179 million barrels.

Collectively, the states on the Gulf of Mexico except Texas decreased their reserves the most. Utah decreased its oil barrel reserves by a total of 288 million barrels. California decreased its oil barrel reserves by 83 million barrels.

Which of the following statements is true concerning global energy consumption? Most countries have renewable energy sources that account for 20% or more of their energy. The use of fossil fuels has rapidly declined in most countries to less than 5% of all energy. Developed countries consume more energy per capita than developing countries. Most countries have enough capital necessary to build their own power plants.

Developed countries consume more energy per capita than developing countries.

The image shows four T-shirt designs to be sold. Images of mining T-shirt slogans (Imagery supplied by seamartini/iStock via Getty) Which of the following is most likely the message that the audience is getting? Mining is damaging to the environment, and West Virginia needs to invest in more solar energy. Energy must be focused on renewable energy, and coal should be one of the biggest investments. West Virginia has a long legacy of coal miners who have no place in the energy plan of the U.S. Fossil fuel regulations should be relaxed and mining should be increased in West Virginia.

Fossil fuel regulations should be relaxed and mining should be increased in West Virginia.

In 2010 over 75% of the energy consumed on Earth was from coal, petroleum, or natural gas. Hydroelectric made up nearly one-third of existing renewable energy sources, and biomass made up around 50% of existing renewable energy sources. Solar, geothermal energy, and wind made up the remaining 17%. Developed countries are making an effort to move toward cleaner and renewable energy use. Predict how the renewable energy percentages of Earth will change by 2050. Select three options. Geothermal will increase as more places look to install smaller geothermal systems. Hydroelectric power will dramatically decrease as countries look to different renewables. Biomass will dramatically decrease as countries look to stop depleting the food crops. Solar will increase as improving technology will drive down the cost of panels. Wind energy use will increase as more areas look to offshore wind farms.

Geothermal will increase as more places look to install smaller geothermal systems. Solar will increase as improving technology will drive down the cost of panels. Wind energy use will increase as more areas look to offshore wind farms.

Iceland uses nearly 100 percent renewable energy. The United States uses approximately 15 percent renewable energy. Which of the following statements best describes the difference in renewable energy adoption between Iceland and the United States? Select three options. Much of the United States is unsuited for renewable energy. Iceland's location makes renewable energy sources readily available as the primary source of energy. Iceland has developed batteries to store extra energy from renewables. Iceland is much smaller in area than the United States. Fossil fuels are easier to obtain in the United States.

Iceland's location makes renewable energy sources readily available as the primary source of energy. Iceland is much smaller in area than the United States. Fossil fuels are easier to obtain in the United States.

Why is water important to a nuclear reactor? Select two options. It gets turned into steam to power turbines. It keeps the equipment from overheating. It generates the needed power to cause fission in the core. It prevents neutrons from collecting in the rods. It donates electrical charge to the radioactive uranium.

It gets turned into steam to power turbines. It keeps the equipment from overheating.

Why is nuclear power so commonly used in modern submarines? It is the only form of energy that has minimal risks to those who work with it. It produces a greater amount of energy used to achieve higher speeds. It takes less effort than other energy types to maintain the system. It costs far less than other energy forms due to it being readily available around the world.

It produces a greater amount of energy used to achieve higher speeds.

What evidence shows that an atom has undergone fission? Select three options. It releases neutrons. Its nucleus has split into two. It has become a different type of element. It has lost several valence electrons. Its atomic mass has increased.

It releases neutrons. Its nucleus has split into two. It has become a different type of element.

Andrew lets Mr. Sanders know that he thinks there is a typographical error in the textbook. The book lists methane on both the nonrenewable and renewable sides of a chart. Andrew is confused and cannot understand how it can be both renewable and nonrenewable. Which of the following is the best explanation Mr. Sanders can give? Methane can be produced in the lab, so it is renewable, but most comes from cows, which are nonrenewable. Methane comes from swamps and wetlands so it is renewable. We just need to create more swamps. Methane can be found in Earth (nonrenewable) and collected in space, which is renewable. Methane can be collected from deep in Earth (nonrenewable) or from organisms like bacteria and livestock.

