English 12 : Module 4

When Adam asks the angel Raphael how the heavenly bodies move, Raphael essentially responds:

"Focus on earthly things, not heavenly mysteries."

Which of the following was NOT a significant change to the British government in these centuries?

Catholicism became the only legal religion.

_______ teaches that all true knowledge comes from our senses. It gained popularity during the Scientific Revolution.

Empiricism

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways Satan seduces Eve?

He gives her a literal vision of what her life could be.

In book 1, Satan declares, "Here we may reign secure, and in my choyce To reign is worth ambition though in Hell:Better to reign in Hell, then serve in Heav'n" (1.261-3) Paraphrase these lines in your own words. Then, briefly explain what this tells us about Satan's personality.

In this place, our reign is firm and secure. It is better to reign in an awful place than have to serve in Heaven. This tells us that Satan is manipulative, he knows he needs to state those sentence in order to keep the rest of the fallen with him. It also tells us that he intelligent and is smart enough to get the fallen to follow him. He is also a deceiver and a liar because of what he says.

In Samuel Pepys' 1665 entry, what irritates Pegg Pen?

Pepys' wife can draw better than she could

According to Pepys, why will fashion possibly change as a result of the plague?

Perriwigs

What is the general tone of Addison's "Reflections in Westminster Abbey"? (The tone is the emotions of the author toward the subject matter). Provide at least one quotation from the essay as an example.

The general tone is gloomy and solemn, this tone can be seen through this sentence: "When I am in a serious humor, I very often walk by myself in Westminster Abbey; where the gloominess of the place, and the use to which it is applied, with the solemnity of the building, and the condition of the people who lie in it, are apt to fill the mind with a kind of melancholy, or rather thoughtfulness, that is not disagreeable."

Explain the hypocrisy of the speaker in A Modest Proposal condemning abortions but supporting cannibalism.

The hypocrisy is that both acts involves the murder of children, the only difference is that it is done in different methods. He condemns abortions, the murder of children while they are still in their mothers but supports cannibalism, which is still the murder of children, except that they are eating the children after they were born.

Why does Addison find Sir Cloudesley Shovel's monument offensive?

The inscription and statue don't represent who he really was.

In your own words, explain the literary and historical value of diary entries.

The literary and historical value of diary entries is that they were the most honest pieces of literature as they were written for private uses, they were not written to be seen by others. They also showed real emotions and thoughts about a historical event, they way it may have happened.

Explain the moral dilemma Pepys recounts involving a young child at the end of his 1665 entry. Do you think they made the right decision?

The moral dilemma was that the child was from an infected house, the rest of his family dead, or dying. The child was taken in by a man, who then clothe the child with new clothes, with intentions to save the child, he took the child in. I think they made the right decision, if the child was not infected, and was given new belongings instead of taking his infected belongings, the child should not pose as much of a threat. It is better to save the child then to let him die. Pepys discusses the issue of a man and his wife deciding to give up the last living child to another family because they had buried all their other children because of the plague. They only wanted the child to live.

How does Swift satirize the rational, "enlightened" way of thinking that was popular in the 18th century? Provide at least one example from the text.

The rational, enlightened way of thinking included being logic, reason, nature and humanity. He does the exact opposite where he make people seem like breeding animals, or food to be feasted upon, he uses numbers to count them all of which mocks logic, reason, and humanity. It can be seen in this sentence "I calculate there may be about two hundred thousand couple, whose wives are breeders;" One can also see how he wrote about people like they were objects to be sold in this sentence "I am assured by our merchants, that a boy or a girl, before twelve years old, is no saleable commodity, and even when they come to this age, they will not yield above three pounds, or three pounds and half a crown at most, on the exchange; which cannot turn to account either to the parents or kingdom, the charge of nutriments and rags having been at least four times that value. "

According to the final paragraph of the Ladies Magazine article, what is the general consequence of too many grand gesture and greetings during church services?

The women will not misbehave themselves in church, act with scrupulous conscience and be a good Christian.

Suggest one way that these letters differ from modern-day communication. Then suggest one way that these letters are similar to modern-day communication.

They differ in the sense of writing style, language has changed a lot since the 17th and 18th century, there are less flowery or fancy words. Letters are now hardly sent due to the convenience of text messages or calling. The two are similar in the sense that they both are used to help people communicate with each other.

What does Johnson say about lexicographers (dictionary-makers) at the beginning of his preface?

They do not get the praise that they deserve.