Methane can be collected from deep in Earth (nonrenewable) or from organisms like bacteria and livestock.

The graph shows the change in uranium production from 1945 to 2015. (Courtesy of U.S. Energy Information Administration) Which factor most likely caused the trend seen in the graph? The cost of digging uranium out of the ground increased dramatically over time. Production of uranium became too dangerous due to high levels of radiation. More uranium being used for nuclear power is being imported from other countries. Efforts to use uranium as a power source have been replaced by renewable sources.

More uranium being used for nuclear power is being imported from other countries.

The graph shows the change in energy production sources over time. (Courtesy of U.S. Energy Information Administration) What do these data say about the country's use of nuclear energy? Most of the nuclear power used in the United States comes from plants built before 1990. The amount of hydroelectric power has remained constant in spite of nuclear power being used today. Nuclear power was the main source of electricity before the turn of the century. Natural gas use spiked in 2003 because most nuclear power plants were decommissioned.

Most of the nuclear power used in the United States comes from plants built before 1990.

Which of the following statements exemplify problems with using nonrenewable resources? Select three options. Nonrenewable resources have a finite supply. We have the technology to acquire them easily. Spilling them can cause contamination of the ground and drinking water sources. Most nonrenewable resources cause air pollution. These resources can be used anywhere on Earth.

Nonrenewable resources have a finite supply. Spilling them can cause contamination of the ground and drinking water sources. Most nonrenewable resources cause air pollution.

Coal is classified into different types by its properties, such as the amount of dry carbon and moisture the coal contains. These two properties are affected by the amount of heat and pressure the decomposed matter is put under during the coal formation process. Peat contains about 70 percent moisture and less than 60 percent carbon. Lignite is a coal type found in North Dakota. Lignite contains about 35-55 percent moisture and about 65-70 percent dry carbon. Anthracite is a coal type found in Pennsylvania. Anthracite contains about 7-10 percent moisture and 86-92 percent dry carbon. Which claim about the formation of coal in North Dakota and Pennsylvania is supported by the evidence?

Peat in Pennsylvania was placed under higher levels of heat and pressure than peat in North Dakota.

Consider the image. Degraded land greatly impacts the watershed and water quality. (Imagery supplied by montreehanlue/iStock via Getty) What is the best way to naturally reduce soil runoff into the local watershed? Plant grass and trees. Dig trenches to encourage infiltration. Put up an erosion barrier. Pave the area.

Plant grass and trees.

This map shows the crude oil reserves in the Arctic Circle. Since the Arctic is surrounded by continents, the region has a large amount of continental crust. This continental crust forms large, bowl-shaped basins underneath the ocean's surface. Based on the map and information above, determine whether the following claims are SUPPORTED or NOT SUPPORTED. (SUPPORTED/NOT SUPPORTED) The Arctic Circle is likely also a rich source of natural gas. (SUPPORTED/NOT SUPPORTED) The oil reserves in the Arctic Circle also contain large amounts of coal. (SUPPORTED/NOT SUPPORTED) The basins likely collected large amounts of oxygen. (NOT SUPPORTED/SUPPORTED) The basins likely collected partially decomposed ocean organisms.

SUPPORTED NOT SUPPORTED NOT SUPPORTED SUPPORTED

Your environmentally conscious family is thinking about installing solar panels on your home. There are some advantages and disadvantages to installing solar panels. Which of the following statements would most encourage putting solar panels on your house? Select three options. Solar panels on your home represent a clean source of energy. The manufacturer is offering a small discount on solar panels. You could supplement the power you buy by creating some of your own. Solar panels are expensive and take up space on your roof. You could sell any excess power back to the power company.

Solar panels on your home represent a clean source of energy. You could supplement the power you buy by creating some of your own. You could sell any excess power back to the power company.

When drilling for oil in the ocean, the risks are different from drilling for oil on land. Examine the following statements. Which statement would be present in a risk assessment report from an oil company drilling in the ocean but would not be present in the same manual for land extraction? Tankers are reinforced against high winds and rough seas to minimize opportunity for spills. Drilling mechanisms have automatic shut-off valves and alarms in case of an accident. The blowout preventer is designed to cap any well that experiences a sudden increase in pressure. Containment procedures are in place, so if a spill occurs it will minimize the detrimental effects.

Tankers are reinforced against high winds and rough seas to minimize opportunity for spills.

Texas accounts for about 43 percent of crude oil production in the United States. Which claim about the historical geology of Texas is supported by the abundance of crude oil in Texas today? Texas was once a swamp, and the dead plants in the swamp were gradually covered by thick sediment layers. Texas was once extremely cold, and sediment layers deposited on rocks that were once covered by glaciers. Texas was once covered by an ocean until sediment gradually deposited on top of decomposed organisms. Texas was once a dry, hot, and lifeless desert until a deep ocean eventually covered the desert sand.

Texas was once covered by an ocean until sediment gradually deposited on top of decomposed organisms.

This map shows tectonic plates and active volcanoes on Earth. The red dots on the map indicate where volcanoes are located. The black lines represent tectonic plate boundaries. (Courtesy of NOAA Copper is a metal used to produce wires that transmit electrical energy. Most copper on Earth is found as porphyry copper deposits. These deposits commonly form in magma chambers. Which prediction about porphyry copper deposits on Earth is supported by the evidence in the map? North America, Asia, Australia, and Africa likely have no porphyry copper deposits. Porphyry copper deposits are likely distributed uniformly across all the continents. Central Asia likely has more porphyry copper deposits than the Pacific coast of Asia. The Pacific coast of South America likely contains abundant porphyry copper deposits.

The Pacific coast of South America likely contains abundant porphyry copper deposits.

Study the accompanying graphs. There are 39 countries in the OECD and 154 non-OECD countries. Graphs of the number of British thermal units (btu) consumed and projected consumption for the next 40 years for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country members and comparing to those that are not members (Courtesy of US Energy Information Administration) Based on the projected consumption by the non OECD countries, which of the following is a logical conclusion?

The current and projected energy consumption for OECD countries stays relatively flat due to minimal economic growth.

A new nuclear reactor is being proposed in a community. The community is currently arguing against building the reactor in its neighborhood. Which statement supports the argument against the construction of the nuclear power plant? The reactor core is heavily shielded by both concrete and steel. Water is used to cool the fuel rods to prevent overheating and possible explosive chain reactions. There is more than one way to shut down the process, avoiding a problem like Three Mile Island. The fuel rods are radioactive and must be stored for thousands of years.

The fuel rods are radioactive and must be stored for thousands of years.

Examine the illustration below. (Imagery supplied by VectorMine/iStock via Getty) As temperature and pressure increase, which of the following is most likely an effect on the quality of the coal formed? The carbon content of coal is inversely proportional to the time and pressure. Younger coal is a result of greater heat and pressure and is cleaner to burn. The lower heat and pressure will form lignite and higher will form anthracite. More heat and pressure will result in a higher percentage of peat.

The lower heat and pressure will form lignite and higher will form anthracite.

According to the diagram, crude oil can be heated and separated into various components. In one barrel of oil, 22 percent is refined into gasoline and 38 percent into diesel fuel. (Imagery supplied by viyadaistock/iStock via Getty) When the price of a barrel of oil increases, which of the following statements is the most accurate prediction of what will happen? Bitumen for roads and roofing will be affected in supply but not in price. The price of jet fuel will follow the inverse relationship and increase quickly in cost. Diesel fuels will not be affected in price and can be manufactured from ethanol. The price of gasoline will increase in direct proportion to the increase in a barrel of oil.