In paragraph 55 of his preface, Johnson says that "the easiest word, whatever it be, can never be translated into one more easy." Therefore, the easiest word ____________.

can only be explained with more difficult words

After the Fall, Adam and Eve both express a desire to _____.

die

In book 3 of Paradise Lost, God explains that he formed every being to have _______ as part of their nature.

free will

In his 1666 entry, Pepys seems to worry most of all that the great fire will consume ______.

goods

At the end of his 1666 entry, Pepys recounts that __________.

he had to pack up and move his goods

Copernicus and Galileo both worked to prove that our solar system is _______, not geocentric.

heliocentric

A popular philosophy in Britain was that of _________, of which there were two: public and private.

social spheres

In his letter, how long ago does Samuel Johnson say he was "repulsed" from Lord Chesterfield's door?

7 years

In the second paragraph of his letter, what is John Wesley "struck" to discover?

A black man cannot seek justice against a white man.

The writer says he has been told by a/an _________ with "frequent experience" that babies are delicious.

American

Paradise Lost deals a great deal with knowledge. It asks the following questions: how much knowledge should we humans aspire to? Is knowledge a curse? Is it wrong for us to use our minds? In your opinion, what is the poem's final message about knowledge? Use examples from the text to prove your interpretation.

In my opinion the poem's final message about knowledge is that it is good to have a certain amount of knowledge, but too much knowledge may lead to the downfall of one. Adam and Eve had knowledge of life, they knew the animals name, they knew who God was, they knew rules and obedience and many more simple knowledge. Knowing this simple knowledge would have allowed them to live a good life had it not been for the fall. Satan deceives Eve and tricks her with false knowledge, thus leading to her eating the fruit. This led to them knowing that they are no longer innocent and are naked, this series of events led them to leaving the garden of Eden. So, having knowledge is good, but too much may lead to one's downfall.

Since Swift mocks abusive and dehumanizing behavior, what kinds of attitudes do you think he would rather see extended to the poor? In other words, what do you think his real proposal would be? Use examples from the text to support your position.

In the first few sentences, he writes "It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabbin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms. ", this shows his empathy, where he feels pity for those begging. He writes in a manner from the wealthy's perspective, showing the lack of empathy for them, I think his real proposal would be to see the wealthy reach out to help the poor. He mocks them in this sentence ""I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children." He would also propose that England stop oppressing the Irish people and that Ireland stop being submissive.

Which of the following significant events happened during the 18th century (1700s), at least partly? Check all that apply.

Jacobite Risings Treaty of Union Seven Years' War

A foil is a character set up to contrast with another character. In Paradise Lost, how is the Son of God (Jesus) a foil to Satan in personality or deed? Provide two examples from the text.

Jesus is a foil to Satan because He is seen as holy and good, while Satan is seen as rebellious and evil, not wishing to be under God's commands. Satan wants to destroy God's work(creation) , he does not want to give in to the will of God while Jesus is fully submitted to the will of God. Satan purpose was to destroy Adam and Eve, but Jesus said that he will temper justice with mercy even when Adam and Eve deserved their punishment.

What biblical allusion (reference) does Pope include in his letter to Lady Mary?

King Herod

Why does Wollstonecraft compare her fellow females to "flowers which are planted in too rich a soil"?

They are educated to be beautiful but shallow.

According to chapter IV, what makes women "creatures of sensation"?

They are taught to be men's playthings. They are not taught virtues. They are taught to focus on the little things.

Which of the following is NOT a similarity that Wollstonecraft points out between women and young military men?

They both travel too much.

In paragraph 21 of chapter II, why does Wollstonecraft think women and soldiers are kept in ignorance?

To maintain their blind obedience

Why does the speaker mention that he has a 9-year-old child and an infertile wife?

To prove a lack of personal interest

What is the form of Paradise Lost?

blank verse

After Adam joins Eve and eats the fruit with her, they are so intoxicated with new knowledge and power that they ________.

have lustful sex

At the beginning of the essay, the writer presents the problem: instead of earning a living, ___________.

mothers are forced to beg for their babies

In paragraphs 3 and 4 of his preface, Johnson basically writes that the English language is _________.

neglected and chaotic

In the late 17th and 18th centuries, the first English ______ were published.

novels

In his entry on the great fire, John Evelyn records that there was "nothing heard" but ___________.

people crying out

Sir Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, and Isaac Newton all worked on the _________, which emphasizes objective experimentation.

scientific method

After Eve eats the fruit, her motivations immediately become _______.

selfish

In chapter IV, Wollstonecraft differentiates between reason and _______, which she considers an impediment to a woman's growth.

sensibility

In paragraph 11 of his preface, Johnson explains that he often chose spellings based on _________.

the original language from which the word was derived

According to the article in Ladies Magazine, sometimes people stop half-way through a salutation because _____________.

the recipient responds coldly

Before Adam and Eve leave Eden, God sends the angel Michael to show Adam a vision of _______.

the whole history of human redemption

In chapter IV, paragraph 34, Wollstonecraft writes, "I do not wish them to have power over men; but over _______."

themselves

Addressing women, Wollstonecraft states that "elegance is inferior to _______."

virtue

Identify and summarize one use of logos in chapter II or IV. It must be a quotation that is NOT included in the lesson.

" When I treat of the peculiar duties of women, as I should treat of the peculiar duties of a citizen or father, it will be found that I do not mean to insinuate that they should be taken out of their families, speaking of the majority. 'He that hath wife and children,' says Lord Bacon, 'hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men.' I say the same of women. But, the welfare of society is not built on extraordinary exertions; and were it more reasonably organized, there would be still less need of great abilities, or heroic virtues." When she treats the duties of women, just as she treats the duties of a citizen or father, one can see that she does not mean that they should be removed from their families. She then quotes Lord Bacon, stating that those men who remained unmarried have more benefits. She then proceeds to agree that the same for women. She states that the foundations of welfare of society is not based on extraordinary exertions, and if it were more reasonably organized, there would be a less need of great abilities or heroic virtues

In nonfiction texts, authors often use overstatement: the action of expressing or stating something too strongly in order to emphasize their point. Which of the following lines is an example of overstatement?

"Surely these weak beings [women] are only fit for a seraglio [harem]!"

How many warnings do Adam and Eve receive that an enemy will come to tempt them?

2

Identify and summarize one use of pathos in chapter II or IV. It must be a quotation that is NOT included in the lesson.

"The consequence is obvious, the wife has recourse to cunning to undermine the habitual affection, which she is afraid openly to oppose; and neither tears nor caresses are spared till the spy is worked out of her home, and thrown on the world, unprepared for its difficulties; or sent, as a great effort of generosity, or from some regard to propriety, with a small stipend, and an uncultivated mind, into joyless solitude." The consequence is that the wife has to be cunning in order to undermine the habitual affection of which is afraid to oppose openly, this leads to a lot of suffering and pain, where the women is thrown out into the world, into a place of joyless solitude, uneducated about the things of the world and not prepared for the difficulties.

Choose a detail that you find the most interesting from one of the entries. Explain your choice.

"Thus, I left it this afternoon burning, a resemblance of Sodom, or the last day." I found it interesting how he referenced to Sodom in the Bible, showing how he had imagined what Sodom was like. One could easily picture what the fire was like in those times. It also showed the biblical knowledge that people had in those times.

Describe Adam and Eve's relationship before the Fall. Then, describe their relationship after the Fall.

Adam and Eve had a loving relationship, they both loved each other and cared for each other. Adam took good care of Eve and was always gentle and kind towards her, in some sense, they were both selfless when they took care of each other. After the fall, they both became selfish, constantly blaming each other for who was responsible for the fall. They became lustful, meaning that love was no longer present in their touches. They were angry at each other too.

Milton intended Paradise Lost to be a biblical epic. Explain two ways in which Paradise Lost fulfills the tropes of ancient epics. Then, explain one way that it is different from an ancient epic.

An epic often have topics such as religious stories, histories, heroic legends and many more topics. Paradise lost is both a religious story and a history event. Epics also often deal with themes like fate, good versus evil, all of which are present in Paradise Lost. God, angels and demons are also in epics and are present in Paradise Lost. Often in epics, there are heroes that achieves their goals, but in Paradise Lost, Adam and Eve are not presented as heroes, for they had sinned and was cast out of the garden of Eden.

What seems to be Satan's greatest desire?

Autonomy

Is satire a good way to change a person/society's viewpoint? Why or why not?

Depending on the situation, satire may or may not be a good way to change a person/society's viewpoint. Satire might be one of the last few ways to persuade a person/society's viewpoint, it should only be used when they are being stubborn and refuse to listen, satire would be helpful in the case of stubborn people. There are some situations that are not so serious that would not require the darkness of satire, and certain people can be persuaded in a nicer way.

Which of the following are personality traits of Satan in Paradise Lost?

Dominating Intelligent Eloquent

According to Paradise Lost, why was Satan cast down from Heaven?

For his ambition to be God's equal

Which classic British novel did Wollstonecraft's daughter, Mary Shelley, go on to write?

Frankenstein

Which of the following significant events happened during the 17th century (1600s), at least partly? Check all that apply.