The price of gasoline will increase in direct proportion to the increase in a barrel of oil.

Consider the information on the two graphs provided. The left graph forecasts a drop in the amount of energy produced by nuclear reactors from 2020 to 2050. Graph of projected US nuclear generating capacity after 2016 through 2050 (Courtesy of US Energy Information Association) Looking at the right graph, what logical conclusion can you make? Nuclear plants produce radioactive waste and costly disposal. Nuclear plants are expensive to build and to maintain. Nuclear energy is not as efficient as coal. There are many projected retirements of nuclear plants.

There are many projected retirements of nuclear plants.

The map shows the locations of spent nuclear fuel rod storage around the country. (Courtesy USEIA) What claim can be made about the map? Coastal cities get most of their power from sources other than nuclear energy. There are more nuclear power plants on the east coast than on the west coast. The Midwest is the main location where nuclear waste is being stored. The chances of a radiation leak in the Deep South are less than in the Northeast.

There are more nuclear power plants on the east coast than on the west coast.

Examine the graph. This bar graph shows the percentage of electricity generated in Florida by nonrenewable sources and by renewable sources for 10 years. (Courtesy of US Energy Information Administration). Why has the percentage of natural gas used for power increased in the last ten years? The price of nuclear energy per kWh has increased more than natural gas. Florida has not been focusing on adding renewable energy options since 2012. The number of nuclear plants in Florida has increased. There has been an advance in technology of harvesting natural gas, making it easier to obtain.

There has been an advance in technology of harvesting natural gas, making it easier to obtain.

Why do developing countries often use renewable energy options on a smaller scale? Select three options. They lack the financial capital and technological expertise to build large systems. There is a long distance between villages, so stringing electrical lines is not practical. Renewable energy options lower the risk of fire or carbon monoxide poisoning. Oil and natural gas are too dangerous to use around their houses. Fossil fuels are much more expensive than renewable energy technologies.

They lack the financial capital and technological expertise to build large systems. There is a long distance between villages, so stringing electrical lines is not practical. Renewable energy options lower the risk of fire or carbon monoxide poisoning.

During fission, neutrons are produced as a by-product. What is likely to happen to some of these neutrons over time? They will collect in the rods to be used later as fissionable material to generate more heat. They will get repelled by the control rods so critical mass can be avoided. They will be used as another source of heat to change water into steam to drive the turbines. They will serve as the catalyst for additional splitting of other nuclei in a chain reaction.

They will serve as the catalyst for additional splitting of other nuclei in a chain reaction.

Suppose Yellowstone National Park, the home to the geyser Old Faithful, has hired you to suggest the most direct use of renewable energy for their park, which also must be the least destructive to the area. Most of their electricity currently comes from diesel or propane. Which of the following is the most direct and least destructive? Install a new dam and use hydropower to create electricity. Sinceit is a mountainous area, put a wind turbine on the mountain. Use geothermal power to create electricity and provide heat. Install solar power to completely power the visitors' center.

Use geothermal power to create electricity and provide heat.

A furniture manufacturing plant is looking at making its operation more efficient and environmentally conscious. The plant is currently heated with a coal-fired boiler. Which of the following changes would be more environmentally friendly? Continue to use the coal-fired boiler. Use an oil-fired boiler. Use a boiler powered by natural gas. Use sawdust to burn in the boiler.

Use sawdust to burn in the boiler.

Which of the following statements represents the smallest investment in solar energy from a consumer? Using solar panels to provide hot water to your house because heating water does not require a lot of electricity. Using solar panels to provide power to the lights on the highway at night because many solar panels can be installed next to highways. Using solar panels to provide light for a night softball game because many solar panels can be installed next to the field. Using solar panels to provide the only source of power to an office building because many solar panels can be installed on the roof.

Using solar panels to provide hot water to your house because heating water does not require a lot of electricity.

The infographic compares the use of fossil fuels to biofuels. (Courtesy of Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy) Examine the infographic. A soybean farming community has decided to dedicate half of its land to growing corn for ethanol. What are the most likely impacts of their decision? Select three options. a reduction in carbon emissions an increase in prices of other crops a decrease in fertilizer demands a decrease in soybean revenue an increase in carbon emissions

a reduction in carbon emissions an increase in prices of other crops a decrease in soybean revenue

The image shows coal being mined using a strip-mining method. After all the coal is extracted, the land will undergo reclamation according to federal regulations. Coal seam revealed by strip mining (Imagery supplied by kodachrome25/iStock via Getty) What test should citizens of the area insist on being performed on a regular basis to make sure their community is still safe to inhabit? soil testing to make sure the hydrocarbon content is not excessive aquifer testing to make sure sulfur content is not above normal limits water testing to make sure surface water does not contain too much nitrogen air testing to make sure mercury was not released into the thermosphere

aquifer testing to make sure sulfur content is not above normal limits

Which type of fuel is used most often in the world? wind power hydropower nuclear power fossil fuels

fossil fuels

The graph shows the percentage of households in the United States that heat primarily with wood. The graph groups these households by income and also by a Btu rating determined by wood consumption. Image courtesy of US Energy Information Administration Thinking about temperatures in the winter, where are these households probably located? Select two options. in Alaska, since it is very cold in the winter, and trees are plentiful in Hawaii, where there are tropical rainforests and plentiful trees in Texas, since there are lots of shrubs, open spaces, and national parks in the Northeastern United States, where there is often lake-effect snow in the winter in Arizona, where snow can form on the tops of high mountain terrains

in Alaska, since it is very cold in the winter, and trees are plentiful in the Northeastern United States, where there is often lake-effect snow in the winter

Examine the previous flowchart. Which of the following options represents an accurate pathway from biomass to energy? excess wood chips from a carpentry school -> combustion -> biodiesel leftover grease from a hamburger joint -> transesterification -> biodiesel leftover grease from a hamburger joint -> combustion -> charcoal excess wood chips from a carpentry school -> transesterification -> charcoal

leftover grease from a hamburger joint -> transesterification -> biodiesel

The red area in this diagram shows magma underneath Earth's surface. The gray, white, and beige layers represent existing sedimentary rock layers. A student wants to expand on this diagram to show how this geological process can affect the distribution of natural energy resources. The student starts by coloring the red section of the diagram black and labeling it "cooled and hardened." What should the student add to the diagram to show the distribution of energy resources? many circles labeled "uranium" inside the black rock and fewer circles inside the sedimentary rock many circles labeled "crude oil " inside the black rock and fewer circles inside the sedimentary rock many circles labeled "crude oil" distributed equally throughout the black rock and the sedimentary rock layers many circles labeled "uranium" distributed equally throughout the black rock and the sedimentary rock layers

many circles labeled "uranium" inside the black rock and fewer circles inside the sedimentary rock

Complete the following sentence. The control rods in the nuclear core move in and out to collect (electrons/protons/neutrons) so they do not reach dangerous levels.

neutrons

Fossil fuels originate from (inorganic/organic/mineral) sources and are (sustainable/nonrenewable/renewable).

organic nonrenewable

Which of the following would be least likely to impact the price of electricity? price of a barrel of oil cost of a ton of coal production of biodiesel fire in a gas pipeline

production of biodiesel

The graph shows that the use of all three fossil fuels have gone up in the last 220 years. An environmental group wants to target energy policies at the largest users of fossil fuels. Graph of worldwide fossil fuel consumption in terra-watts over the last 220 years (Imagery courtesy of Our World in Data) What additional information would the group need in order to analyze who are the largest users of fossil fuels? Select three options. segmentation of data by each type of fuel segmentation of data by each country's climate segmentation of data by by world region segmentation of data by industry segmentation of data by country

segmentation of data by each type of fuel segmentation of data by industry segmentation of data by country