Great Fire of London English Civil War Act of Toleration Great Plague of London

What hypocrisy does Wollstonecraft point out in the writer Rousseau's portrayal of a female character, Sophia (para. 22)?

NOT Sophia behaves a lot like Rousseau himself.

Wollstonecraft writes at the end of her introduction that because women are supposed to appear frail, they often resort to ______ to get their way.

NOT brutality MAYBE verbal abuse

Compare and contrast the two accounts of the Great Fire of London. Name one difference between them. Name one similarity between them.

One difference was that John's writing seemed as if the fire did not affect him, he was telling it from a perspective where he was observing the people around him while Samuel's wrote his feelings and actions about the things he had to do because the fire affected him. One similarity between the two was how one could read the despair in both accounts. Samuel felt a lost for the goods while John wrote of the cries of the people.

Provide one of Wollstonecraft's ideas that you agreed with, and why. Then, provide one of Wollstonecraft's ideas that you disagreed with, and why.

One idea that I agreed with is that women should be educated, and are not to be degraded. I'm not saying that they have to be equal to men, because God did create men to be the head of the households, but that women be treated like human beings, and with respect. I agreed with this because I feel that there are certain situations where women is not being treated well, and I believe that it is basic human decency to treat women with a certain level of respect. I feel that God created women not be degraded but to be loved. I disagreed with the idea that all men are tyrants and that the women in his life are slaves to him, I believe that there are men out there that do treat women well, and are brought up well. The way that she portrayed men was in a bad light, and maybe in those times, there were a lot of extreme sexism, where women were taught to be submissive and men could mistreat women but I believe that times are slowly changing, where better values are taught to the men in this society.

At what age does the writer propose the children be "put to use"?

One year old

___________: The belief that reason, rather than beliefs or emotions, is the only true source of knowledge.

Rationalism

In chapter II, paragraph 59, Wollstonecraft believes that women, with the education they receive, cannot build "sufficient character" to ________.

manage a family

In your own words, explain the meaning of this statement from chapter II. "But avoiding, as I have hitherto done, any direct comparison of the two sexes collectively, or frankly acknowledging the inferiority of woman, according to the present appearance of things, I shall only insist that men have increased that inferiority till women are almost sunk below the standard of rational creatures. Let their faculties have room to unfold, and their virtues to gain strength, and then determine where the whole sex must stand in the intellectual scale."

Up to till now, she had avoided comparing the two genders directly, or acknowledge the inferiority of women, but seeing how she looked at the current situation, she insisted that men have only continued to make women even more inferior to men, to the point where the female are not even thought of as humans. She states that if women were allowed to show their inherent mental/physical power, let their virtures strengthen, only then are people allowed to judge the intelligence of women.

Which of the following is NOT a major theme in Paradise Lost?

We are all controlled by Fate.

Authors of persuasive nonfiction texts will often state an existing claim, followed by their counterclaim (opposing response) to that idea. Identify and summarize one of Wollstonecraft's counterclaims in this introduction.

Wollstonecraft wrote about how female are usually inferior to men, where the men purses and the females yields, she continues with a few more sentence about how men are physically superior to women and sometimes they abuse that advantage to suppress women, she understands the counterclaim where there are masculine women and how men are against them, but she questions where those masculine women are.

What idea does Wollstonecraft declare is "nonsense!" in chapter II, paragraph 24?

Women should rely on cunning to make their way in the world.

How does Wollstonecraft comfort her male readers in paragraph 14?

Women will still rely on men's bodily strength.

In chapter IV, Wollstonecraft appeals to the pathos (feelings) of the reader by presenting a story of _______________. This story demonstrates how sensibility without reason can harm others.

a new wife casting out her husband's sister.

"There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme, that it will prevent those voluntary ________, and that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard children, alas!"

abortions

The speaker uses language relating to ________ to discuss mothers and children.

animal breeding

Paragraph 6 of Johnson's preface: "Every language has its _______, which, though inconvenient, and in themselves once unnecessary, must be tolerated among the imperfections of human things, and which require only to be registred."

anomalies

In paragraph 1, Wollstonecraft despairs that women are given a "neglected ________."

education

According to Wollstonecraft, society respects women but does not love them.

false

At the end of his essay, Addison takes comfort that there is nothing after death and that these dead people will never meet one another

false

England's population decreased dramatically in the 17th and 18th centuries.

false

In Pepys' 1665 account, he and his friends discuss how much they admire the king.

false

In his entry, John Evelyn seems apathetic toward the London fire.

false

In his preface, Johnson declares that he only uses examples from the absolute best and most-renowned English writers.

false

In his preface, Johnson writes that he believes his dictionary will forever embalm the English language and save it from decay.

false

Johnson writes that he chose to include absolutely no direction on a word's pronunciation.

false

Mary Wollstonecraft had a happy, love-filled childhood.

false

Most journals in the 17th century were written by working-class people.

false

Samuel Johnson admits in his letter that he actually he owes Lord Chesterfield quite a lot.

false

Satan blames himself for his fall into Hell.

false

The speaker admits that his proposal would make people less desirous to get married and have children.

false

Wollstonecraft was one of the earliest _______ philosophers and writers.

feminist

In book 4 of Paradise Lost, the poet intentionally pairs Adam and Eve's loving words and embraces with Satan's bitter rant. This is a literary device called _________.

juxtaposition

Besides meat, what other useful product does the writer claim would be gained from this solution?

leather

According to Wollstonecraft in chapter II, man is prepared for the future, while women are only expected to provide for the _____.

present

During the Age of Enlightenment, French philosophers like Voltaire and Rousseau argued that _______ should form the foundation of society,

reason

In chapter II, paragraph 67, Wollstonecraft states that she saves her "submission" for _____, not men.

reason

Much of the British Empire's growth and wealth in this period was due to ______.

trade

By depicting the loving intimacy between the innocent Adam and Eve in book 4, Milton argues that sex is a good gift from God if used in the right context.

true

In 17th- and 18th-century Britain, women and girls had fewer educational opportunities than men and boys.

true

In his 1666 entry, Pepys writes that he was unconcerned about the fire at first, as it seemed to be a long way off.

true

John Milton was completely blind by the time he authored Paradise Lost.

true

Johnson excludes proper names from his dictionary.

true

Letter-writing was the main form of interpersonal communication in the 17th and 18th centuries.

true

The creation account Raphael gives in book 7 is far more detailed than the creation account in Genesis.

true

The speaker admits that some might object to the proposal because it lessens Ireland's population.

true

Alexander Pope writes that he most admires Lady Mary's "female _______."

wisdom

Biological determinism was the belief that ____________.

women are intellectually and physically weaker than men

[W]hatever I write will be the real thought of that hour, and I know you will no more expect it of me to persevere till death, in every sentiment or notion I now set down, than you would imagine a man's face should never change after his picture was once drawn." What is Alexander Pope saying in this passage?

"I speak out of a passionate whim; I hope you won't expect me to always feel this way."

Describe what Addison is saying about death in this essay. Use at least one example from the text to support your interpretation.

Addison sees death as a part of nature, in both its solemn and sad part, and in its beautiful parts. Death causes him to feel emotions that are positive. This can be seen through this text :"and can therefore take a view of nature in her deep and solemn scenes, with the same pleasure as in her most gay and delightful ones. By this means I can improve myself with those objects which others consider with terror. When I look upon the tombs of the great, every emotion of envy dies in me when I read the epitaphs of the beautiful, every inordinate desire goes out; when I meet with the grief of parents upon a tomb-stone, my heart melts with compassion; when I see the tomb of the parents themselves,"

The _________ was a philosophical movement that grew alongside the Scientific Revolution in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Enlightenment

Who does God send to speak with and clothe Adam and Eve after they have sinned?

His Son

The first "advantage" of this proposal, according to the speaker, is that "it would greatly lessen the number of _______, with whom we are yearly over-run, being the principal breeders of the nation, as well as our most dangerous enemies. . ."

Paptists

Match the author with his or her major work. John Milton John Bunyan Aphra Behn Daniel Defoe Jonathan Swift Alexander Pope

Paradise lost Pilgrim's progress Oroonoko Robinson Crusoe Gulliver's travels The rape of the lock

In book 5 of Paradise Lost, God sends Raphael, the angel, into Eden in order to tell Man about:

Satan Obedience Free Will

________ Revolution: A series of discoveries in the 17th century that changed the future of science.

Scientific

What is the subject of John Wesley's letter to William Wilberforce?

The abolition of the slave trade

Which of the following is NOT a distinction of Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language?

The inclusion of foreign words

In "Reflections in Westminster Abbey," what is the significance of all of the bones being piled together under the earth?

The significance is that is does not matter whether one is rich or not, friends or enemies, men or women, it does not matter who we are or what our status is, we all end up in the same place after death, our bones lay undistinguished.

In his entry, John Evelyn compares the London fire to _____.

Troy

Wollstonecraft had lots of experience working in education. She was a governess for years and even ran her own girl's school.

true